Deret elektrokimia: Perbedaan antara revisi

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(33 revisi perantara oleh 23 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
'''Deret elektrokimia''' atau '''deret Volta''' adalah urutan [[logam|logam-logam]] (ditambah [[hidrogen]]) berdasarkan kenaikan potensial elektrode standarnya.<ref name=Bar>Bard, A. J., Parsons, R., and Jordan, J. (1985). ''Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions'' (Marcel Dekker, New York).</ref>
{{kembangkan}}
<ref name=van>Vanýsek, Petr (2007). “Electrochemical Series”, in ''Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 88th Edition'' (Chemical Rubber Company).</ref>
'''Deret Volta''' atau '''Deret Elektrokimia''' merupakan urutan [[logam|logam-logam]] (ditambah [[hidrogen]]) berdasarkan kenaikan potensial elektroda standarnya.
<ref name=van90>Vanýsek, Petr (2009). [http://www.hbcpnetbase.com/articles/08_08_90.pdf “Electrochemical Series”]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, in [http://www.hbcpnetbase.com/ ''Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 90th Edition''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724011402/http://www.hbcpnetbase.com/ |date=2017-07-24 }} (Chemical Rubber Company).</ref>
{{cquote|Li K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Sb Bi Cu Hg Ag Pt Au}}
<ref name=Gre>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw}}</ref>
<ref name=Bar2>Bard, A.J., Faulkner, L.R.(2001). ''Electrochemical Methods. Fundamentals and Applications'', 2nd edition (John Wiley and Sons Inc).</ref>
<ref name=Pou>Marcel Pourbaix (1966). ''Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions'' (NACE International, Houston, Texas; Cebelcor, Brussels).</ref>
<ref name=Atk>Peter Atkins (1997). ''Physical Chemistry'', 6th edition (W.H. Freeman and Company, New York).</ref>
<ref name=si>Gordon Aylward & Tristan Findlay (2008). "SI Chemical Data", 6th edition (John Wiley & Sons, Australia), ISBN 978-0-470-81638-7.</ref>
 
Umumnya deret volta yang sering dipakai adalah adalah:
<blockquote>
Li K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Pt Au
</blockquote>
Pada Deret Volta, unsur logam dengan potensial elektrode lebih negatif ditempatkan di bagian kiri, sedangkan unsur dengan potensial elektrode yang lebih positif ditempatkan di bagian kanan.
 
Semakin ke kiri kedudukan suatu logam dalam deret tersebut, maka
 
* Logam semakin reaktif (semakin mudah melepas elektron)
* Logam merupakan reduktor yang semakin kuat (semakin mudah mengalami oksidasi)
 
Sebaliknya, semakin ke kanan kedudukan suatu logam dalam deret tersebut, maka
 
* Logam semakin kurang reaktif (semakin sulit melepas elektron)
Baris 17 ⟶ 26:
Salah satu metode untuk mencegah [[korosi]] antara lain dengan menghubungkan logam (misalnya [[besi]]) dengan logam yang letaknya lebih kiri dari logam tersebut dalam deret volta (misalnya [[magnesium]]) sehingga logam yang mempunyai potensial elektrode yang lebih negatif lah yang akan mengalami oksidasi. Metode pencegahan karat seperti ini disebut perlindungan katodik. Contoh lain dari perlindungan katodik adalah pipa besi, tiang telepon, dan berbagai barang lain yang dilapisi dengan [[zink]], atau disebut [[Galvanisasi]]. Zink dapat melindungi besi dari korosi sekalipun lapisannya tidak utuh. Oleh karena potensial reduksi besi lebih positif daripada zink (posisinya dalam deret Volta lebih ke kanan), maka besi yang kontak dengan zink akan membentuk sel elektrokimia dengan besi sebagai katode. Dengan demikian besi terlindungi dan zink yang mengalami oksidasi. Badan mobil-mobil baru pada umumnya telah digalvanisasi, sehingga tahan karat.
 
Larutan garam suatu logam yang berada di bagian kiri dapat bereaksi dengan logam yang berada di bagian kanan. Contohnya larutan FeCl<sub>3</sub> (''feri chloride'') boleh mengikis Cu (''copper'' / [[tembaga]]).
 
Berikut adalah deret elektrokimia lengkap, diukur pada 298,15 K (25&nbsp;°C):
{{kimia-stub}}
 
:Legenda: (''s'')–padat; (''l'')–cair; (''g'')–gas; (''aq'')–larutan; (''Hg'')–[[Amalgam (kimia)|amalgam]].
 
