Gempa bumi Nepal April 2015: Perbedaan antara revisi
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| (6 revisi perantara oleh pengguna yang sama tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 12:
| image alt =
| caption = Kerusakan di [[Kathmandu]] setelah gempa utama.
| map2 = {{Location map+|Nepal#Asia
|places=
{{Location map~|Nepal#Asia|lat=28.230|long=84.731|mark=Bullseye1.png|marksize=50}}
{{Location map~|Nepal|lat=27.7|long=85.33|label=Kathmandu|mark=Red pog.svg}}
|relief=yes
Baris 28:
| fault = [[Pegunungan Himalaya|Sesar Himalaya Thrust]]
| type = [[Patahan (geologi)|Thrust]]<ref name=USGS/>
| affected = {{bulleted list|[[Nepal]]|[[India]]|[[
| casualties = 8,947 korban tewas,
23,447 korban luka - luka<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=apr2815%2Fat050 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2021-09-01 |archive-date=2015-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003443/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=apr2815%2Fat050 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Baris 36:
| map_alt =
| map_caption = nepal 2020
| duration =
| damages = $10 miliar [[USD]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Nepal Says Earthquake Rebuilding Cost to Exceed $10 Billion|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-28/nepal-rebuilding-cost-to-exceed-10-billion-finance-chief-says|first1=Unni|last1=Krishnan|first2=Kartikay|last2=Mehrotra|date=April 28, 2015|publisher=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref>
| pga = 0.25 [[Percepatan tanah puncak|''g'']]
| pgv =
Baris 45:
}}
'''Gempa bumi Nepal 2015''' (juga disebut '''Gempa bumi Himalaya''')<ref>{{cite news|author1=Cindy Tran|author2=Liam Quinn|title=Desperate families of DOZENS of Australians unaccounted in the deadly Himalayan earthquake disaster take to social media with pleas for help finding their loved ones|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3055268/If-know-pray-sister-Family-Australian-orphanage-worker-missing-huge-earthquake-rocks-Nepal-killing-700-desperate-news-loved-one.html|accessdate=26 April 2015|work=Daily Mail|date=25 April 2015|archive-date=2015-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518101242/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3055268/If-know-pray-sister-Family-Australian-orphanage-worker-missing-huge-earthquake-rocks-Nepal-killing-700-desperate-news-loved-one.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=Chidanand Rajghatta|title=s this the 'Big Himalayan Quake' we feared?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/Is-this-the-Big-Himalayan-Quake-we-feared/articleshow/47055477.cms|accessdate=26 April 2015|work=The Times of India|date=26 April 2015|archive-date=2015-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429005556/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/Is-this-the-Big-Himalayan-Quake-we-feared/articleshow/47055477.cms|dead-url=no}}</ref> adalah sebuah [[gempa bumi]] [[skala kekuatan Moment|berkekuatan]] 7,8 (M<sub>w</sub>) yang terjadi pada pukul 11:56 [[Waktu Standar Nepal|NST]] (6:11:26 UTC) pada Sabtu 25 April 2015, dengan [[episenter]] sekitar {{convert|29|km|mi|abbr=on}} dari timur-tenggara Lamjung, [[Nepal]], dan [[pusat gempa]] di kedalaman sekitar {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name= USGS /> dengan [[Skala intensitas Mercalli yang dimodifikasi|Skala intensitas maksimum]] mencapai X (''Ekstrem''). Guncangan tanah yang tercatat di [[Kathmandu]] relatif rendah, sementara gempa terjadi pada siang hari, dimana sebagian besar penduduk berada di luar ruangan, hingga mengurangi jumlah korban jiwa akibat bencana.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Parajuli|first1=Rishi Ram|last2=Kiyono|first2=Junji|date=1 January 2015|title=Ground Motion Characteristics of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, Survey of Damage to Stone Masonry Structures and Structural Field Tests|journal= Frontiers in Built Environment|page=23|doi=10.3389/fbuil.2015.00023|volume=1|doi-access=free|hdl=2433/240972|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
Gempa bumi tersebut memicu [[longsor salju]] di [[Gunung Everest]], menewaskan setidaknya 22 orang, insiden tersebut merupakan peristiwa yang paling
mematikan di gunung tersebut. Gempa tersebut memicu longsoran besar lainnya di lembah Langtang, dimana 250 orang dilaporkan hilang.
