Perang Sudan 2023: Perbedaan antara revisi

| conflict = BentrokanPerang SudanSaudara 2023Sudan

| partof = [[TransisiPerang Saudara Sudan menuju(disambiguasi)|Perang demokrasi 2019–2026|transisiSaudara Sudan menuju demokrasi]]

{{leftlegend |#ebc0b3FFCCCC|Dikendalikan oleh [[Angkatan Bersenjata Sudan]] dan sekutu}}
{{leftlegend|#008080|Dikendalikan oleh [[Pasukan Dukungan Cepat]]}}
{{leftlegend|#E3D975|Dikendalikan oleh [[Gerakan Pembebasan Rakyat Sudan–Utara#SPLM-N (al-Hilu)|SPLM-N (al-Hilu)]]}}
{{leftlegend|#800033|Dikendalikan oleh [[Gerakan/Tentara Pembebasan Sudan#SLM (al-Nur)|Gerakan Pembebasan Sudan]]SLM (al-Nur)]]}}

| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of the Rapid Support Forces.png|border=}} '''[[Pasukan Dukungan Cepat]] (RSF)'''<br>{{Br separated entries

| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Sudan}} '''[[Pemerintah Sudan]]'''<br>{{flagicon image|Insignia of the Sudanese Armed Forces.svg|border=}} [[Angkatan Bersenjata Sudan]] (SAF)<br>{{Br separated entries

|[[File:Flag of Sudan Liberation Movement-Army.svg|22px]] [[Gerakan/Tentara Pembebasan Sudan|SLM (Minnawi)]] (sejak November 2023)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sudantribune.com/article279446/ |title=Key Darfur groups join Sudanese army in its war against RSF paramilitary forces |date=16 November 2023 |access-date=16 November 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118234229/https://sudantribune.com/article279446/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />'''Didukung oleh:'''<br />{{flag|Ukraina}}<ref>https://www.wsj.com/world/ukraine-is-now-fighting-russia-in-sudan-87caf1d8</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/06/ukrainian-special-forces-sudan-russian-mercenaries-wagner | title=Ukrainian special forces 'in Sudan operating against Russian mercenaries' | newspaper=The Guardian | date=6 February 2024 | last1=Sabbagh | first1=Dan | last2=Defence | first2=Dan Sabbagh }}</ref><br />{{flag|Iran}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theconversation.com/irans-intervention-in-sudans-civil-war-advances-its-geopolitical-goals-but-not-without-risks-229989 | title=Iran's intervention in Sudan's civil war advances its geopolitical goals − but not without risks | date=28 May 2024 }}</ref>

| strength2 = 110.000–120~300.000<ref name=DWAJT/><br>Tidak diketahui

| strength3 = Tidak diketahui

| casualties3 = 13{{ubl| 20.000<ref name="TRTCASap20"/>–15.000{{cite tewasnews dan|title=UN 33.000official luka-luka<refsays name="aa12"/><br/>6.092.788Sudan's mengungsiwar internal<refhas name="africa7.1">{{citekilled webat least 20,000 people |url=https://reliefwebapnews.intcom/reportarticle/sudan/dtm-sudanmilitary-monthlyrsf-displacementwar-overview-january-2024f885e161c4eb4151377c25a20929de25 |title=DTM Sudan access- Monthly Displacement Overview (January 2024) |date=28 FebruarySeptember 2024 |websitework=[[reliefweb]]Associated Press |access-date=48 FebruarySeptember 2024 }}</ref>–150.000 tewas<ref name="dabanga150">{{cite webnews |title=US Senate hears urgent plea from envoy to Sudan |url=https://www.hrwdabangasudan.org/en/all-news/2024article/01/31/sudansenate-conflicthears-fuelsurgent-worldsplea-largestfrom-internalu-displacements-envoy-on-sudan |titleaccess-date=Eight7 MillionMay Displaced2024 by|work=Radio SudanDabanga War,|date=2 UNMay Says2024 |archive-date=313 JanuaryMay 2024 |websitearchive-url=[[Voice of America]]https://web.archive.org/web/20240503160346/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/senate-hears-urgent-plea-from-u-s-envoy-on-sudan |accessurl-datestatus=31 January 2024live }}</ref><br/>1| 7.720.890119 mengungsi keluar negeriinternal<brref name="africa7.2"/>