{| cellpadding="10" class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! [[Setengah reaksi]]
! ''E°'' (V)
! class="unsortable"|Ref.
|-style="display:none"
|& ||-9
|-style="display:none"
|Zz||9
|-class="Unicode"
| {{hs|N}}<sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub>{{hsp}}[[Nitrogen|N<sub>2</sub>]](''g'') + {{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Hydrogen azide|HN<sub>3</sub>]](''aq'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|3.09}} || <ref name=Gre/>
|-
| [[Litium|Li]]{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Li(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|3.0401}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| N<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 4{{H2O}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}[[Hydroxylamine|NH<sub>2</sub>OH]](''aq'') + 2{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|3.04}} || <ref name=Gre/>
|-
| [[Sesium|Cs]]{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Cs(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|3.026}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Rubidium|Rb]]{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Rb(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.98}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Kalium|K]]{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} K(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.931}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Barium|Ba]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ba(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.912}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Lantanium|La]](OH)<sub>3</sub>(''s'') + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} La(''s'') + 3{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.90}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Stronsium|Sr]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Sr(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.899}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Kalsium|Ca]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ca(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.868}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Europium|Eu]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Eu(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.812}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Radium|Ra]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ra(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.8}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Natrium|Na]]{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Na(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.71}} || <ref name=van/><ref name=Atk/>
|-
| [[Lantanium|La]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} La(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.379}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Yttrium|Y]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Y(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.372}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Magnesium|Mg]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Mg(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.372}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| ZrO(OH)<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + {{H2O}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} Zr(''s'') + 4{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.36}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| Al(OH)<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Al(''s'') + 4{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.33}}
|-
| Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>(''s'') + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Al(''s'') + 3{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.31}}
|-
| [[Hidrogen|H<sub>2</sub>]](''g'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}H<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.25}}
|-
| [[Aktinium|Ac]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ac(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.20}}
|-
| [[Berilium|Be]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Be(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.85}}
|-
| [[Uranium|U]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} U(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.66}} || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
| [[Aluminium|Al]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Al(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.66}} || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| [[Titanium|Ti]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ti(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.63}} || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| [[Zirkonium dioksida|ZrO<sub>2</sub>]](''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} Zr(''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.553}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Zirkonium|Zr<sup>4+</sup>]] + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} Zr(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.45}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| Ti<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ti(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.37}}|| <ref name=si/>
|-
| [[Titanium(II) oksida|TiO]](''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ti(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.31}}
|-
| [[Titanium(III) oksida|Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>]](''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}TiO(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.23}}
|-
| Zn(OH)<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Zn(''s'') + 4{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.199}}|| <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Mangan|Mn]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Mn(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.185}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Besi|Fe]](CN)<sub>6</sub><sup>4−</sup> + 6{{H+}} + 2 {{e-}} {{eqm}} Fe(''s'') + 4HCN(''aq'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.16}} || <ref name=webelements_fe>[http://www.webelements.com/iron/compounds.html WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Iron | compounds information]</ref>
|-
| [[Telurium|Te]](''s'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Te<sup>2−</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.143}} || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Vanadium|V]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} V(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.13}} || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Niobium|Nb]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Nb(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.099}}
|-
| [[Timah|Sn]](''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} SnH<sub>4</sub>(''g'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.07}}
|-
| [[Silikon dioksida|SiO]]<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} Si(''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.91}}
|-
| [[Asam borat|B(OH)]]<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + 3{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} B(''s'') + 3{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.89}}
|-
| Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Fe(''s'') + 2{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.89}} || <ref name=webelements_fe/>
