Malcolm Turnbull: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 67:
Setelah menjabat sebagai menteri di kabinet [[pemerintahan Howard]], Turnbull [[pemilihan ketua Partai Liberal Australia 2008|diangkat]] sebagai Ketua Partai Liberal sekaligus [[Daftar ketua oposisi Australia|Ketua Oposisi]] pada September 2008. Pada November 2009, Partai Liberal terbelah setelah ia meminta partai mendukung [[Skema Pengurangan Polusi Karbon]] yang diusung oleh [[Partai Buruh Australia|pemerintahan Partai Buruh]]. Dalam [[pemilihan ketua Partai Liberal Australia 2009|pemilihan ketua partai]] bulan Desember, Turnbull dikalahkan oleh [[Tony Abbott]] dengan selisih satu suara. Walaupun sempat memikirkan untuk meninggalkan dunia politik, Turnbull memilih untuk melanjutkan karirnya dan kemudian dilantik oleh Abbott sebagai [[Menteri Komunikasi Australia]] setelah kemenangan [[Koalisi Liberal/Nasional]] di [[pemilihan umum federal Australia 2013]]. Turnbull menjabat sebagai [[Menteri Komunikasi (Australia)|Menteri Komunikasi]] di kabinet [[pemerintahan Abbott]] sejak 2013 sampai September 2015.
Setelah mengamati hasil survei yang tidak menguntungkan koalisi pemerintahan, ia kemudian mengundurkan diri untuk merebut jabatan ketua partai dari Abbott. Dalam [[pemilihan ketua Partai Liberal Australia September 2015|pemilihan ketua 2015]], Turnbull mengalahkan Abbott dengan perolehan 54 suara versus 44 suara. Ia kemudian dilantik sebagai perdana menteri pada hari yang sama. [[Pemerintahan Turnbull]] menginisiasi program Agenda Nasional Inovasi dan Sains sebagai kebijakan ekonomi pentingnya, mendorong pendidikan [[STEM]], menambah [[modal ventura]] untuk [[perusahaan rintisan]] dan meluncurkan "boom ide".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Borrello|first1=Eliza|date=7 December 2015|title=Innovation statement: PM Malcolm Turnbull calls for 'ideas boom' as he unveils $1b vision for Australia's future|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-07/pm-malcolm-turnbull-unveils-$1-billion-innovation-program/7006952|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108110037/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-07/pm-malcolm-turnbull-unveils-$1-billion-innovation-program/7006952|archive-date=8 November 2020|access-date=20 October 2020|website=ABC News|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull juga meluncurkan "penawaran kota" dengan pemerintah lokal dan negara bagian untuk meningkatkan hasil perencanaan dan mendorong investasi ke dalam beberapa proyek infrastruktur seperti [[Bandara Udara Sydney Barat]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dole|first1=Nick|date=24 March 2016|title=UK 'city deals' model to be adapted for Australia under Malcolm Turnbull's cities plan|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-25/uk-city-model-to-be-adapted-for-australia/7276252|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108091843/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-25/uk-city-model-to-be-adapted-for-australia/7276252|archive-date=8 November 2020|access-date=20 October 2020|website=ABC News|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada 2016, Turnbull memimpin Koalisi atas kemenangan tipis di [[Pemilihan umum federal Australia 2016|pemilihan pembubaran ganda]].<ref name="lead2">{{cite web|title=Party representation – 2016 Tally Room: AEC|url=http://vtr.aec.gov.au/HousePartyRepresentationLeading-20499.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720071728/http://vtr.aec.gov.au/HousePartyRepresentationLeading-20499.htm|archive-date=20 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pada masa jabatan keduanya, Turnbull menginisiasi dan berkampanye plebisit perkawinan sesama jenis dimana ia secara aktif berkampanye untuk opsi "Ya" yang menang di plebisit tersebut. Turnbull juga mengumumkan Snowy Hydro 2.0, perluasan besar-besaran dari Snowy Mountains Scheme sebagai komponen kunci dalam memungkinkan transisi ke [[energi terbarukan]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Coorey|first1=Phillip|date=15 March 2017|title=Federal government to pour $2 billion into major Snowy Hydro expansion|url=https://www.afr.com/politics/federal-government-to-pour-2bn-into-major-snowy-hydro-expansion-20170315-guyo3r|website=Australian Financial Review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020013737/https://www.afr.com/politics/federal-government-to-pour-2bn-into-major-snowy-hydro-expansion-20170315-guyo3r|archive-date=20 October 2021|access-date=20 October 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada akhir tahun 2017, pemerintah mengalami [[Krisis eligibilitas Parlemen Australia 2017-18|krisis kelayakan parlemen]] yang menyebabkan lima belas anggota parlemen terpaksa keluar dari Parlemen karena kekhawatiran mengenai [[kewarganegaraan ganda]].