Pada[[Perang saudara]] antara dua faksi utama yang bersaing dalam pemerintahan militer [[Sudan]], [[Angkatan Bersenjata Sudan]] (SAF) di bawah pimpinan [[Abdul Fattah al-Burhan|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] dan paramiliter [[Pasukan Dukungan Cepat]] (RSF) dan sekutunya (secara kolektif koalisi [[Janjaweed]]) di bawah pemimpin Janjaweed [[Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo|Hemedti]], dimulai pada bulan [[Ramadan]] tanggal 15 April 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why Sudan's catastrophic war is the world's problem|url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2024/08/29/why-sudans-catastrophic-war-is-the-worlds-problem|date=August 29, bentrokan2024|newspaper=The pecahEconomist|access-date=August di29, seluruh2024}}</ref> Tiga faksi kecil (yang netral) telah berpartisipasi dalam perebutan wilayah tersebut: [[Pasukan Perlindungan Gabungan Darfur]], [[Gerakan/Tentara Pembebasan Sudan|SLM (al-Nur)]] di bawah pimpinan [[Abdul Wahid al-Nur]], khususnyadan [[Gerakan Pembebasan Rakyat Sudan–Utara|SPLM-N]] di bawah pimpinan [[Abdelaziz al-Hilu]]. Pertempuran terkonsentrasi di sekitar ibu kota [[Khartoum]], antara(tempat faksi-faksimeletusnya yangperang bersaingdan daridaerah pemerintahpertempuran militerterbesar) yangdan berkuasawilayah di[[Darfur]].<ref>{{cite negaranews itu|date=24 July 2023 |title=100 days of conflict in Sudan: A timeline |language=en |publisher=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/24/100-days-of-conflict-in-sudan-a-timeline |url-status=live |access-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928122030/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/24/100-days-of-conflict-in-sudan-a-timeline |archive-date=28 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/world/africa/sudan-omdurman-war-10679ce7?mod=hp_lead_pos7|title=War Tears Apart Sudan's Capital City|website=The Wall Street Journal|first1=Gabriele|last1=Steinhauser|date=August 12, 2024|access-date=August 13, 2024}}</ref> Pada 218 JanuariSeptember 2024, setidaknya 1320.000 orang telah tewas<ref name="TRTCASap20" />–15.000 orang telah terbunuh dan 33.000 lainnya terluka.<ref name="aa12">{{Cite web |date=19 December 2023 |title=UN humanitarian office raises alarm over fighting in eastern Sudanese state |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/un-humanitarian-office-raises-alarm-over-fighting-in-eastern-sudanese-state/3087061 |access-date= |website=[[Anadolu Agency]] |archive-date=9 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109181449/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/un-humanitarian-office-raises-alarm-over-fighting-in-eastern-sudanese-state/3087061 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada tanggal 295 DesemberJuli 20232024, lebih dari 57,87 juta orang menjadi pengungsi internal dan lebih dari 2,1,5 juta orang lainnya meninggalkan negara tersebut sebagai pengungsi,.<ref name="africa7.12"/>{{cite danweb banyak|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-situation-unhcr-external-update-68-28-june-4-july-2024 warga|title=Sudan sipilSituation: diUNHCR DarfurExternal dilaporkanUpdate tewas#68, sebagai28 bagianJune dari– pembantaian4 MasalitJuly tahun2024 2023.<ref>{{Cite|date=5 newsJuly 2024 |titlewebsite=Genocide[[reliefweb]] returns|access-date=6 toJuly Darfur2024 |newspaper}}</ref><ref name=The"africa7.1">{{cite Economistweb |url=https://wwwreliefweb.economist.comint/report/sudan/middleiom-eastsudan-anddisplacement-africa/2023/10/05/genocidetracking-returnsmatrix-todtm-darfursudan-mobility-update-2-publication-date-11-june-2024 |title=IOM Sudan Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Sudan Mobility Update (2) Publication Date: 11 June 2024 |access-date=11 NovemberJune 20232024 |issnwebsite=0013[[reliefweb]] |access-0613date=12 June 2024 |url-status=live |archive-date=109 NovemberJune 20232024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2023111003431620240609005046/https://wwwreliefweb.economist.comint/middlemap/sudan/sudan-eastsituation-andregional-africa/2023/10/05/genocidedisplacement-returnsupdate-to03-darfur |urljune-status=live2024 }}</ref>

Secara historis [[Konflik nomaden Sudan|konflik di Sudan]] terjadi akibat ketegangan etnis, perselisihan agama, dan persaingan memperebutkan sumber daya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sawant |first=Ankush B. |date=1998 |title=Ethnic Conflict in Sudan in Historical Perspective |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0020881798035003006 |journal=International Studies |language=en |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=343–363 |doi=10.1177/0020881798035003006 |s2cid=154750436 |issn=0020-8817}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fluehr-Lobban |first=Carolyn |date=1990 |title=Islamization in Sudan: A Critical Assessment |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4328193 |journal=Middle East Journal |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=610–623 |jstor=4328193 |issn=0026-3141}}</ref> Penggunaan tanah dan [[Konflik air|air]] telah menjadi pendorong utama konflik, khususnya antara petani yang menetap dan [[Pastoralisme nomaden|penggembala nomaden]],<ref name=":6">[https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/arabstates/NOMADS-SETTLEMENT-IN-SUDAN.pdf Nomads' Settlement in Sudan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416144255/https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/arabstates/NOMADS-SETTLEMENT-IN-SUDAN.pdf |date=16 April 2023 }}. United Nations Development Programme (2006). Retrieved 2023-04-15.</ref> dengan pertanian menjadi sektor penting dalam perekonomian Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Government of Sudan, FAO and WFP call for investment in Sudan's agriculture as number of people facing acute food insecurity reaches record high |url=https://www.wfp.org/news/government-sudan-fao-and-wfp-call-investment-sudans-agriculture-number-people-facing-acute |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=World Food Programme |language=en |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213113126/https://www.wfp.org/news/government-sudan-fao-and-wfp-call-investment-sudans-agriculture-number-people-facing-acute |url-status=live }}"</ref> [[Perang saudara Sudan|Dua perang saudara]] antara pemerintah pusat dan [[Sudan Selatan|wilayah selatan]] menewaskan 1,5 juta orang, dan konflik berkelanjutan di wilayah barat [[Darfur]] telah mendorong dua juta orang meninggalkan rumah mereka dan menewaskan lebih dari 200.000 orang.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sudan: The basics |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65285254 |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=BBC |language=en |date=2023-04-17 }}</ref> Sejak kemerdekaan pada tahun 1956, Sudan telah mengalami lebih dari lima belas kudeta militer<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fabricius |first=Peter |date=31 July 2020 |title=Sudan, a coup laboratory |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/sudan-a-coup-laboratory |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=Institute for Security Studies |language=en}}</ref> dan telah diperintah oleh militer untuk sebagian besar wilayah republik dan pernah secara singkat oleh pemerintahan parlementer sipil yang demokratis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Biajo |first=Nabeel |date=22 October 2022 |title=Military Rule No Longer Viable in Sudan: Analyst |url=https://www.voaafrica.com/a/sudan-october-revolution/6799915.html |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=VOA Africa |language=en}}</ref>