Peristiwa tersebut merupakan gempa bumi paling kuat yang mengguncang Nepal sejak [[:en:1934 Nepal–India earthquake|gempa bumi Nepal–Bihar 1934]]. Setidaknya 8,947 orang diketahui tewas akibat dari gempa bumi tersebut yang dikabarkan mengguncang [[Nepal]] dan beberapa wilayah [[India Utara]], [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Tiongkok]], dan [[Bangladesh]]. Bangunan-bangunan yang berusia berabad-abad hancur di [[Situs Warisan Dunia]] [[UNESCO]] di [[Lembah Kathmandu]], termasuk beberapa bangunan di Alun-Alun Kathmandu Durbar dan menara Dharahara di [[Kathmandu]] .
Baris 72 ⟶ 75:
Setidaknya 153 orang tewas di [[Nepal]] setelah gempa bumi susulan dan hampir 3,500 orang terluka. 62 orang tewas di [[India]] dan 1 orang tewas di [[Tiongkok]].
== Dampak dam korban ==
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Baris 99 ⟶ 102:
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{|class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="margin-left:7px; margin-top:0; margin-right:0; clear:right;"
Terdapat setidaknya lebih dari 8,947 korban tewas dan lebih dari 23,000 korban luka-luka. Setidaknya 8,786 orang tewas dan 22,304 orang luka - luka di Nepal sementara 130 orang tewas dan lebih dari 560 orang luka-luka di negara bagian [[India]] [[Uttar Pradesh]],[[Bengal Barat]],[[Sikkim]] dan [[Bihar]], 27 orang tewas dan 383 orang luka - luka di [[Tiongkok]] dan [[Tibet]] dan 4 orang tewas dan 200 orang luka - luka di [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="ABC"/><ref name="ht52"/><ref name="KSL"/><ref name="USAToday"/>▼
|+Korban asing menurut kebangsaan
|-
! Kebangsaan !!Tewas !!<abbr title="References">Ref.</abbr>
|-
|{{flag|India}}
|align=right|78<br />
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.saddahaq.com/human-interest/nepal/40-indian-nationals-confirmed-dead-in-nepalearthquake-8-are-missing|access-date=4 May 2015|title=40-indian-nationals-confirmed-dead-in-nepalearthquake-8-are-missing|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505055528/https://www.saddahaq.com/human-interest/nepal/40-indian-nationals-confirmed-dead-in-nepalearthquake-8-are-missing|archive-date=5 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Prancis}}
|align=right|10
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/nepal/la-france-et-le-nepal/evenements-4190/article/nepal-tremblement-de-terre-point|title=Népal – Tremblement de terre – Point de situation (11.05.15)|author=Ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Développement international|work=France Diplomatie :: Ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Développement international}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Spanyol}}
|align=right|7
|<ref>{{cite news|title=España concluye el rescate en Nepal al dar por muertos a los desaparecidos|newspaper=El País|url=http://elpais.com/m/politica/2015/05/09/actualidad/1431180457_531742.html|language=es|date=9 May 2015|access-date=12 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Amerika Serikat}}
|align=right|7
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.komonews.com/news/local/Families-now-convinced-2-Seattle-teens-died-in-Nepal-quake-303848951.html|title=Families now convinced 2 Seattle teens died in Nepal quake|publisher=[[KOMO-TV|KOMO News]]|agency=Associated Press|date=14 May 2015|access-date=15 May 2015|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226113819/https://komonews.com/news/local/families-now-convinced-2-seattle-teens-died-in-nepal-quake-11-21-2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pressherald.com/2015/06/09/family-of-mainer-dawn-habash-acknowledges-her-death-on-facebook/|title=Family of Augusta woman acknowledges her death in Nepal earthquake|author=David Hench|date=9 June 2015|newspaper=[[Portland Press Herald]]}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Jerman}}
|align=right|5
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalpolice.gov.np/images/crisis-detail-2072-01-18/Earthquake%20Disaster072.01.22.pdf|title=Foreigner victims Detail of Earthquake|publisher=[[Nepal Police]]|access-date=3 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.n24.de/n24/Nachrichten/Panorama/d/6634278/fuenftes-deutsches-erdbeben-opfer-entdeckt.html|title=Fünftes deutsches Erdbeben-Opfer entdeckt|publisher=n24.de|date=13 May 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Tiongkok}}
|align=right|4
|<ref name="BBC-Int">{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake: International aid effort increased|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32483119|date=27 April 2015|access-date=27 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Italia}}
|align=right|4
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emergenza24.org/terremoto-nepal-25-04-2015|title=terremoto Nepal|work=Emergenza24|date=27 April 2015|access-date=27 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Kanada}}
