Trilaksana: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Faredoka (bicara | kontrib)
Tiga karakteristik: -permanen +kekal
Faredoka (bicara | kontrib)
Tanpa atma: -permanen +kekal
 
Baris 56:
{{Main|Anatta}}
 
''[[Anatta]]'' (Sanskerta: ''anatman'') mengacu pada tanpa-atma, yaitu tidak adanya hakikat yang permanenkekal dalam sesuatu atau fenomena, termasuk makhluk hidup.<ref name="britannicaanatta">[http://www.britannica.com/topic/anatta Anatta Buddhism], Encyclopædia Britannica (2013).</ref><ref>[a] {{cite book|author=Christmas Humphreys|year=2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3rYtmCZEIEC|title=Exploring Buddhism|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-22877-3|pages=42–3}}
 
[b] {{cite book|author=Brian Morris|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PguGB_uEQh4C&pg=PA51|title=Religion and Anthropology: A Critical Introduction|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85241-8|page=51|quote=(...) anatta is the doctrine of non-self, and is an extreme empiricist doctrine that holds that the notion of an unchanging permanent self is a fiction and has no reality. According to Buddhist doctrine, the individual person consists of five skandhas or heaps - the body, feelings, perceptions, impulses and consciousness. The belief in a self or soul, over these five skandhas, is illusory and the cause of suffering.}}
Baris 64:
Sementara ''anicca'' dan ''dukkha'' berlaku untuk "semua fenomena yang terkondisi" (''saṅkhārā''), ''anatta'' memiliki cakupan yang lebih luas karena berlaku untuk semua ''dhamma'' tanpa kualifikasi "terkondisi, tidak terkondisi".<ref name="Gombrich2008p209">{{cite book|author1=Richard Francis Gombrich|author2=Cristina Anna Scherrer-Schaub|year=2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7_Rea05eAMC|title=Buddhist Studies|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-3248-0|pages=209, for context see pp. 195–223}}</ref> Jadi, [[Nirwana]], sebagai realitas yang tidak terkondisi, juga merupakan keadaan bukan-Diri atau ''anatta''.<ref name="Gombrich2008p209" /> Frasa "''sabbe dhamma anatta''" mencakup [[Khandha|''khandha'']] (kelompok agregat, tumpukan) yang menyusun makhluk apa pun, dan keyakinan atas adanya "keakuan" adalah kesombongan yang harus disadari sebagai sesuatu yang tidak kekal dan tanpa substansi, untuk mengakhiri semua ''dukkha''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Joaquín Pérez Remón|year=1980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OQ6svBmxAhEC|title=Self and Non-self in Early Buddhism|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-90-279-7987-2|pages=218–222, 234}}</ref>
 
Ajaran ''anattā'' menolak adanya sesuatu yang permanenkekal dalam diri seseorang yang dapat disebut Diri atau Roh; dan bahwa kepercayaan terhadap Diri atau Roh adalah sumber ''dukkha''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter Harvey|year=2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u0sg9LV_rEgC|title=An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85942-4|pages=57–62}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Peter Harvey|year=2015|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_lmCgAAQBAJ|title=A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-119-14466-3|editor=Steven M. Emmanuel|pages=34–37}}</ref> Namun, beberapa tradisi dan cendekiawan Buddhis menafsirkan bahwa ajaran ''anatta'' hanya berlaku untuk [[Khandha|lima kelompok unsur kehidupan]] dan bukan sebagai kebenaran universal, meskipun Buddha menegaskan hal ini dalam [[Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta|diskursus pertama-Nya]].<ref name="Selves">"Selves & Not-self: The Buddhist Teaching on Anatta", by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. Access to Insight (Legacy Edition), 30 November 2013, http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/selvesnotself.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204143026/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/selvesnotself.html|date=2013-02-04}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bhikkhu|first=Thanissaro|title=There is no self.|url=https://tricycle.org/magazine/there-no-self/|work=Tricycle: The Buddhist Review|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819114904/https://tricycle.org/magazine/there-no-self/|archive-date=2018-08-19|access-date=2018-08-19|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Thepyanmongkol|first=Phra|date=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=juEsJjocNJoC&q=Some+translate+the+phrase+sabbe+dhamma+literally+as+%22all+phenomena%22+(both+compound+and+non-compound).+This+is+not+true.+According+to+Lord+Buddha's+Teaching+in+the+Dhammapada+Pali+text,+as+interpreted+by+the+original+arahant+commentators+and+by+the+most+recent+translators+(Carter+and+Palihawadana+1987)+2,+the+words+sabbe+dhamma|title=The Heart of Dhammakaya Meditation|publisher=Wat Luang Phor Sodh|isbn=9789748097534|pages=12|language=en}}</ref> Sarjana studi agama Alexander Wynne menyebut ''anatta'' sebagai ajaran “bukan-diri” alih-alih “tanpa-diri”.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Wynne|first=Alexander|date=2009|title=Early Evidence for the 'no self' doctrine?|url=http://ocbs.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/awynne2009atijbs.pdf|journal=Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies|pages=63–64|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602145336/http://ocbs.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/awynne2009atijbs.pdf|archive-date=2017-06-02|access-date=2017-04-22|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
== Penerapan ==