Pada JanuariSeptember 2024, sekitar 1320.000<ref name=TRTCAS>{{Cite web |title=More than 13,000 people killed in Sudan conflict: UN |url=https:"ap20"//www.trtworld.com/africa/more-than-13000-people-killed-in-sudan-conflict-un-16729902 |access-date=21 January 2024 |website=[[TRT World]] |language=en |archive-date=21 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121224911/https://www.trtworld.com/africa/more-than-13000-people-killed-in-sudan-conflict-un-16729902 |url-status=live }}</ref>–15.000<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2024 |title=Ethnic killings in Sudan city left up to 15,000 dead: UN |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1807428 |access-date= |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|DAWN]] |language=en |archive-date=21 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121082054/https://www.dawn.com/news/1807428 |url-status=live }}</ref> orang telah terbunuh dan 33.000 lainnya terluka, menurut PBB.<ref name="aa12"/> Namun, [[Orang Masalit|Kesultanan Dar Masalit]] mengklaim pada tanggal 20 Juni bahwa lebih dari 5.000 orang tewas dan sekitar 8.000 terluka dalam pertempuran di Darfur Barat saja.<ref name="dabanga5k">{{Cite news |title=More than 5,000 reportedly killed in El Geneina 'genocide' |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/more-than-5000-reportedly-killed-in-el-geneina-genocide |date=20 June 2023 |access-date=23 June 2023 |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |archive-date=21 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621093528/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/more-than-5000-reportedly-killed-in-el-geneina-genocide |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada 12 Juni, Persatuan Dokter Sudan mengatakan sedikitnya 959 warga sipil tewas dan 4.750 lainnya luka-luka.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-06-14|title=Sudan's raging war forces more than two million from their homes|language=en|work=Aljazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/14/sudans-raging-war-forces-more-than-2-million-from-their-homes|access-date=2023-06-16|archive-date=15 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615124146/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/14/sudans-raging-war-forces-more-than-2-million-from-their-homes|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada tanggal 6 Mei, [[Save the Children|Save the Children UK]] mengatakan bahwa sedikitnya 190 anak tewas dalam konflik tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2023 |title=Sudan fighting in its 23rd day: A list of key events |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/7/sudan-fighting-in-its-23rd-day-a-list-of-key-events |access-date=7 May 2023 |website=Al Jazeera |archive-date=7 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507072413/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/7/sudan-fighting-in-its-23rd-day-a-list-of-key-events |url-status=live }}</ref> Dokter di lapangan memperingatkan bahwa angka yang disebutkan tidak termasuk semua korban karena orang tidak dapat mencapai rumah sakit karena kesulitan bergerak.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nearly 100 people dead across Sudan |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/17/sudan-fighting-live-news-nearly-100-killed-as-clashes-spread |access-date=2023-04-17 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |date=17 April 2023 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417073638/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/17/sudan-fighting-live-news-nearly-100-killed-as-clashes-spread |url-status=live }}</ref> Seorang juru bicara [[Bulan Sabit Merah Sudan]] dikutip mengatakan bahwa jumlah korban "tidak sedikit".<ref name="Al Jazeera">{{Cite news |script-title=ar:لحظة بلحظة.. اشتباكات بين الجيش السوداني والدعم السريع |title= |trans-title= |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/news/liveblog/2023/4/15/%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b8%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415111143/https://www.aljazeera.net/news/liveblog/2023/4/15/%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-15 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=ar}}</ref> Pada 16 Juni, ''Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa Network'' melaporkan sedikitnya 229 kasus [[penghilangan paksa]] di seluruh negeri.<ref>{{Cite news |title=NGO: 15 women among 229 'disappeared' in current Sudan clashes |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/ngo-15-women-among-229-disappeared-in-current-sudan-clashes |access-date=16 July 2023 |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |language=en |date=18 June 2023}}</ref>