|-
| Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(''s'') + 3{{H2O}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 2{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.86}} || <ref name=webelements_fe/>
|-
| TiO<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ti(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.86}}
|-
| {{hs|H}}2{{hsp}}[[air|{{H2O}}]] + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} H<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.8277}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Bismut|Bi]](''s'') + 3{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Bismuthine|BiH<sub>3</sub>]]
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.8}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Zinc|Zn]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Zn(''Hg'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.7628}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Zinc|Zn]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Zn(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.7618}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Tantalum pentoksida|Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>]](''s'') + 10{{H+}} + 10{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}[[Tantalum|Ta]](''s'') + 5{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.75}}
|-
| [[Kromium|Cr]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Cr(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.74}}
|-
| {{hs|Au}}[Au(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Gold|Au]](''s'') + 2{{hsp}}CN<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.60}}
|-
| Ta<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ta(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.6}}
|-
| PbO(''s'') + {{H2O}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pb(''s'') + 2{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.58}}
|-
| {{hs|Ti}}2{{hsp}}TiO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.56}}
|-
| [[Galium|Ga]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ga(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.53}}
|-
| U<sup>4+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} U<sup>3+</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.52}} || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
| {{hs|P }}[[Asam fosfit|H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>]](''aq'') + {{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} P(''white'')<ref name=rwP group=note /> + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.508}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| {{hs|P }}H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>(''aq'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.499}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| {{hs|P }}[[Asam fosfat|H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>]](''aq'') + 3{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} P(''red'')<ref name=rwP group=note /> + 3{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.454}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Besi|Fe]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Fe(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.44}} || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| {{hs|C}}2{{hsp}}[[Karbon dioksida|CO<sub>2</sub>]](''g'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Asam oksalat|HOOCCOOH]](''aq'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.43}}
|-
| Cr<sup>3+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Cr<sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.42}}
|-
| [[Kadmium|Cd]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Cd(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.40}} || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| [[Germanium dioksida|GeO<sub>2</sub>]](''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} GeO(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.37}}
|-
| [[Tembaga (I) oksida|Cu<sub>2</sub>O]](''s'') + {{H2O}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}Cu(''s'') + 2{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.360}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Timbal(II) sulfate|PbSO<sub>4</sub>]](''s'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Timbal|Pb]](''s'') + SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.3588}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| PbSO<sub>4</sub>(''s'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pb(''Hg'') + SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.3505}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Europium|Eu<sup>3+</sup>]] + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Eu<sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.35}} || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
| [[Indium|In]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} In(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.34}} || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Tallium|Tl]]{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Tl(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.34}} || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Germanium|Ge]](''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} GeH<sub>4</sub>(''g'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.29}}
|-
| [[Kobal|Co]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Co(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.28}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| {{hs|P }}[[Asam fosfat|H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>]](''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.276}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| V<sup>3+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} V<sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.26}} || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| [[Nikel|Ni]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ni(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.25}}
|-
| [[Arsen|As]](''s'') + 3{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Arsine|AsH<sub>3</sub>]](''g'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.23}}|| <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Perak iodida|AgI]](''s'') + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ag(''s'') + I<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.15224}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Molibdenum dioksida|MoO]]<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} Mo(''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.15}}
|-
| [[Silikon|Si]](''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} SiH<sub>4</sub>(''g'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.14}}
|-
| Sn<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Sn(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.13}}
|-
| [[Oksigen|O]]<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + {{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} HO<sub>2</sub>•(''aq'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.13}}
|-
| [[Timbal|Pb]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pb(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.13}} || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| [[Tungsten(IV) oksida|WO<sub>2</sub>]](''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Tungsten|W]](''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.12}}
|-
