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Rang Djambak (bicara | kontrib)
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(11 revisi perantara oleh 2 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 8:
| alt =
| caption = Situasi militer per {{date}}
{{leftlegend |#ebc0b3FFCCCC|Dikendalikan oleh [[Angkatan Bersenjata Sudan]] dan sekutu}}
{{leftlegend|#008080|Dikendalikan oleh [[Pasukan Dukungan Cepat]]}}
{{leftlegend|#E3D975|Dikendalikan oleh [[Gerakan Pembebasan Rakyat Sudan–Utara#SPLM-N (al-Hilu)|SPLM-N (al-Hilu)]]}}
{{leftlegend|#800033|Dikendalikan oleh [[Gerakan/Tentara Pembebasan Sudan#SLM (al-Nur)|Gerakan Pembebasan Sudan]]SLM (al-Nur)]]}}
{{leftlegend|#9affffff|Dikendalikan oleh [[Pasukan Perlindungan Gabungan Darfur|Pasukan Perlindungan Darfur]]}}
| date = {{Start and end dates|2023|04|15|sekarang|df= y}}<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=04|day1=15|year1=2023}})
| place = [[Khartoum]] dan kota-kota strategis lainnya di [[Sudan]]
Baris 80 ⟶ 84:
}}
}}
| commander1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of the Rapid Support Forces.png|border=}} [[Mohamed Hamdan DagaloHemedti]]<hr/br>{{flagicon image|FlagEmblem of SPLM-Nthe Rapid Support Forces.svgpng|border=}} [[AbdelazizAbdelrahim al-HiluDagalo]]<ref name="SPLMN"/br><ref{{flagicon nameimage|Emblem of the Rapid Support Forces.png|border="reserve"/>}} [[Abdel Rahman Jumma]]▼
| commander3 = {{flagicon image|Flag of SPLM-N.svg|border=}} [[Abdelaziz al-Hilu]]<ref name="SPLMN"/>
----
{{flagicon image|Flag of Sudan Liberation Movement-Army.svg|border=}} [[Abdul Wahid al-Nur]]
{{flagicon image|Sudanese Communist Party flag.png|border=}} [[Muhammad Mukhtar al-Khatib]]
 
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Insignia of the Sudanese Armed Forces.svg|border=}} [[Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]]<br> {{flagicon image|Insignia of the Sudanese Armed Forces.svg|border=}} [[Yasser al-Atta]]<br>{{flagicon image|Insignia of the Sudanese Armed Forces.svg|border=}} [[Shams al-Din Khabbashi]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of SPLM-N.svg|border=}} [[Malik Agar]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Sudan Liberation Movement-Army.svg|border=}} [[Mustafa Tambour]]<br>▼
{{flagicon image|Flag of Sudan Liberation Movement-Army.svg|border=}} [[Minni Minnawi]]
[[File:JEM Logo June 2013.jpg|22px]] [[Gibril Ibrahim]]<ref name=WarMonitor1711>{{cite web|url=https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/darfur-movements-we-renounce-our|title=Darfur movements: "We renounce our neutrality"|website=Sudan War Monitor|date=17 November 2023|accessdate=17 November 2023|archive-date=16 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116235659/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/darfur-movements-we-renounce-our|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
| combatant3 =
▲| commander1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of the Rapid Support Forces.png|border=}} [[Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo]]<hr/>{{flagicon image|Flag of SPLM-N.svg|border=}} [[Abdelaziz al-Hilu]]<ref name="SPLMN"/><ref name="reserve"/>
▲| commander2 = [[Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]]<br> {{flagicon image|Flag of SPLM-N.svg|border=}} [[Malik Agar]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Sudan Liberation Movement-Army.svg|border=}} [[Mustafa Tambour]]
| commander3 =
| units1 =
| units2 =
| units3 =
| strength1 = 70.000–150.000<ref name=DW>{{Cite news |date=19 April 2023 |title=Sudan: Stalemates rule out one-man victory |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle|DW]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/sudan-stalemates-rule-out-one-man-victory/a-65373902#:~:text=%22The%20range%20of%20the%20RSF,duty%20personnel%2C%22%20she%20added. |url-status=live |access-date=19 April 2023 |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419193223/https://www.dw.com/en/sudan-stalemates-rule-out-one-man-victory/a-65373902#:~:text=%22The%20range%20of%20the%20RSF,duty%20personnel%2C%22%20she%20added. }}</ref><hr/> Tidak diketahui
| strength2 = 110.000–120.000<ref name=DW/><br>Tidak diketahui
Baris 93 ⟶ 102:
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 = 13.000<ref name="TRTCAS"/>–15.000 tewas dan 33.000 luka-luka<ref name="aa12"/><br/>6.092.788 mengungsi internal<ref name="africa7.1">{{cite web |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/dtm-sudan-monthly-displacement-overview-january-2024 |title=DTM Sudan - Monthly Displacement Overview (January 2024) |date=2 February 2024 |website=[[reliefweb]] |access-date=4 February 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/01/31/sudan-conflict-fuels-worlds-largest-internal-displacement |title=Eight Million Displaced by Sudan War, UN Says |date=31 January 2024 |website=[[Voice of America]] |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref><br/>1.720.890 mengungsi keluar negeri<br/>
