Ortodoksi Timur: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Ortodoksi Timur''', atau dikenal sebagai '''Kristen Ortodoks Timur''' atau '''Kristen Bizantium''',<ref name="Holt 2012">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Holt |first=Andrew |title=Byzantine Christianity |year=2012 |origyear=2011 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization |location=[[Chichester, West Sussex]] |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] |doi=10.1002/9780470670606.wbecc0212 |isbn=9780470670606 |quote=Byzantine Christianity originated in the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]] where it evolved concurrently with the emerging Byzantine state. It was the dominant form of Eastern Christianity throughout the [[Middle Ages]] and during this period [[Eastern Orthodox theology|it developed a complex theological system]] with [[Eastern Orthodox worship|unique spiritual practices]]. Byzantine Christianity's fortunes were in many ways tied to the Byzantine state, because when the empire experienced expansion and heightened influence so did the faith. [...] Although [[Fall of Constantinople|the empire eventually fell]] under the weight of centuries of [[Arab–Byzantine wars|Islamic aggression]], much of Byzantine Christianity has survived in the modern [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox churches]].}}</ref> adalah salah satu dari tiga cabang utama [[Kristen Kalsedon|Kekristenan Kalsedon]], selain [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Katolik Roma]] dan [[Protestanisme|Protestan]].<ref name="McAuliffe2008">{{cite book |last=McAuliffe |first=Garrett |year=2008 |title=Culturally Alert Counseling: A Comprehensive Introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/culturallyalertc0000unse |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-4129-1006-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/culturallyalertc0000unse/page/532 532] |quote=About one-third of the world's population is considered Christian and can be divided into three main branches: (1) Roman Catholicism (the largest coherent group, representing over one billion baptized members); (2) Orthodox Christianity (including Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy); and (3) Protestantism (comprising many denominations and schools of thought, including Anglicanism, Reformed, Presbyterianism, Lutheranism, Methodism, Evangelicalism, and Pentecostalism).}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mirola |first1=William |last2=Monahan |first2=Susanne C. |title=Religion Matters: What Sociology Teaches Us About Religion In Our World |year=2016 |location=[[London]] and [[New York City]] |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-317-34451-3 |quote=Orthodox Churches represent one of the three major branches of Christianity, along with Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.}}</ref> Seperti [[Pentarki]] pada milenium pertama, [[Gereja Ortodoks Timur]] arus utama (atau "[[Hukum Kanonik Gereja Ortodoks Timur|kanonik]]") diorganisasikan menjadi gereja-gereja [[Otokefali|otosefalus]] yang independen satu sama lain. Pada abad ke-21, jumlah [[Organisasi Gereja Ortodoks|gereja otosefalus arus utama]] adalah tujuh belas; ada juga gereja-gereja otosefalus yang tidak diakui oleh gereja-gereja arus utama. Gereja otosefalus memilih [[primat]] mereka sendiri. Gereja otosefalus dapat memiliki [[Yurisdiksi gerejawi|yurisdiksi]] (otoritas) terhadap gereja lain, beberapa di antaranya berstatus “[[Otonom (Ortodoks Timur)|otonom]]” yang berarti mempunyai otonomi lebih dibandingkan [[eparki]] sederhana.