Hong Kong: Perbedaan antara revisi
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== Sejarah ==
[[Berkas:Flag of Hong Kong 1959.svg|200px|ka|jmpl|Bendera penjajahan Hong Kong (1959–1997)]]
Wilayah Hong Kong diperkirakan sudah mulai ditinggali manusia sejak [[zaman Neolitikum]] namun baru dikenal secara luas saat Hong Kong diserahkan kepada [[Britania Raya]] setelah [[Perang Opium]] pada [[abad ke-19]]. Sebelumnya pada [[1513]], [[pelaut]] [[Portugis]] [[Jorge Álvares]], menjadi orang [[Eropa]] pertama yang mengunjungi Hong Kong.
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=== Dalam Kota ===
[[Berkas:CTB260.jpg|jmpl|Bus tingkat dalam kota Alexander Dennis Enviro 400 di Hong Kong menuju [[Stanley, Hong Kong|Stanley]]]]
Hong Kong memiliki tata angkutan dalam kota yang mapan dan modern yang terdiri dari [[kereta api]], [[bus]], [[tram]], [[feri]], dan [[taksi]]. Lebih dari 90% perjalanan harian (sekitar 11 juta) bergantung pada angkutan umum,<ref name="TD">{{cite web|url=http://www.td.gov.hk/transport_in_hong_kong/public_transport/introduction/index.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080707095241/http://www.td.gov.hk/transport_in_hong_kong/public_transport/introduction/index.htm|archivedate=7 July 2008|title=Public Transport Introduction|publisher=[[Transport Department (Hong Kong)|Transport Department]], Hong Kong Government|accessdate=13 July 2008}}</ref> salah satu yang tertinggi di dunia.<ref name="pubtransport">{{cite book|first=William H. K.|last=Lam|first2=Michael G. H.|last2=Bell|year=2003|title=Advanced Modeling for Transit Operations and Service Planning|url=https://archive.org/details/advancedmodeling00lamw|publisher=[[Emerald Group Publishing]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/advancedmodeling00lamw/page/n239 231]|isbn=978-0-08-044206-8}}</ref> Hampir semua layanan angutan umum dapat dibayar menggunakan [[kartu Octopus]], sistem kartu bersaldo yang diperkenalkan oleh [[MTR]].<ref name="octopus">{{cite web|url=http://www.octopuscards.com/consumer/products/en/index.jsp|title=Octopus Card Information|publisher=[[Octopus Cards Limited]]|accessdate=10 December 2008|archive-date=2007-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224121453/http://www.octopuscards.com/consumer/products/en/index.jsp|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Octopus: The Growing E-payment System in Hong Kong|last=Poon|first=Simpson|journal=Electronic Markets|last2=Chau|first2=Patrick|doi=10.1080/101967801300197016|volume= 11|issue=2|date=February 2001|pages=97–106|publisher=Informa | issn=1019-6781 }}</ref>
Jaringan kereta utama ([[Kowloon–Canton Railway Corporation|KCRC]]) digabung dengan MTR tahun 2007, menjadikan jaringan kereta menyeluruh di negara ini.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200604/11/P200604110236.htm|title=Press Release: Government has reached understanding with MTRCL on the terms for merging the MTR and KCR systems|publisher=Hong Kong Government|date=11 April 2006|accessdate=17 November 2007|archive-date=2018-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113004625/https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200604/11/P200604110236.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref> Sistem angkutan cepat MTR memiliki 152 stasiun yang melayani 3,4 juta orang tiap hari.<ref name="mtr">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtr.com.hk/eng/whatsnew/tourist_intro.html|title=Tourist Information|publisher=Mass Transit Railway|accessdate=29 April 2008|archive-date=2008-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416103736/http://www.mtr.com.hk/eng/whatsnew/tourist_intro.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Hong Kong Tramways]], yang sudah ada sejak 1904, menjangkau bagian utara dari Pulau Hong Kong.<ref name="trams">{{cite web|url=http://www.hktramways.com/en/company/index.html|title=The Company|publisher=[[Hong Kong Tramways]]|accessdate=29 April 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410081756/http://www.hktramways.com/en/company/index.html<!--Added by H3llBot-->|archivedate=10 April 2008}}</ref>
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{{Main|Ekonomi Hong Kong}}
[[Berkas:2ifc at twilight.jpg|jmpl|lurus|[[International Finance Centre|Two International Finance Centre]] di [[Central, Hong Kong|Central]], pusat komersial terintegrasi di Central|alt=A brightly lit tall skyscraper at night]]