| casualties3 = 4.000–10.000+ terbunuh dan 6.000–12.000 luka-luka<ref name="apperthes">{{cite news |date=14 September 2023|title=UN envoy for Sudan resigns, warning that the conflict could be turning into 'full-scale civil war' |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/un-sudan-perthes-resignation-447e4aafec720589859a2b69cc113068 |access-date=14 September 2023}}</ref><ref name="4000dabanga">{{cite news|date=16 August 2023|title='Four thousand dead, four million displaced in Sudan conflict' |publisher=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/four-thousand-dead-four-million-displaced-in-sudan-conflict |access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="3000jpost"/><ref name="3000jpost">{{cite news|date=17 June 2023|title=More than 3,000 people killed, 6,000 injured in Sudan conflict|publisher=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-746662|access-date=20 June 2023|archive-date=20 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620061616/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-746662|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="10kcnn">{{cite news|date=26 July 2023|title=10,000 reported killed in one West Darfur city, as ethnic violence ravages Sudanese region|publisher=[[CNN]]|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/26/africa/sudan-west-darfur-thousands-killed-intl/index.html|access-date=27 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="dabanga5k" /><br />4.118.119 mengungsi didalam negeri<ref name="refug">{{Cite web |title=Regional Sudan Response Situation Update 12 September 2023 |url=https://mena.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl686/files/documents/2023-09/sudan-regional-crisis-response-situation-update-22.pdf |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=IOM |language=en}}</ref><br />1.130.516 mengungsi keluar negeri<ref name="refug"/>
| notes =
}}
 
Pada 15 April 2023, bentrokan pecah di seluruh [[Sudan]], khususnya di ibu kota [[Khartoum]], antara faksi-faksi yang bersaing dari pemerintah militer yang berkuasa di negara itu. Pada tanggal 1521 AgustusJanuari 20232024, antarasetidaknya 413.000<ref hingganame="TRTCAS" 10/>–15.000 orang telah terbunuh dan 6.000 hingga 1233.000 lainnya terluka,.<ref name="apperthes"/><ref name="4000dabanga"/><ref name="dabanga5kaa12">{{Cite newsweb |date=19 December 2023 |title=MoreUN thanhumanitarian 5,000office reportedlyraises killedalarm over fighting in Eleastern GeneinaSudanese 'genocide'state |url=https://www.dabangasudanaa.orgcom.tr/en/all-news/articleworld/moreun-thanhumanitarian-5000office-reportedlyraises-killedalarm-over-fighting-in-eleastern-geneinasudanese-genocide |date=20 June 2023state/3087061 |access-date=23 June 2023 |workwebsite=[[RadioAnadolu DabangaAgency]] |archive-date=219 JuneJanuary 20232024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2023062109352820240109181449/https://www.dabangasudanaa.orgcom.tr/en/all-newsworld/article/moreun-thanhumanitarian-5000office-reportedlyraises-killedalarm-over-fighting-in-eleastern-geneinasudanese-genocidestate/3087061 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="10kcnn"/>Pada sedangkantanggal pada29 12 SeptemberDesember 2023, lebih dari 45,18 juta orang menjadi pengungsi internal dan lebih dari 1,15 juta lainnya telah meninggalkan negara itutersebut sebagai pengungsi.,<ref name="refugafrica7.1"/> dan banyak warga sipil di Darfur dilaporkan tewas sebagai bagian dari pembantaian Masalit tahun 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Genocide returns to Darfur |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2023/10/05/genocide-returns-to-darfur |access-date=11 November 2023 |issn=0013-0613 |archive-date=10 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110034316/https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2023/10/05/genocide-returns-to-darfur |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Konflik dimulai dengan serangan yang dilakukan oleh [[Pasukan Dukungan Cepat|RSF]] di situs pemerintah saat serangan udara, artileri, dan tembakan dilaporkan terjadi di seluruh Sudan. Sepanjang konflik, pemimpin RSF [[Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo|Mohamed Hamdan "Hemedti" Dagalo]] dan pemimpin ''de facto'' dan panglima militer Sudan [[Abdul Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] telah mempersengketakan kontrol atas situs pemerintah, termasuk markas militer umum, [[Istana Republik, Khartoum|Istana Kepresidenan]], [[Bandar Udara Internasional Khartoum]], kediaman resmi Burhan, dan kantor pusat [[Sudan TV|SNBC]]. Mulai bulan Juni, [[Gerakan Pembebasan Rakyat Sudan–Utara|SPLM-N]] (al-Hilu) menyerang posisi tentara di selatan negara.