Untuk mengatasi perubahan iklim dan mereformasi kebijakan energi, pada Agustus 2018 Turnbull mengusulkan [[Jaminan Energi Nasional]]. Meski awalnya disetujui Kabinet, kebijakan tersebut akhirnya ditolak oleh majelis partai. Hal ini, ditambah dengan jajak pendapat yang buruk, menyebabkan [[Peter Dutton]] menantang Turnbull untuk kepemimpinan Liberal. Meskipun Turnbull mengalahkan Dutton di ruang partai, mayoritas anggota parlemen menuntut tumpahan kedua, namun Turnbull tidak menentangnya. Pada 24 Agustus 2018, [[Scott Morrison]] mengalahkan Dutton dan [[Julie Bishop]] dalam kontes tersebut, dan menggantikan Turnbull sebagai perdana menteri. Turnbull mengundurkan diri dari Parlemen, memicu pemilihan sela di bekas kursinya di Wentworth.<ref name="Mizen-20182">{{cite news|last=Mizen|first=Ronald|date=31 August 2018|title=Malcolm Turnbull formally resigns, forces byelection|url=https://www.afr.com/news/politics/election/malcolm-turnbull-formally-resigns-forces-byelection-20180831-h14rte?|newspaper=[[Australian Financial Review]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831101658/https://www.afr.com/news/politics/election/malcolm-turnbull-formally-resigns-forces-byelection-20180831-h14rte|archive-date=31 August 2018|access-date=31 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Partai Liberal kalah dalam pemilihan sela dari kandidat independen [[Kerryn Phelps]], yang mengakibatkan Koalisi kehilangan mayoritas absolutnya di Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat.
Sejak pensiun dari dunia politik, Turnbull telah menjadi penasihat Kasada, sebuah perusahaan rintisan [[keamanan siber]] Australia.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Eyers|first1=James|date=22 June 2020|title=Turnbull joins Kasada board, touts Huawei foresight|url=https://www.afr.com/technology/turnbull-joins-kasada-board-touts-huawei-foresight-20200621-p554s1|website=Australian Financial Review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022183057/https://www.afr.com/technology/turnbull-joins-kasada-board-touts-huawei-foresight-20200621-p554s1|archive-date=22 October 2020|access-date=20 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Dia kritis terhadap arah Partai Liberal, dan bergabung dengan mantan lawannya [[Kevin Rudd]] dalam mengkritik dominasi [[News Corp (2013-sekarang)|News Corp]] milik [[Rupert Murdoch]] dalam debat politik Australia.
Baris 76 ⟶ 78:
Setelah menghabiskan 3 tahun pertama di [[Sekolah Umum Vaucluse]] dia mulai bersekolah di Sydney Grammar School di St Ives. Turnbull menulis bahwa dia benci sekolah berasrama, karena dia diintimidasi karena mengompol.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 12-13</ref> Bruce, yang kini menjadi ayah tunggal, kesulitan membayar biaya sekolah, menyebabkan banyak surat dikirim ke kediaman Turnbull dari bendahara sekolah.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 14</ref> Masalah keuangan ini memaksa keluarga Turnbull untuk pindah dari Vaucluse ke sebuah flat kecil di Double Bay, tempat mereka tinggal tanpa banyak perabotan.<ref>Turnbull (2020) p. 14-15</ref> Turnbull kemudian mulai bersekolah di kampus sekolah menengah Grammar di College Street, dengan beasiswa parsial.<ref>{{cite web|last=Manning|first=Paddy|date=23 October 2015|title=The lonely childhood of Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/the-lonely-childhood-of-prime-minister-malcolm-turnbull-20151022-gkfi6c.html|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018060320/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/the-lonely-childhood-of-prime-minister-malcolm-turnbull-20151022-gkfi6c.html|archive-date=18 October 2017|access-date=25 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Selama ini dia tinggal di bekas fasilitas asrama sekolah Randwick.<ref name="Clune-2013">{{cite web|last=Clune|first=Richard|date=1 March 2013|title=GQ&A with Malcolm Turnbull|url=https://www.gq.com.au/life/people/gq+a+with+malcolm+turnbull,22392|work=GQ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234610/http://www.gq.com.au/life/people/gq+a+with+malcolm+turnbull,22392|archive-date=30 December 2013|access-date=19 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography|url=http://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/meet-malcolm/biography|publisher=Malcolm Turnbull MP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114145953/http://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/meet-malcolm/biography|archive-date=14 January 2014|access-date=29 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Q&A">{{cite web|date=20 December 2018|title=Panellist: Malcolm Turnbull|url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/qanda/txt/s2926624.htm|work=Q&A|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102024559/http://www.abc.net.au/tv/qanda/txt/s2926624.htm|archive-date=2 January 2014|access-date=29 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Overington-2008">{{cite news|last1=Overington|first1=Caroline|author-link1=Caroline Overington|last2=Madden|first2=James|date=17 September 2008|title=I'm no silvertail, says new leader Malcolm Turnbull|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/politics/im-no-silvertail-says-new-leader/story-e6frgczf-1111117505479|newspaper=The Australian|publisher=News Limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812064708/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/politics/im-no-silvertail-says-new-leader/story-e6frgczf-1111117505479|archive-date=12 August 2016|access-date=29 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Juga selama ini Bruce menikah lagi, dan bisnisnya terus berkembang. Keluarga Turnbull pindah ke sebuah apartemen besar di Point Piper, dan tekanan biaya sekolah berkurang.