Oksikodon: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Infobox drug|image2=Oxycodone structure.png|routes_of_administration=[[Oral administration|By mouth]], [[sublingual administration|sublingual]], [[intramuscular injection|intramuscular]], [[intravenous injection|intravenous]], [[intranasal administration|intranasal]], [[subcutaneous injection|subcutaneous]], [[transdermal administration|transdermal]], [[rectal administration|rectal]], [[epidural administration|epidural]]<ref name="Kalso">{{cite journal |author = Kalso E |title = Oxycodone |journal = Journal of Pain and Symptom Management |volume = 29 |issue = 5S |pages = S47–S56 |year = 2005 |pmid = 15907646 |doi = 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.01.010|doi-access = free }}</ref>|duration_of_action=By mouth (IR): 3–6 hrs<ref name="SmithPassik2008">{{cite book |author1=Howard Smith |author2=Steven Passik |title=Pain and Chemical Dependency |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T88C-9VTDXMC&pg=PA195 |date=25 April 2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press USA |isbn=978-0-19-530055-0 |pages=195– |access-date=5 August 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417043152/https://books.google.com/books?id=T88C-9VTDXMC&pg=PA195 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />By mouth (CR): 10–12 hrs<ref name="sunshine1996">{{cite journal |first1=Abraham |last1=Sunshine |first2=Nancy Z. |last2=Olson |first3=Ariel |last3=Colon |first4=Juana |last4=Rivera |first5=Robert F. |last5=Kaiko |first6=Ronald D. |last6=Fitzmartin |first7=Robert F. |last7=Reder |first8=Paul D. |last8=Goldenheim |title=Analgesic Efficacy of Controlled-Release Oxycodone in Postoperative Pain |journal=Journal of Clinical Pharmacology |date=July 1996 |volume=36 |issue=7 |pages=595–603 |doi=10.1002/j.1552-4604.1996.tb04223.x |pmid=8844441 |quote=Treatment with CR oxycodone was safe and effective in this study, and its characteristics will be beneficial in the treatment of pain.}}</ref>|dependency_liability=High<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bonewit-West |first1=Kathy |last2=Hunt |first2=Sue A. |last3=Applegate |first3=Edith |title=Today's Medical Assistant: Clinical and Administrative Procedures |date=2012 |page=571 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=9781455701506 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YalYPI1KqTQC&pg=PA571 |language=en |access-date=2020-08-05 |archive-date=2020-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728034412/https://books.google.com/books?id=YalYPI1KqTQC&pg=PA571 |url-status=live }}</ref>|legal_status=<!-- For countries not listed above -->|bioavailability=By mouth: 60–87%<ref name = MSR>{{cite web |title=Roxicodone, OxyContin (oxycodone) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more |work=Medscape Reference |publisher=WebMD |accessdate=8 April 2014 |url=http://reference.medscape.com/drug/roxicodone-oxycontin-oxycodone-343321#showall |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145108/http://reference.medscape.com/drug/roxicodone-oxycontin-oxycodone-343321#showall |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ElliottSmith2016" >{{cite book |author1=Jennifer A. Elliott |author2=Howard S. Smith |title=Handbook of Acute Pain Management |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Em7OBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA82 |date=19 April 2016 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4665-9635-1 |pages=82– |access-date=5 August 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417032426/https://books.google.com/books?id=Em7OBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA82 |url-status=live }}</ref>|protein_bound=45%<ref name = MSR>{{cite web |title=Roxicodone, OxyContin (oxycodone) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more |work=Medscape Reference |publisher=WebMD |accessdate=8 April 2014 |url=http://reference.medscape.com/drug/roxicodone-oxycontin-oxycodone-343321#showall |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145108/http://reference.medscape.com/drug/roxicodone-oxycontin-oxycodone-343321#showall |url-status=live }}</ref>|metabolism=[[Liver]]: mainly [[CYP3A]], and, to a much lesser extent, [[CYP2D6]] (~5%);<ref name = MSR>{{cite web |title=Roxicodone, OxyContin (oxycodone) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more |work=Medscape Reference |publisher=WebMD |accessdate=8 April 2014 |url=http://reference.medscape.com/drug/roxicodone-oxycontin-oxycodone-343321#showall |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145108/http://reference.medscape.com/drug/roxicodone-oxycontin-oxycodone-343321#showall |url-status=live }}</ref> 95% metabolized (i.e., 5% excreted unchanged)<ref name="SmithPassik2008">{{cite book |author1=Howard Smith |author2=Steven Passik |title=Pain and Chemical Dependency |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T88C-9VTDXMC&pg=PA195 |date=25 April 2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press USA |isbn=978-0-19-530055-0 |pages=195– |access-date=5 August 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417043152/https://books.google.com/books?id=T88C-9VTDXMC&pg=PA195 |url-status=live }}</ref>|metabolites=• [[Noroxycodone]] (25%) <ref name=Medscape>{{cite web |title=Roxicodone, OxyContin (oxycodone) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more |work=Medscape Reference |publisher=WebMD |accessdate=4 January 2019 |url=http://reference.medscape.com/drug/roxicodone-oxycontin-oxycodone-343321#showall |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145108/http://reference.medscape.com/drug/roxicodone-oxycontin-oxycodone-343321#showall |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="SmithPassik2008">{{cite book |author1=Howard Smith |author2=Steven Passik |title=Pain and Chemical Dependency |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T88C-9VTDXMC&pg=PA195 |date=25 April 2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press USA |isbn=978-0-19-530055-0 |pages=195– |access-date=5 August 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417043152/https://books.google.com/books?id=T88C-9VTDXMC&pg=PA195 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />• [[Noroxymorphone]] (15%, free and [[Conjugation (biochemistry)|conjugated]])<ref name=Medscape>{{cite web |title=Roxicodone, OxyContin (oxycodone) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more |work=Medscape Reference |publisher=WebMD |accessdate=4 January 2019 |url=http://reference.medscape.com/drug/roxicodone-oxycontin-oxycodone-343321#showall |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145108/http://reference.medscape.com/drug/roxicodone-oxycontin-oxycodone-343321#showall |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="SmithPassik2008">{{cite book |author1=Howard Smith |author2=Steven Passik |title=Pain and Chemical Dependency |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T88C-9VTDXMC&pg=PA195 |date=25 April 2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press USA |isbn=978-0-19-530055-0 |pages=195– |access-date=5 August 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417043152/https://books.google.com/books?id=T88C-9VTDXMC&pg=PA195 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />• [[Oxymorphone]] (11%, conjugated)<ref name=Medscape>{{cite web |title=Roxicodone, OxyContin (oxycodone) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more |work=Medscape Reference |publisher=WebMD |accessdate=4 January 2019 |url=http://reference.medscape.com/drug/roxicodone-oxycontin-oxycodone-343321#showall |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145108/http://reference.medscape.com/drug/roxicodone-oxycontin-oxycodone-343321#showall |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="SmithPassik2008">{{cite book |author1=Howard Smith |author2=Steven Passik |title=Pain and Chemical Dependency |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T88C-9VTDXMC&pg=PA195 |date=25 April 2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press USA |isbn=978-0-19-530055-0 |pages=195– |access-date=5 August 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417043152/https://books.google.com/books?id=T88C-9VTDXMC&pg=PA195 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />• Others (e.g., minor metabolites)<ref name="SmithPassik2008">{{cite book |author1=Howard Smith |author2=Steven Passik |title=Pain and Chemical Dependency |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T88C-9VTDXMC&pg=PA195 |date=25 April 2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press USA |isbn=978-0-19-530055-0 |pages=195– |access-date=5 August 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417043152/https://books.google.com/books?id=T88C-9VTDXMC&pg=PA195 |url-status=live }}</ref>|elimination_half-life=By mouth (IR): 2–3 hrs (same {{abbrlink|t_1/2|biological half-life}} for all {{abbrlink|ROAs|routes of administration}})<ref name="SmithPassik2008">{{cite book |author1=Howard Smith |author2=Steven Passik |title=Pain and Chemical Dependency |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T88C-9VTDXMC&pg=PA195 |date=25 April 2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press USA |isbn=978-0-19-530055-0 |pages=195– |access-date=5 August 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417043152/https://books.google.com/books?id=T88C-9VTDXMC&pg=PA195 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ElliottSmith2016" >{{cite book |author1=Jennifer A. Elliott |author2=Howard S. Smith |title=Handbook of Acute Pain Management |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Em7OBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA82 |date=19 April 2016 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4665-9635-1 |pages=82– |access-date=5 August 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417032426/https://books.google.com/books?id=Em7OBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA82 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />By mouth (CR): 4.5 hrs<ref name="McPhersonPincus2016" >{{cite book |author1=Richard A. McPherson |author2=Matthew R. Pincus |title=Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xAzhCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA336 |date=31 March 2016 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-0-323-41315-2 |pages=336–}}</ref>|melting_point=219|melting_high=|boiling_point=}}

'''Oksikodon''' adalah [[obat]] golongan opioid yang digunakan untuk mengatasi keluhan [[nyeri]] derajat sedang hingga derajat berat. <ref name="AHFS2018">{{Cite web|title=Oxycodone Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/oxycodone.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=AHFS |archive-date=28 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228174726/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/oxycodone.html |url-status=live |access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref> Sediaan obat oksikodon yang diminum, memiliki sediaan yang beragam ada sediaan yang menggunakan formulasi pelepasan segera dan pelepasan terkontrol . <ref name="AHFS2018">{{cite web |title=Oxycodone Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/oxycodone.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=AHFS |accessdate=28 December 2018 |archive-date=28 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228174726/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/oxycodone.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Waktu onset dari obat oksikodon yang berefek pada pereda nyeri memiliki waktu 15 menit dan efek durasinya berlangsung hingga enam jam ini untuk sediaan yang menggunakan formulasi pelepasan segera. <ref name="AHFS2018">{{cite web |title=Oxycodone Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/oxycodone.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=AHFS |accessdate=28 December 2018 |archive-date=28 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228174726/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/oxycodone.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada negara Inggris, obat oksikodon memiliki sediaan injeksi . <ref name="BNF74">{{Cite book|date=2017|title=British national formulary : BNF 74|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=978-0857112989|edition=74|page=442}}</ref> Sediaan obat oksikodon tersedia dengan kombinasi obat pereda nyeri lainnya seperti [[parasetamol]] (asetaminofen), ibuprofen, nalokson, dan aspirin . <ref name="AHFS2018">{{cite web |title=Oxycodone Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/oxycodone.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=AHFS |accessdate=28 December 2018 |archive-date=28 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228174726/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/oxycodone.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

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