<ref name="SPLMN">{{Cite news |date=2023-06-23 |title=South Kordofan residents flee as Sudan war escalates |language=en |work=[[al-Arabiya]] |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/06/23/South-Kordofan-residents-flee-as-Sudan-war-escalates |access-date=2023-06-23 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630183037/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/06/23/South-Kordofan-residents-flee-as-Sudan-war-escalates |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="reserve"/> Pada bulan Juli, sebuah faksi [[Gerakan/Tentara Pembebasan Sudan|Gerakan Pembebasan Sudan]] yang dipimpin oleh [[Mustafa Tambour]] (SLM-T) secara resmi bergabung dalam perang untuk mendukung SAF,<ref name="SLM"/> sementara pada bulan Agustus, gerakan pemberontak [[Tamazuj]] yang berbasis di Darfur dan Kurdufan bergabung dengan RSF.<ref name="tamazuj"/>
 
== Latar belakang ==
Baris 119 ⟶ 128:
 
=== April ===
Pada tanggal 15 April, RSF menyerang pangkalan SAF di seluruh Sudan, termasuk [[Khartoum]] dan bandaranya.<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |last1=Salih |first1=Zeinab Mohammed |author-link=Zeinab Mohammed Salih |last2=Igunza |first2=Emmanuel |date=15 April 2023 |title=Sudan: Army and RSF battle over key sites, leaving 56 civilians dead |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65284945 |url-status=live |access-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415084000/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65284945 |archive-date=15 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2023 |title=Fighting broke out in Sudan between national army and RSF militiamen |url=https://sudantribune.com/article272958/ |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=Sudan Tribune |language=en-US |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415124257/https://sudantribune.com/article272958/}}</ref> Bentrokan antara kedua kelompok terjadi di [[Istana Republik, Khartoum|Istana Kepresidenan]] dan di kediaman Jenderal al-Burhan. Sebagai tanggapan, SAF menutup semua bandara dan melakukan serangan udara pada posisi RSF.<ref name="aj">{{Cite news |script-title=ar:السودان.. اشتباكات عنيفة بين الجيش وقوات الدعم السريع (لحظة بلحظة) |title= |trans-title= |url=https://mubasher.aljazeera.net/news/politics/liveblog/2023/4/15/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415142945/https://mubasher.aljazeera.net/news/politics/liveblog/2023/4/15/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-16 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=ar}}</ref> Terjadi bentrokan di markas besar penyiar negara, [[Sudan TV]], yang kemudian direbut oleh pasukan RSF.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ar:التلفزيون السوداني يتحدث عن وجود اشتباكات في مقره |url=https://twitter.com/AlArabiya/status/1647201567630663680?cxt=HHwWgIC9gafGhNwtAAAA |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415180354/https://twitter.com/AlArabiya/status/1647201567630663680?cxt=HHwWgIC9gafGhNwtAAAA |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=15 April 2023 |website=Twitter}}</ref> Jembatan dan jalan di Khartoum ditutup, dan RSF mengklaim bahwa semua jalan menuju selatan Khartoum ditutup.<ref name="Al Jazeera2">{{Cite news |title= |script-title=ar:لحظة بلحظة.. اشتباكات بين الجيش السوداني والدعم السريع |language=ar |trans-title= |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/news/liveblog/2023/4/15/%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b8%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b4 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415111143/https://www.aljazeera.net/news/liveblog/2023/4/15/%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4 |archive-date=15 April 2023}}</ref> Pada 16 April, SAF mengumumkan penyelamatan seorang [[Mayor Jenderal|mayor jenderal]] dan seorang brigadir, penangkapan beberapa petugas RSF, dan pengambilalihan [[Bandar Udara Merowe|Bandara Merowe]].