| [[Fosforus|P]](''red'') + 3{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Phosphine|PH<sub>3</sub>]](''g'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.111}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
|{{hs|C}} CO<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} HCOOH(''aq'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.11}}
|-
| [[Selenium|Se]](''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} H<sub>2</sub>Se(''g'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.11}}
|-
|{{hs|C}} CO<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} CO(''g'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.11}}
|-
| [[Timah(II) oksida|SnO]](''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Sn(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.10}}
|-
| [[Timah dioksida|SnO<sub>2</sub>]](''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} SnO(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.09}}
|-
| [[Tungsten(VI) oksida|WO<sub>3</sub>]](''aq'') + 6{{H+}} + 6{{e-}} {{eqm}} W(''s'') + 3{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.09}} || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Fosforus|P]](''white'') + 3{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Phosphine|PH<sub>3</sub>]](''g'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.063}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| Fe<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Fe(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.04}} || <ref name=webelements_fe/>
|-
|{{hs|C}} [[Asam format|HCOOH]](''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} HCHO(''aq'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.03}}
|- style="background-color:#d0d0FF; font-weight: bold"
|{{hs|H}} 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} H<sub>2</sub>(''g'')
|&nbsp; &nbsp;0.0000 || ≡&nbsp;0
|-
| [[Perak bromida|AgBr]](''s'') + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ag(''s'') + Br<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.07133 || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Tetrathionate|S<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub><sup>2−</sup>]] + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}[[Tiosulfat|S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>]]
|&nbsp;+0.08
|-
| [[Magnetit|Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>]](''s'') + 8{{H+}} + 8{{e-}} {{eqm}} 3{{hsp}}Fe(''s'') + 4{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.085 || <ref name=Pou/>
|-
| [[Nitrogen|N<sub>2</sub>]](''g'') + 2{{H2O}} + 6{{H+}} + 6{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}[[Amonium hidroksida|NH<sub>4</sub>OH]](''aq'')
|&nbsp;+0.092
|-
| [[Raksa(II) oksida|HgO]](''s'') + {{H2O}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Hg(''l'') + 2{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;+0.0977
|-
| Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub><sup>2+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>{{+}} + 2{{hsp}}NH<sub>3</sub>
|&nbsp;+0.10 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Rutenium|Ru(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub><sup>3+</sup>]] + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ru(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub><sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.10 || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
| [[Hidrazin|N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>]](''aq'') + 4{{H2O}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}NH<sub>4</sub>{{+}} + 4{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;+0.11 || <ref name=Gre/>
|-
|{{hs|Mo}} [[Asam molibida|H<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub>]](''aq'') + 6{{H+}} + 6{{e-}} {{eqm}} Mo(''s'') + 4{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.11
|-
| Ge<sup>4+</sup> + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ge(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.12
|-
| [[Karbon|C]](''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Metana|CH<sub>4</sub>]](''g'')
|&nbsp;+0.13 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
|{{hs|C}} [[Formaldehyde|HCHO]](''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Metanol|CH<sub>3</sub>OH]](''aq'')
|&nbsp;+0.13
|-
| [[Sulfur|S]](''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} H<sub>2</sub>S(''g'')
|&nbsp;+0.14
|-
| Sn<sup>4+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Sn<sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.15
|-
| [[Tembaga|Cu]]<sup>2+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Cu{{+}}
|&nbsp;+0.159 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
|{{hs|S}} HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + 3{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} SO<sub>2</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.16
|-
| [[Uranyl|UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>]] + {{e-}} {{eqm}} UO<sub>2</sub>{{+}}
|&nbsp;+0.163 || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
|{{hs|S}} SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> + 4{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} SO<sub>2</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.17
|-
| TiO<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ti<sup>3+</sup> + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.19
|-
| SbO{{+}} + 2{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Sb(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.20
|-
| [[Peak klorida|AgCl]](''s'') + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ag(''s'') + Cl<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.22233 || <ref name=van/>
|-
|{{hs|As}} H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + 3{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} As(''s'') + 3{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.24
|-
| GeO(''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ge(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.26
|-
| UO<sub>2</sub>{{+}} + 4{{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} U<sup>4+</sup> + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.273 || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
| [[Renium|Re]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Re(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.300
|-
| Bi<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Bi(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.308 || <ref name=van/>
|-
| VO<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} V<sup>3+</sup> + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.34
|-
| Cu<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Cu(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.340 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
|{{hs|Fe}} [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.36
|-
| O<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{H2O}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} 4{{OH-}}(''aq'')
|&nbsp;+0.40 || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
|{{hs|Mo}} H<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub> + 6{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Mo<sup>3+</sup> + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.43
|-
|{{hs|C}} CH<sub>3</sub>OH(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} CH<sub>4</sub>(''g'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.50
|-
|{{hs|S}} SO<sub>2</sub>(''aq'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} S(''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.50
|-