|align=right|2
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/st-albert-couple-confirmed-dead-following-nepal-earthquake-1.2355694|title=St. Albert couple confirmed dead following Nepal earthquake|publisher=[[CFRN-DT|CTV Edmonton]]|date=2 May 2015|access-date=2 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Rusia}}
|align=right|2
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/article/520389.html|title=Russian Diplomats Missing in Nepal Found Dead|newspaper=[[The Moscow Times]]|date=8 May 2015|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Australia}} <br />{{flag|India}}
|align=right|1
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Kashmiri-origin mountaineer Renu Fotedar dies in Everest avalanche|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|agency=(includes input from) [[Press Trust of India]]|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kashmiri-origin-mountaineer-renu-fotedar-dies-in-everest-avalanche-family-mourns/article1-1341690.aspx|date=28 April 2015|access-date=2 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428110856/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kashmiri-origin-mountaineer-renu-fotedar-dies-in-everest-avalanche-family-mourns/article1-1341690.aspx|archive-date=2015-04-28|quote=Fotedar, 49, was an avid climber who held dual Indian and Australian citizenship}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake: Melbourne woman Renu Fotedar killed|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/nepal-earthquake-melbourne-woman-renu-fotedar-killed-20150427-1muljl.html|date=27 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref>
<!--NOTE: Renu Fotedar is dual nationality Indian-Australian, living in Switzerland.-->
|-
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|align=right|1
|<ref>
* {{cite news|title=Teadaolevalt on Nepali maavärinas hukkunud üks Eesti kodanik|language=et|trans-title=One Estonian citizen is known to have died in the Nepal earthquake|work=[[Postimees]]|date=26 April 2015|url=http://www.postimees.ee/3169817/teadaolevalt-on-nepali-maavarinas-hukkunud-uks-eesti-kodanik|access-date=28 April 2015}}
* {{cite news|title=Earthquake claims life of one Estonian|work=Postimees|url=http://news.postimees.ee/3170559/earthquake-claims-life-of-one-estonian|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Hong Kong}}
|align=right|1
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Hong Kong resident confirmed dead in Nepal earthquake as 15 more remain missing|publisher=SCMP|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/1779232/hong-kong-resident-confirmed-dead-nepal-earthquake|date=28 April 2015|access-date=29 April 2015}}</ref>
<!--NOTE: Hong Kong citizens are not equivalent to Chinese citizens. The victim holds a Hong Kong permanent resident card. He is a dual British-Hong Kong citizen. He is not a Chinese citizen-->
|-
|{{flag|Israel}}
|align=right|1
|<ref>
* {{cite news|title=Rescue team: Body of missing Israeli found in Nepal|trans-title=Emergency relief group says 22-year-old Or Asraf's body was located and identified|newspaper=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=3 May 2015|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/rescue-team-body-of-missing-israeli-found-in-nepal/|access-date=3 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Jepang}}
|align=right|1
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake death toll expected to rise sharply – live updates|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/apr/27/nepal-earthquake-rescue-efforts-thousands-seek-shelter-rolling-report|date=27 April 2015|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|align=right|1
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.asiaone.com/news/asia/body-confirmed-be-malaysian-nepal-earthquake|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518113637/http://news.asiaone.com/news/asia/body-confirmed-be-malaysian-nepal-earthquake|archive-date=18 May 2015|title=Body confirmed to be Malaysian in Nepal earthquake|author=Desiree Tresa Gasper|work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]/[[Asia News Network]]|publisher=[[AsiaOne]]|date=8 May 2015|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Selandia Baru}}
|align=right|1
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/asia/68081530/One-Kiwi-dead-after-Nepal-earthquake|title=One Kiwi dead after Nepal earthquake|author1=Andrea Vance|author2=Rosanna Price|date=28 April 2015|publisher=Stuff|location=New Zealand|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Britania Raya}}
|align=right|1
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake: British gap year student confirmed dead|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-32674395|publisher=BBC News|date=9 May 2015|access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:left"|Total
! style="text-align:right"|127
!