<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ar:=عناصر من الجيش ينشرون صورا لدخولهم قاعدة مروي العسكرية #السودان #العربية |url=https://mobile.twitter.com/AlArabiya_Brk/status/1647660109005312000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417064612/https://mobile.twitter.com/AlArabiya_Brk/status/1647660109005312000 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> Otoritas Penerbangan Sipil Sudan menutup wilayah udara negara tersebut,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shieff |first=Chris |date=16 April 2023 |title=Military Coup: Sudan Airspace Closed |language=en |work=[[OPS Group]] |url=https://ops.group/blog/military-coup-sudan-airspace-closed/#:~:text=On%20April%2016%2C%20Sudan's%20CAA,due%20to%20'security%20reasons.' |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420054206/https://ops.group/blog/military-coup-sudan-airspace-closed/#:~:text=On%20April%2016%2C%20Sudan's%20CAA,due%20to%20'security%20reasons.' |archive-date=20 April 2023}}</ref> dan penyedia telekomunikasi [[MTN Group|MTN]] menutup layanan Internet.<ref name="Siddiqui">{{Cite news |last=Siddiqui |first=Arwa Ibrahim, Usaid |title=Dozens of people killed as Sudan fighting enters second day |language=en |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/16/sudan-unrest-live-news-dozens-dead-as-fighting-enters-second-day |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416144810/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/16/sudan-unrest-live-news-dozens-dead-as-fighting-enters-second-day |archive-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> Bentrokan berlanjut pada 17 April di Khartoum, [[Omdurman]], dan bandara Merowe.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Clashes reported west of Merowe's airport |language=en |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/17/sudan-fighting-live-news-nearly-100-killed-as-clashes-spread |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417073638/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/17/sudan-fighting-live-news-nearly-100-killed-as-clashes-spread |archive-date=17 April 2023}}</ref> SAF mengklaim menguasai kantor pusat Sudan TV dan radio negara di Khartoum,<ref>{{Cite news |title=State TV back on air |language=en |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65285254 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415115739/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65285254 |archive-date=15 April 2023}}</ref> dan RSF merilis video di halaman [[Twitter]] mereka.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Competing claims over control of broadcasting corporation HQ |language=en |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/17/sudan-fighting-live-news-nearly-100-killed-as-clashes-spread |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417073638/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/17/sudan-fighting-live-news-nearly-100-killed-as-clashes-spread |archive-date=17 April 2023}}</ref>
 
Dalam sebuah wawancara dengan [[Al Jazeera]], [[Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo|Hemedti]] menuduh
Baris 151 ⟶ 160:
 
=== Juli ===
Konflik berlanjut, dengan serangan udara, serangan artileri, dan tembakan di Khartoum dan Omdurman. Antara 22 dan 31 orang tewas dalam serangan udara di distrik [[Dar es Salaam]] Omdurman pada 8 Juli. RSF menyalahkan SAF atas serangan itu, yang mereka bantah. Dalam sebuah pernyataan yang dirilis pada 9 Juli, SAF mengatakan bahwa angkatan udaranya tidak melakukan serangan udara apapun di kota tersebut pada 8 Juli.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= Sudan on brink of all-out civil war, UN chief warns, after airstrike kills at least 22 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/10/sudan-on-brink-of-all-out-civil-war-un-chief-warns-after-airstrike-kills-at-least-22 |work=The Guardian |location= |access-date=}}</ref> RSF mengklaim telah menjatuhkan pesawat perang SAF dan [[Pesawat nirawak|kendaraan udara tak berawak]] di Khartoum Bahri. RSF dituduh menjarah dan menduduki rumah di Khartoum, menggerebek Rumah Sakit Al-Shuhada dan membunuh seorang anggota staf, dan melanjutkan pembersihan etnis di Geneina. Satuan Pemberantasan Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan menyatakan telah mencatat 88 kasus [[kekerasan seksual]] di Geneina, Khartoum, dan [[Nyala, Sudan|Nyala]].