Sebagai salah satu [[pusat keuangan]] dunia, Hong Kong memiliki sistem ekonomi [[kapitalisme|kapitalis]] yang ditandai dengan pajak rendah dan [[perdagangan bebas]]. Mata uang [[Dolar Hong Kong]] adalah mata uang terbanyak diperdagangkan kedelapan di dunia (2010).<ref name="bis.org"/> Hong Kong tetap bertahan sebagai ekonomo kapitalis, menempati peringkat terbebas di dunia menurut [[Indeks Kebebasan Ekonomi]] tiap tahunnya sejak 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201201/12/P201201120303.htm|title=Hong Kong ranked world's freest economy for 18th consecutive year|publisher=Government of Hong Kong|date=12 January 2012|accessdate=28 May 2012|archive-date=2012-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028215314/http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201201/12/P201201120303.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/ |title=2008 Index of Economic Freedom |publisher=The Heritage Foundation |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201022352/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/|archivedate=1 February 2008 |accessdate=1 February 2008}} {{Clarify|date=August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Top 10 Countries |publisher=The Heritage Foundation |url=http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/topten.cfm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124041217/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/topten.cfm|archivedate=24 January 2008|accessdate=1 February 2008}}</ref> Hong Kong menjadi pusat penting bagi perdagangan dan keuangan dunia, dan banyak menjadi kantor pusat perusahaan-perusahaan besar di kawasan Asia Pasifik,<ref>{{cite book|title=How to Invest in Offshore Real Estate and Pay Little Or No Taxes|url=https://archive.org/details/howtoinvestoffsh00brom|first=Hubert|last=Bromma|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill|McGraw-Hill Professional]]|year=2007|page=[https://archive.org/details/howtoinvestoffsh00brom/page/n176 161]|isbn=978-0-07-147009-4}}</ref> dan dikenal sebagai [[Empat Macan Asia]] karena pertumbuhannya yang tinggi dan pembangunan luar biasa dalam kurun 1960-an sampai 1990-an. Antara 1961 dan 1997, produk domestik bruto Hong Kong meningkat 180 kali lipat sedangkan GDP per kapita naik 87 kali lipat.<ref>{{cite book|first=Peter Wallace|last=Preston|first2=Jürgen|last2=Haacke|title=Contemporary China: The Dynamics of Change at the Start of the New Millennium|url=https://archive.org/details/contemporarychin0000pwpr|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2003|pages=80–107|isbn=978-0-7007-1637-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Rikkie|last=Yeung|title=Moving Millions: The Commercial Success and Political Controversies of Hong Kong's Railways|url=https://archive.org/details/movingmillionsco0000yeun|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|year=2008|page=[https://archive.org/details/movingmillionsco0000yeun/page/16 16]|isbn=978-962-209-963-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zyen.com/Knowledge/Research/GFCI%201%20March%202007%20Executive%20Summary.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070605112931/http://www.zyen.com/Knowledge/Research/GFCI+1+March+2007+Executive+Summary.pdf|archivedate=5 June 2007|title=The Global Financial Centres Index 1 Executive Summary|publisher=[[City of London]]|date=March 2007|page=6|accessdate=12 April 2007}}</ref>
[[Bursa Saham Hong Kong]] terbesar ketujuh di dunia dengan kapitalisasi pasar US$2.3 triliun per Desember 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-exchanges.org/statistics/ytd-monthly|title=World Federation of Exchanges – Statistics/Monthly|publisher=[[World Federation of Exchanges]]|accessdate=17 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821044315/http://www.world-exchanges.org/statistics/ytd-monthly <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archivedate=21 August 2010}}</ref> Pada tahun itu, Hong Kong meraih 22% pusat [[Penawaran umum perdana|penawaran saham perdana]] (''initial public offering'', IPO) dunia, terbesar di dunia tahun itu.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aI3U6ahtfIyo|title=Hong Kong IPOs May Raise Record $48 Billion in 2010, E&Y Says|publisher=Bloomberg|accessdate=17 September 2010|date=21 December 2009|archive-date=2012-07-20|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720121949/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aI3U6ahtfIyo|dead-url=no}}</ref> Dolar Hong Kong dipatok dari dolar AS sejak 1983.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.hkma.gov.hk/media/eng/publication-and-research/background-briefs/hkmalin/full_e.pdf|title=Hong Kong's Linked Exchange Rate System|page=33|publisher=[[Hong Kong Monetary Authority]]|accessdate=6 October 2010|archive-date=2012-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323161809/http://www.hkma.gov.hk/media/eng/publication-and-research/background-briefs/hkmalin/full_e.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
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| [[Berkas:1 hongkong panorama victoria peak 2011.JPG|jmpl|350px|Pemandangan dari Victoria Peak, terlihat Central, Victoria Harbour dan Kowloon (2011).|alt=panorama: looking down on a city of skyscrapers, land mass in the distance separated by a body of water.]]
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