Penyakit Legionnaires: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox medical condition|name=Legionnaires' disease|synonym=Legionellosis,<ref name=pmid26231463/> legion fever|image=PMC5258191 cureus-0008-00000000937-i01.png|image_size=|alt=|caption=Chest X-ray of a severe case of legionellosis upon admission to the emergency department.|pronounce=|specialty=[[Infection|Infectious disease]], [[pulmonology]]|symptoms=Cough, [[shortness of breath]], [[fever]], [[myalgia|muscle pains]], headaches<ref name=CDC2016Sign/>|onset=2–10 days after exposure<ref name=CDC2016Sign/>|duration=|causes=[[Bacteria]] of the ''[[Legionella]]'' type (spread by contaminated [[mist]])<ref name=CDC2016Start/><ref name=CDC2016Cau/>|risks=Older age, history of smoking, [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|chronic lung disease]], [[immunosuppression|poor immune function]]<ref name=CDC2016Risk/>|diagnosis=Urinary [[antigen test]], [[sputum culture]]<ref name=CDC2016Diag/>|differential=|prevention=Good maintenance of [[water systems]]<ref name=CDC2016Pre/>|treatment=[[Antibiotic]]s<ref name=CDC2016Tx/>|medication=|prognosis=10% risk of death<ref name=CDC2016Tx/>|frequency=~13,000 severe cases a year (US)<ref name=CDC2016Epi>{{cite web |title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) History and Disease Patterns |url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/history.html |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |accessdate=21 March 2016 |date=22 January 2016 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325152025/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/history.html |archivedate=25 March 2016 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>|deaths=}}'''Penyakit Legionnaires''', atau '''legionellosis''', adalah suatu bentuk pneumonia atipikal yang terjadi karena, semua tipe jenis bakteri dari ''Legionella''. <ref name="CDC2016Start">{{Cite web|date=26 January 2016|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) About the Disease|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/index.html|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325025955/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/index.html|archive-date=25 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Batuk]], sesak, [[demam]] yang tinggi, nyeri otot, dan [[sakit kepala]] merupakan tanda gejala dari penyakit ini. <ref name="CDC2016Sign" /> Kejadian [[mual]], [[muntah]], dan [[diare]] juga bisa terjadi pada penyakit ini. <ref name="pmid26231463">{{Cite journal|date=23 January 2016|title=Legionnaires' disease|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10016|pages=376–385|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60078-2|pmid=26231463|vauthors=Cunha BA, Burillo A, Bouza E}}</ref> Kemunculannya sering kali dimulai saat 2 hingga 10 hari pasca paparan. <ref name="CDC2016Sign">{{Cite web|date=26 January 2016|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Signs and Symptoms|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/signs-symptoms.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312111315/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/signs-symptoms.html|archive-date=12 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bakteri jenis ini ditemukan umum pada [[air tawar]] . <ref name="CDC2016Cau" /> Bakteri ini bisa mencemari tempat penyimpanan air seperti tangki air panas, bak mandi air panas, dan [[menara pendingin]] [[Pengondisi udara|AC]] besar. <ref name="CDC2016Cau" /> Umumnya penyebaran penyakit ini udara seperti melalui menghirup kabut yang mengandung bakteri. <ref name="CDC2016Cau" /> Penyebarannya juga bisa terjadi saat air yang terkontaminasi masuk kedalam tubuh. <ref name="CDC2016Cau" /> Biasanya penularan penyakit ini tidak secara langsung antar manusia, dan sebagian besar orang yang terpapar tidak langsung tertular. <ref name="CDC2016Cau">{{Cite web|date=9 March 2016|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Causes and Transmission|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/causes-transmission.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325023304/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/causes-transmission.html|archive-date=25 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Usia tua, adanya riwayat merokok, PPOK dan kekebalan tubuh yang buruk menjadi risiko terinfeksinya penyakit ini. <ref name="CDC2016Risk">{{Cite web|date=26 January 2016|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) People at Risk|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/people-risk.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327031642/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/people-risk.html|archive-date=27 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 April 2018|title=Legionella: Causes, How it Spreads, and People at Increased Risk|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/causes-transmission.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325023304/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/causes-transmission.html|archive-date=25 March 2016|access-date=17 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Orang-orang penderita pneumonia berat dan orang-orang dengan penyakit pneumonia juga ada riwayat perjalanan harus melakukan uji tes antigen dari kultur dahak, dan urine. <ref name="CDC2015SymP">{{Cite web|date=28 October 2015|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Clinical Features|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians/clinical-features.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312132323/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians/clinical-features.html|archive-date=12 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="CDC2016Diag">{{Cite web|date=3 November 2015|title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Diagnostic Testing|url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians/diagnostic-testing.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312051622/http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians/diagnostic-testing.html|archive-date=12 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
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