<ref name="Reuters2July2023">{{Cite news |date=2 July 2023 |title=Sudan clashes intensify with no mediation in sight |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudan-clashes-intensify-with-no-mediation-sight-2023-07-02/ |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702170821/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudan-clashes-intensify-with-no-mediation-sight-2023-07-02/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Menanggapi meningkatnya kekerasan, SAF melakukan serangan udara dan penembakan terhadap warga sipil<ref>{{cite news |date=26 July 2023 |title=Shelling continues in Sudan capital, 15 killed in Omdurman |work=Radio Dabanga |url=https://sudantribune.com/article275417/ |access-date=26 July 2023 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="EEPA27/07/2023">{{cite news |date=2023-07-13 |title=SITUATION REPORT – HORN OF AFRICA No. 466 – 27 July 2023 |language=en |work=[[EEPA]] |url=https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-466-27-July-2023.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727210059/https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-466-27-July-2023.pdf |archive-date=2023-07-27 |access-date=2023-08-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2023-06-21 |title=Sudan's warring sides resume fighting after latest ceasefire ends |language=en |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/21/sudans-warring-sides-resume-fighting-after-latest-ceasefire-ends |url-status=live |access-date=2023-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621215322/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/21/sudans-warring-sides-resume-fighting-after-latest-ceasefire-ends |archive-date=2023-06-21}}</ref> dan posisi yang dipegang oleh Gerakan Pembebasan Rakyat Sudan-Utara (SPLM-N).<ref name="terrain">{{cite news |date=3 July 2023 |title=SPLM-N El Hilu wins terrain in South Kordofan |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/splm-n-el-hilu-wins-terrain-in-south-kordofan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703150833/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/splm-n-el-hilu-wins-terrain-in-south-kordofan |archive-date=2023-07-03 |access-date=2023-08-15}}</ref> Di Kordofan Selatan, SPLM-N (al-Hilu) menguasai beberapa pangkalan SAF,<ref>{{cite news |date=18 July 2023 |title=Sudan army clashes with RSF and SPLM-N El Hilu in South Kordofan |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-army-clashes-with-rsf-and-splm-n-el-hilu-in-south-kordofan |url-status=live |access-date=19 July 2023 |archive-date=19 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719121727/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-army-clashes-with-rsf-and-splm-n-el-hilu-in-south-kordofan}}</ref><ref name="terrain" /><ref name="terrain22">{{cite news |date=11 July 2023 |title=SPLM-N El Hilu launches new attack in Blue Nile region and wins terrain in South Kordofan |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/splm-n-el-hilu-launches-attack-in-blue-nile-region-and-wins-terrain-in-south-kordofan |access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref> sementara RSF bentrok dengan koalisi kelompok bersenjata di El-Fashir.<ref name="terrain" /><ref>{{cite news|date=11 July 2023|title=SPLM-N El Hilu launches new attack in Blue Nile region and wins terrain in South Kordofan|language=en|work=[[Radio Dabanga]]|url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/splm-n-el-hilu-launches-attack-in-blue-nile-region-and-wins-terrain-in-south-kordofan|access-date=15 July 2023|archive-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719121711/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/splm-n-el-hilu-launches-attack-in-blue-nile-region-and-wins-terrain-in-south-kordofan|url-status=live}}</ref> Sebuah faksi Gerakan Pembebasan Sudan yang dipimpin oleh Mustafa Tambour (SLM-T) bergabung dalam konflik untuk mendukung SAF di Darfur.<ref name="SLM"/>
 
Pada 13 Juli, PBB mengumumkan penemuan 87 jenazah, termasuk etnis Masalit, yang dikuburkan di kuburan massal di Darfur. Menurut [[Kantor Komisaris Tinggi Hak Asasi Manusia Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|Kantor Hak Asasi Manusia PBB]], almarhum dibunuh oleh RSF dan milisi sekutu mereka dan dimakamkan pada 20 dan 21 Juni 2023. Komisaris Tinggi PBB untuk Hak Asasi Manusia, Volker Türk, menuntut “penyelidikan yang cepat, menyeluruh, dan independen”.<ref name="mass grave">{{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= Bodies of 87 people found in Sudan mass grave, says UN |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/13/bodies-of-87-people-found-in-sudan-mass-grave-says-un|work=The Guardian |location= |access-date=}}</ref> PBB memperingatkan bahwa Sudan berada di ambang perang saudara lagi.<ref>{{cite news |date=9 July 2023 |title=The U.N. secretary-general says Sudan is on the brink of a 'full-scale civil war' |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/07/09/1186689871/sudan-civil-war-darfur-united-nations |access-date=27 July 2023}}</ref> Pada tanggal 22 Juli dilaporkan bahwa 10.000 orang telah tewas sejak dimulainya konflik di Darfur Barat saja.