Ketidakkekalan (Buddhisme): Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Buddhisme|dhamma}}

'''Ketidakkekalan''' ([[Pali]]: '''''anicca''';'' [[bahasa Sanskerta|Sanskerta]]: अनित्य, ''anitya''), juga dikenal sebagai '''perubahan''', merupakan suatu ajaran penting dalam [[Buddhisme]].<ref name="DavidsStede1921p3552">{{cite book|author1=Thomas William Rhys Davids|author2=William Stede|year=1921|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Guw2CnxiucC|title=Pali-English Dictionary|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-1144-7|pages=355, Article on '''Nicca'''}}</ref><ref name="gombrich47">{{cite book|author=Richard Gombrich|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jZyJAgAAQBAJ|title=Theravada Buddhism|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-90352-8|page=47}}, '''Quote:''' "All phenomenal existence [in Buddhism] is said to have three interlocking characteristics: impermanence, suffering and lack of soul or essence."</ref><ref name="buswelllopez42">{{cite book|author1=Robert E. Buswell Jr.|author2=Donald S. Lopez Jr.|year=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DXN2AAAAQBAJ|title=The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-4805-8|pages=42–43, 47, 581}}</ref> Ajaran ini menyatakan bahwa semua realitas yang berkondisi (''[[saṅkhāra]]''), tanpa kecuali, bersifat "sementara, cepat berlalu, tidak kekal".<ref name="DavidsStede1921p3552" />

Semua peristiwa fisik dan mental, menurut ajaran Buddha, muncul dan lenyap.<ref name="DavidsStede1921p3552" /><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/anicca Anicca Buddhism], Encyclopædia Britannica (2013)</ref><ref name="Billington2002p56">{{cite book|author=Ray Billington|year=2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dACFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA56|title=Understanding Eastern Philosophy|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-79348-8|pages=56–59}}</ref><ref name="buswelllopez47">{{cite book|author1=Robert E. Buswell Jr.|author2=Donald S. Lopez Jr.|year=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DXN2AAAAQBAJ|title=The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-4805-8|pages=47–48, Article on ''Anitya''}}</ref> Kehidupan manusia merupakan perwujudan dari ketidakkekalan dalam proses penuaan dan [[Saṁsāra|siklus kelahiran dan kematian]] yang berulang (''saṁsāra''); tak ada yang abadi, dan semuanya dapat rusak. Ketidakkekalan juga berlaku bagi semua makhluk dan lingkungannya, termasuk makhluk yang terlahir di [[Loka (Buddhisme)#Loka surga dan loka manusia|loka surga]] dan [[Loka (Buddhisme)#Loka kemalangan|loka neraka]].<ref name="damienkeown32">{{cite book|author=Damien Keown|year=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_QXX0Uq29aoC|title=Buddhism: A Very Short Introduction|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-966383-5|pages=32–8}}</ref><ref name="Harvey2012p46">{{cite book|author=Peter Harvey|year=2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u0sg9LV_rEgC|title=An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85942-4|pages=32–33, 38–39, 46–49}}</ref>

 

 

{{Main|Khandha}}

 

 

{{Tabel hubungan agregat}}

 

==== Hubungannya dengan ''anatta'' ====

 

[b] {{cite book|author=Brian Morris|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PguGB_uEQh4C&pg=PA51|title=Religion and Anthropology: A Critical Introduction|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85241-8|pages=51}}, '''Quote:''' "(...) anatta is the doctrine of non-self, and is an extreme empiricist doctrine that holds that the notion of an unchanging permanent self is a fiction and has no reality. According to Buddhist doctrine, the individual person consists of five skandhas or heaps - the body, feelings, perceptions, impulses and consciousness. The belief in a self or soul, over these five skandhas, is illusory and the cause of suffering."

 

==== Hubungannya dengan ''dukkha'' ====

Ketidakkekalan ini adalah sumber ''dukkha''. Sang Buddha mengajarkan bahwa karena tidak ada objek fisik atau mental yang bersifat kekal, keinginan atau keterikatan terhadap keduanya menyebabkan penderitaan (''dukkha'').

 

Selama masih ada kemelekatan terhadap hal-hal yang tidak stabil, tidak dapat diandalkan, berubah-ubah, dan tidak kekal, maka akan ada penderitaan–ketika hal-hal tersebut berubah, ketika hal-hal tersebut tidak lagi menjadi apa yang kita inginkan.

(...)

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