| Cu{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Cu(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.520 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
|{{hs|C}} [[Karbon monoksida|CO]](''g'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} C(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.52
|-
| I<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 3{{hsp}}I<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.53 || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| [[Yodium|I]]<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}I<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.54 || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
|{{hs|Au}} [AuI<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Au(''s'') + 4{{hsp}}I<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.56
|-
|{{hs|As}} H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>4</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.56
|-
|{{hs|Au}} [AuI<sub>2</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Au(''s'') + 2{{hsp}}I<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.58
|-
| MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + 2{{H2O}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} MnO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;+0.59
|-
| S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2{{hsp}}−</sup> + 6{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}S(''s'') + 3{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.60
|-
| [[Ferrosin|Fc]]{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Fc(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.641 || <ref>{{cite journal|last=Connelly|first=Neil G.|coauthors=Geiger, William E.|title=Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry|journal=Chemical Reviews|date=1 January 1996|year=1996|volume=96|issue=2|pages=877–910|doi=10.1021/cr940053x}}</ref>
|-
|{{hs|Mo}} H<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} MoO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.65
|-
|{{hs|C}} [[Berkas:1,4-Benzochinon.svg|70px|link=p-Benzoquinone]] + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Berkas:Hydrochinon2.svg|70px|link=Hydroquinone]]
|&nbsp;+0.6992 || <ref name=van/>
|-
| O<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} {{H2O}}<sub>2</sub>(''aq'')
|&nbsp;+0.70
|-
| Tl<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Tl(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.72
|-
| PtCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2−</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} PtCl<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> + 2{{hsp}}Cl<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.726 || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
|{{hs|Se}} H<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} Se(''s'') + 3{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.74
|-
| PtCl<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pt(''s'') + 4{{hsp}}Cl<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.758 || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
| Fe<sup>3+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Fe<sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.77
|-
| [[Perak|Ag]]{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ag(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.7996 || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Air raksa|Hg]]<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}Hg(''l'')
|&nbsp;+0.80
|-
|{{hs|N}} [[Nitrate|NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>]](''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Nitrogen dioksida|NO<sub>2</sub>]](''g'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.80
|-
| [[Ferrat|FeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>]] + 5{{H2O}} + 6{{e-}} {{eqm}} Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(''s'') + 10 {{OH-}}
|&nbsp;+0.81 ||<ref name=webelements_fe/>
|-
|{{hs|Au}} [AuBr<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Au(''s'') + 4{{hsp}}Br<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.85
|-
| Hg<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Hg(''l'')
|&nbsp;+0.85
|-
| MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + {{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} HMnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.90
|-
|{{hs|Hg}}2{{hsp}}Hg<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Hg<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.91 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Paladium|Pd<sup>2+</sup>]] + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pd(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.915 || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
|{{hs|Au}} [AuCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Au(''s'') + 4{{hsp}}Cl<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.93
|-
|MnO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Mn<sup>3+</sup> + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.95
|-
|{{hs|Au}}[AuBr<sub>2</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Au(''s'') + 2{{hsp}}Br<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.96
|-
|{{hs|Xe}}[HXeO<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−</sup> + 2{{H2O}} + 2{{e-}} + {{eqm}} [HXeO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + 4{{hsp}}{{OH-}}
| &nbsp;+0.99 || <ref name=webelements_xe>[http://www.webelements.com/xenon/compounds.html WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Xenon | compounds information]</ref>
|-
|{{hs|Te}}[[Asam Telurida|H<sub>6</sub>TeO<sub>6</sub>]](''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} TeO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.02||<ref name = "Cotton">{{Cotton&Wilkinson6th}}</ref>
|-
| Br<sub>2</sub>(''l'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}Br<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+1.066 || <ref name=van/>
|-
| Br<sub>2</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}Br<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+1.0873 || <ref name=van/>
|-
|{{hs|I}} IO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 5{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} HIO(''aq'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.13
|-
|{{hs|Au}} [AuCl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Au(''s'') + 2{{hsp}}Cl<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+1.15
|-
|{{hs|Se}} HSeO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + 3{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} H<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.15
|-
| Ag<sub>2</sub>O(''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}Ag(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.17
|-
| ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 2{{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} ClO<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.18
|-
| {{hs|Xe}}[HXeO<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−</sup> + 5{{H2O}} + 8 {{e-}} {{eqm}} Xe(''g'') + 11{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;+1.18 || <ref name=webelements_xe/>
|-
| [[Platinum|Pt<sup>2+</sup>]] + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pt(''s'')
|&nbsp;+1.188 || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
| ClO<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + {{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} HClO<sub>2</sub>(''aq'')
|&nbsp;+1.19
|-
|{{hs|I}} 2{{hsp}}IO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 12{{H+}} + 10{{e-}} {{eqm}} I<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 6{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.20