<ref name="10kcnndabanga5k" /> Milisi RSF dan Arab dikatakan telah membunuh pengacara, pemantau hak asasi manusia, dokter dan pemimpin suku non-Arab,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nashed |first=Mat |title=RSF atrocities pile up in Darfur after 100 days of Sudan fighting |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/24/after-one-hundred-days-of-sudan-war-rsf-atrocities-pile-up-in-darfur |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=24 July 2023 |title=RSF and Kababish clash in North Kordofan |work=Radio Dabanga |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-and-kababish-clash-in-north-kordofan |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref> dan melakukan perampokan dan kekerasan seksual.<ref>{{cite news |date=25 July 2023 |title=RSF accused of killings, robberies and sexual violence |work=Radio Dabanga |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-accused-of-killings-robberies-and-sexual-violence |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>
 
Menanggapi kekerasan tersebut, Inggris menjatuhkan sanksi pada perusahaan yang terkait dengan SAF dan RSF atas keterlibatan mereka dalam pendanaan dan penyediaan senjata, berusaha membatasi tindakan mereka.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 July 2023 |title=War in Sudan has displaced over three million people, says UN |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230712-un-wants-sudan-sides-held-to-account-as-3-million-flee |access-date=13 July 2023 |website=France 24}}</ref> Meskipun ada upaya regional untuk mediasi dan penyelesaian,<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2023 |title=Sudan's neighbors meeting in Cairo for summit agree to Egypt's initiative to try to end conflict |language=en |work=AP |url=https://apnews.com/article/egypt-sudan-summit-ethiopia-dam-6c2877b05df9fa045ca59b257e9e59e8 |access-date=14 July 2023}}</ref> konflik terus berlanjut, dan boikot SAF terhadap pertemuan penting menghambat proses perdamaian.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2023 |title=Sudan rejects African peace bid and 'enemy' peacekeeping force |language=en |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/11/sudan-rejects-african-peace-bid-and-enemy-peacekeeping-force |access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref>
Baris 183 ⟶ 192:
 
== Korban ==
Pada bulanJanuari September2024, lebihsekitar dari 413.000<ref orangname=TRTCAS>{{Cite telahweb terbunuh|title=More danthan 12.13,000 lainnyapeople terluka,killed menurutin KementerianSudan Kesehatanconflict: SudanUN dan|url=https://www.trtworld.com/africa/more-than-13000-people-killed-in-sudan-conflict-un-16729902 PBB|access-date=21 January 2024 |website=[[TRT World]] |language=en |archive-date=21 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.<refarchive.org/web/20240121224911/https://www.trtworld.com/africa/more-than-13000-people-killed-in-sudan-conflict-un-16729902 name|url-status="apperthes"live }}</ref>–15.000<ref>{{Cite nameweb |date="4000dabanga"21 January 2024 |title=Ethnic killings in Sudan city left up to 15,000 dead: UN |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1807428 |access-date= |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|DAWN]] |language=en |archive-date=21 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121082054/https://www.dawn.com/news/1807428 |url-status=live }}</ref> orang telah terbunuh dan 33.000 lainnya terluka, menurut PBB.<ref name="3000jpostaa12"/> Namun, [[Orang Masalit|Kesultanan Dar Masalit]] mengklaim pada tanggal 20 Juni bahwa lebih dari 5.000 orang tewas dan sekitar 8.000 terluka dalam pertempuran di Darfur Barat saja.<ref name="dabanga5k">{{Cite news |title=More than 5,000 reportedly killed in El Geneina 'genocide' |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/more-than-5000-reportedly-killed-in-el-geneina-genocide |date=20 June 2023 |access-date=23 June 2023 |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |archive-date=21 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621093528/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/more-than-5000-reportedly-killed-in-el-geneina-genocide |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada 12 Juni, Persatuan Dokter Sudan mengatakan sedikitnya 959 warga sipil tewas dan 4.750 lainnya luka-luka.