|}
▲Terdapat setidaknya lebih dari 8,947 korban tewas dan lebih dari 23,000 korban luka-luka. Setidaknya 8,786 orang tewas dan 22,304 orang luka - luka di Nepal sementara 130 orang tewas dan lebih dari 560 orang luka-luka di negara bagian [[India]] [[Uttar Pradesh]],[[Bengal Barat]],[[Sikkim]] dan [[Bihar]], 27 orang tewas dan 383 orang luka - luka di [[Tiongkok]] dan [[Tibet]] dan 4 orang tewas dan 200 orang luka - luka di [[Bangladesh]].
Contoh gempa bumi ini menunjukkan bahwa perhitungan kerugian untuk hipotetis kemungkinan gempa bumi di masa depan dapat diandalkan. Pada tahun 2005, perkiraan jumlah korban jiwa akibat skenario hipotetis gempa bumi dekat [[Kathmandu]] sebesar M8.1 dipublikasikan. Korban jiwa pada saat itu diperkirakan antara 21.000 dan 42.000. Gempa M7.8 tanggal 25 April 2015 menewaskan sekitar 8.900 orang, karena terjadi pada hari Sabtu dan banyak bangunan yang runtuh, seperti gedung sekolah dan kota, kosong sehingga mengurangi jumlah korban jiwa. Selain itu, pusat gempa berada di daerah pedesaan, sehingga wilayah yang terkena dampak paling parah memiliki kepadatan penduduk yang rendah dan sebagian besar penduduk berada di luar ketika gempa terjadi. Seandainya gempa bumi terjadi pada malam hari atau saat jam kerja, ketika lebih banyak orang berada di dalam bangunan yang rentan, maka jumlah korban jiwa kemungkinan besar akan jauh lebih banyak.
Bangunan-bangunan di [[Situs Warisan Dunia]] [[UNESCO]] Alun-Alun Kathmandu Durbar dikabarkan runtuh,<ref name=alj/> termasuk menara Dharahara, yang dibangun pada 1832, menewaskan setidaknya 400 orang,<ref>{{cite web|title=Historic Tower Collapses In Nepal Earthquake|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/25/dharahara-tower-nepal-earthquake_n_7142484.html|website=The Huffington Post|accessdate=25 April 2015|archive-date=2017-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919054709/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/25/dharahara-tower-nepal-earthquake_n_7142484.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=Deepak Nagpal|title=LIVE: Two major quakes rattle Nepal; historic Dharahara Tower collapses, deaths reported in India|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/live-two-major-quakes-rattle-nepal-historic-dharahara-tower-collapses-deaths-reported-in-india_1584785.html|accessdate=25 April 2015|work=[[Zee News]]|date=25 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Historic Dharahara tower collapses in Kathmandu after earthquake|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-historic-dharahara-tower-collapses-in-kathmandu-after-quake-2080587|accessdate=25 April 2015|date=25 April 2015|archive-date=2023-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406084120/https://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-historic-dharahara-tower-collapses-in-kathmandu-after-quake-2080587|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/180-bodies-retrieved-from-debris-of-Nepals-historic-tower/articleshow/47051438.cms |title=180 bodies retrieved from debris of Nepal's historic tower |access-date=2015-05-14 |archive-date=2023-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424091535/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/180-bodies-retrieved-from-debris-of-nepals-historic-tower/articleshow/47051438.cms |dead-url=no }}</ref> dan Kuil Manakamana yang terletak di Gorkha.
Baris 146 ⟶ 233:
* [[Gempa bumi Nepal Mei 2015]]
* [[Gempa bumi Nepal 2023]]
* [[
== Referensi ==
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