|-
| ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.20
|-
| O<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.229 || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| MnO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Mn<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.23
|-
|{{hs|Xe}}[HXeO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + 3{{H2O}} + 6 {{e-}} {{eqm}} Xe(''g'') + 7{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;+1.24 || <ref name=webelements_xe/>
|-
| Tl<sup>3+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Tl{{+}}
|&nbsp;+1.25
|-
| Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2−</sup> + 14{{H+}} + 6{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}Cr<sup>3+</sup> + 7{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.33
|-
| Cl<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}Cl<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+1.36 || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| CoO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Co<sup>3+</sup> + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.42
|-
|{{hs|N}} 2{{hsp}}[[Hydroxylamine|NH<sub>3</sub>O{{H+}}]] + {{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Hydrazine|N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>{{+}}]] + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.42 || <ref name=Gre/>
|-
|{{hs|I}} 2{{hsp}}HIO(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} I<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.44
|-
| Ce<sup>4+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ce<sup>3+</sup>
|&nbsp;+1.44
|-
| BrO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 5{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} HBrO(''aq'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.45
|-
|{{hs|PbO}} [[Timbal dioksida|β-PbO<sub>2</sub>]](''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pb<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.460 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
|{{hs|PbO}} α-PbO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pb<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.468 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
|{{hs|Br}} 2{{hsp}}BrO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 12{{H+}} + 10{{e-}} {{eqm}} Br<sub>2</sub>(''l'') + 6{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.48
|-
|{{hs|Cl}} 2ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 12{{H+}} + 10{{e-}} {{eqm}} Cl<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 6{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.49
|-
| MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + 8{{H+}} + 5{{e-}} {{eqm}} Mn<sup>2+</sup> + 4{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.51
|-
|{{hs|O}} HO<sub>2</sub><sup>•</sup> + {{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} {{H2O}}<sub>2</sub>(''aq'')
|&nbsp;+1.51
|-
| Au<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Au(''s'')
|&nbsp;+1.52
|-
| NiO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ni<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;+1.59
|-
|{{hs|Cl}} 2{{hsp}}HClO(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Cl<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.63
|-
| Ag<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(''s'') + 6{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}Ag{{+}} + 3{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.67
|-
|{{hs|Cl}} HClO<sub>2</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} HClO(''aq'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.67
|-
| Pb<sup>4+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pb<sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;+1.69 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[permanganat|MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>]] + 4{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[mangan(IV) oksida|MnO<sub>2</sub>]](''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.70
|-
| AgO(''s'') + 2{{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ag{{+}} + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.77
|-
|{{hs|O}} {{H2O}}<sub>2</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.78
|-
| Co<sup>3+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Co<sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;+1.82
|-
| Au{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Au(''s'')
|&nbsp;+1.83 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| BrO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} BrO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.85
|-
| Ag<sup>2+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ag{{+}}
|&nbsp;+1.98 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Peroksodisulfat|S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub><sup>2−</sup>]] + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}[[sulfate|SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>]]
|&nbsp;+2.010 || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Ozon|O<sub>3</sub>]](''g'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} O<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+2.075 || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
|{{hs|Mn}} HMnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + 3{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} MnO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+2.09
|-
| XeO<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + 6{{H+}} + 6 {{e-}} {{eqm}} Xe(''g'') + 3{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+2.12 || <ref name=webelements_xe/>
|-
|{{hs|Xe}}H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(''aq'') + 8{{H+}} + 8 {{e-}} {{eqm}} Xe(''g'') + 6 {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+2.18 || <ref name=webelements_xe/>
|-
| FeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> + 3{{e-}} + 8{{H+}} {{eqm}} Fe<sup>3+</sup> + 4{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+2.20 || <ref name=wou>[http://www.wou.edu/las/physci/ch412/redox.htm Redox Reactions, Western Oregon University website]</ref>
|-
| XeF<sub>2</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Xe(''g'') + 2HF(''aq'')
|&nbsp;+2.32 || <ref name=webelements_xe/>
|-
|{{hs|Xe}}H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} XeO<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+2.42 || <ref name=webelements_xe/>
|-
| [[Fluor|F]]<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}F<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+2.87 || <ref name=Bar/><ref name=Atk/>
|-
| F<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}HF(''aq'')
|&nbsp;+3.05 || <ref name=Bar/>
|}
{{reflist|group=note|refs=
<ref name=rwP group=note>Not specified in the indicated reference, but assumed due to the difference between the value −0.454 and that computed by (2×−0.499 + −0.508) ÷ 3 = −0.502 exactly matching the difference between the values for white and red phosphorus in equilibrium with PH<sub>3</sub>.</ref>
}}
 
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Proteksi katodik]]
* [[Korosi galvanik]]
* [[Karat]]
* [[Pencegahan karat]]
* [[Proses Sendzimir]]
* [[Galvanisasi]] atau electroplating
* [[Redoks]]
 
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
 
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Kategori:Kimia]]
 
 
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[[ja:標準電位]]
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