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-06-14|title=Sudan's raging war forces more than two million from their homes|language=en|work=Aljazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/14/sudans-raging-war-forces-more-than-2-million-from-their-homes|access-date=2023-06-16|archive-date=15 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615124146/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/14/sudans-raging-war-forces-more-than-2-million-from-their-homes|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada tanggal 6 Mei, [[Save the Children|Save the Children UK]] mengatakan bahwa sedikitnya 190 anak tewas dalam konflik tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2023 |title=Sudan fighting in its 23rd day: A list of key events |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/7/sudan-fighting-in-its-23rd-day-a-list-of-key-events |access-date=7 May 2023 |website=Al Jazeera |archive-date=7 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507072413/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/7/sudan-fighting-in-its-23rd-day-a-list-of-key-events |url-status=live }}</ref> Dokter di lapangan memperingatkan bahwa angka yang disebutkan tidak termasuk semua korban karena orang tidak dapat mencapai rumah sakit karena kesulitan bergerak.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nearly 100 people dead across Sudan |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/17/sudan-fighting-live-news-nearly-100-killed-as-clashes-spread |access-date=2023-04-17 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |date=17 April 2023 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417073638/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/17/sudan-fighting-live-news-nearly-100-killed-as-clashes-spread |url-status=live }}</ref> Seorang juru bicara [[Bulan Sabit Merah Sudan]] dikutip mengatakan bahwa jumlah korban "tidak sedikit".<ref name="Al Jazeera">{{Cite news |script-title=ar:لحظة بلحظة.. اشتباكات بين الجيش السوداني والدعم السريع |title= |trans-title= |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/news/liveblog/2023/4/15/%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b8%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415111143/https://www.aljazeera.net/news/liveblog/2023/4/15/%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-15 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=ar}}</ref> Pada 16 Juni, ''Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa Network'' melaporkan sedikitnya 229 kasus [[penghilangan paksa]] di seluruh negeri.<ref>{{Cite news |title=NGO: 15 women among 229 'disappeared' in current Sudan clashes |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/ngo-15-women-among-229-disappeared-in-current-sudan-clashes |access-date=16 July 2023 |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |language=en |date=18 June 2023}}</ref>
 
=== Korban asing ===
Baris 199 ⟶ 208:
 
== Krisis kemanusiaan ==
Krisis kemanusiaan setelah pertempuran semakin diperburuk oleh kekerasan yang terjadi selama periode suhu tinggi, kekeringan dan dimulai selama bulan puasa Ramadhan. Warga sipil tidak dapat keluar rumah untuk mendapatkan makanan dan perbekalan karena takut terjebak dalam baku tembak. Sekelompok dokter mengatakan bahwa rumah sakit tetap kekurangan staf dan kehabisan persediaan karena orang-orang yang terluka berdatangan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dahir |first1=Abdi Latif |title=As New Wave of Violence Hits Sudan's Capital, Civilians Feel the Strain |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/17/world/africa/sudan-fighting-khartoum.html |access-date=17 April 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=17 April 2023 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417090248/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/17/world/africa/sudan-fighting-khartoum.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia mencatat sekitar 26 serangan terhadap fasilitas kesehatan, beberapa di antaranya mengakibatkan korban jiwa di kalangan pekerja medis dan warga sipil.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sudan crisis: Civilians facing 'catastrophe' as 100,000 flee fighting – UN|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65448691|access-date=2 May 2023|work=[[BBC]]|date=2 May 2023|archive-date=2 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502114619/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65448691|url-status=live}}</ref> Persatuan Dokter Sudan mengatakan lebih dari dua pertiga rumah sakit di daerah konflik tidak berfungsi dengan 32 dievakuasi paksa oleh tentara atau terjebak dalam baku tembak.<ref>{{cite news |title=More than 60% of hospitals out of service |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/22/sudan-fighting-live-news-army-says-foreign-evacuations-to-begin|access-date=23 April 2023 |work=[[Aljazeera]] |date=22 April 2023 |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420075805/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/22/sudan-fighting-live-news-army-says-foreign-evacuations-to-begin |url-status=live}}</ref> Ini termasuk sekitar setengah dari 130 fasilitas medis Khartoum dan semua rumah sakit di Darfur Barat.<ref name="3000jpost">{{cite news|date=17 June 2023|title=More than 3,000 people killed, 6,000 injured in Sudan conflict|publisher=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-746662|access-date=20 June 2023|archive-date=20 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620061616/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-746662|url-status=live}}</ref> Wabah penyakit seperti campak, kolera dan diare dilaporkan terjadi di seluruh negeri.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2023 |title=Sudan fighting sparks communications blackout in Khartoum, disease outbreaks |language=en |work=France 24 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230714-khartoum-faces-communications-blackout-as-fighting-intensifies-in-sudan |access-date=14 July 2023}}</ref>
 
Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa melaporkan bahwa kekurangan barang-barang pokok, seperti makanan, air, obat-obatan dan bahan bakar telah menjadi "sangat akut".<ref>{{cite news |last=Uras |first=Umut |date=25 April 2023 |title=Supply shortages becoming 'extremely acute' – UN |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce |url-status= |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |location= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425154833/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce |archive-date=25 April 2023 |access-date=25 April 2023}}</ref> Pengiriman uang yang sangat dibutuhkan dari pekerja migran di luar negeri juga dihentikan setelah Western Union mengumumkan akan menutup semua operasi di Sudan sampai pemberitahuan lebih lanjut.<ref>{{cite news |date=28 April 2023 |title=Sudan residents face cash shortage as sources dry up |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/28/sudan-fighting-live-news-turkish-evacuation-aircraft-fired-on |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |access-date=28 April 2023 |archive-date=28 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428182214/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/28/sudan-fighting-live-news-turkish-evacuation-aircraft-fired-on |url-status=live }}</ref> Program Pangan Dunia mengatakan bahwa bantuan pangan senilai lebih dari $13 juta yang ditujukan untuk Sudan telah dijarah sejak pertempuran pecah.<ref>{{cite news|title=President Biden authorises sanctions against Sudan|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-africa-65361155|access-date=5 May 2023|work=[[BBC]]|date=4 May 2023|archive-date=5 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505000047/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-africa-65361155|url-status=live}}</ref> Diperkirakan 25 juta orang, setara dengan lebih dari setengah populasi Sudan, dikatakan membutuhkan bantuan.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 June 2023|title=As Sudan war rages, rival sides accused of looting, diverting aid|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/16/as-sudan-war-rages-rival-sides-accused-of-looting-diverting-aid|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|access-date=25 June 2023|archive-date=21 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621081735/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/16/as-sudan-war-rages-rival-sides-accused-of-looting-diverting-aid|url-status=live}}</ref> Pihak berwenang melaporkan sedikitnya 88 kasus kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan di seluruh negeri, kebanyakan dari mereka menyalahkan RSF.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 July 2023|title=Fighting reignites between Sudan army, RSF in Khartoum|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/2/fighting-reignites-between-sudan-army-rsf-in-khartoum|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|access-date=3 July 2023|archive-date=2 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702221553/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/2/fighting-reignites-between-sudan-army-rsf-in-khartoum|url-status=live}}</ref>
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Perang_Sudan_2023"