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 19</ref> Meskipun ahli matematika biasa-biasa saja, Turnbull unggul dalam bahasa Yunani, Inggris, dan Sejarah, dan bergabung dengan klub debat dan drama, di mana ia memenangkan Kompetisi Oratorium Lawrence Campbell dan masing-masing membintangi sejumlah drama [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]].<ref name="Paddy Manning" /><ref name="Clune-2013" /><ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 19-21</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Tovey|first=Josephine|date=16 December 2013|title=HSC results: Malcolm Turnbull recalls the day he received his results as wait for NSW students is almost over|url=http://www.turfcraft.com.au/news/metro/national/education/hsc-results-malcolm-turnbull-recalls-the-day-he-received-his-results-as-wait-for-nsw-students-is-almost-over/2681908.aspx?storypage=0|publisher=Turf Craft|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131229122011/http://www.turfcraft.com.au/news/metro/national/education/hsc-results-malcolm-turnbull-recalls-the-day-he-received-his-results-as-wait-for-nsw-students-is-almost-over/2681908.aspx?storypage=0|archive-date=29 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dia diangkat menjadi wakil kapten sekolah menengah atas pada tahun 1972,<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 22</ref> namun, bertentangan dengan sumber tertentu, Turnbull bukanlah yang terbaik pada tahun kelulusannya di Sydney Grammar.<ref name="Overington-2008" /><ref name="McNicoll-2008">{{cite news|last=McNicoll|first=D. D.|date=19 September 2008|title=Dux-hunting season|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/dux-hunting-season/story-e6frg6n6-1111117522477|work=The Australian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522082637/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/dux-hunting-season/story-e6frg6n6-1111117522477|archive-date=22 May 2014|access-date=29 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada tahun 1987, untuk mengenang mendiang ayahnya, ia mendirikan beasiswa Bruce Turnbull di Sydney Grammar, yang menawarkan remisi penuh biaya kepada siswa yang tidak mampu membayarnya.<ref name="Q&A" />
Pada tahun 1973, Turnbull kuliah di [[Universitas Sydney]], lulus dengan gelar Bachelor of Arts di bidang ilmu politik pada tahun 1977 dan Bachelor of Laws pada tahun 1978.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malcolm Turnbull's Life and Career at a Glance|url=http://www.businessreviewaustralia.com/leadership/2016/Malcolm-Turnbull's-Life-and-Career-at-a-Glance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510072200/http://www.businessreviewaustralia.com/leadership/2016/Malcolm-Turnbull's-Life-and-Career-at-a-Glance|archive-date=10 May 2017|access-date=20 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="smhrise2">{{cite web|date=16 September 2008|title=The rise and rise of Malcolm Turnbull – National – smh.com.au|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/the-rise-and-rise-of-malcolm-turnbull/2008/09/16/1221330800769.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712125146/http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/the-rise-and-rise-of-malcolm-turnbull/2008/09/16/1221330800769.html|archive-date=12 July 2016|access-date=20 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Fell|first=Liz|author-link=Elizabeth Fell|date=2011|title=Malcolm Turnbull: A feisty interview with the Shadow Minister|url=https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/items/8e19d297-67ac-45e7-8f9f-d4565b67221f/1/|journal=Telecommunications Journal of Australia|volume=61|pages=2.1–2.10|doi=10.7790/tja.v61i1.191|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217010152/https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/8e19d297-67ac-45e7-8f9f-d4565b67221f/1/tja_2011_vol61_no1_02-fell.pdf|archive-date=17 February 2024|url-status=live|number=1|hdl=1959.3/455311|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://sydney.edu.au/news/84.html?newsstoryid=12344|title=University of Sydney welcomes alumni to Cabinet|first=Kirsten|last=Andrews|publisher=University of Sydney|date=16 September 2013|access-date=29 December 2013|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235118/http://sydney.edu.au/news/84.html?newsstoryid=12344|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull menulis untuk surat kabar sekolah, [[Honi Soit|''Honi Soit'']], sebagian besar menulis tentang politik.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 24</ref> Turnbull juga mengunjungi mantan [[Daftar Perdana Menteri New South Wales|Perdana Menteri New South Wales]] [[Jack Lang]], berdiskusi mengenai keadaan politik tahun 1920an dan 1930an.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 25</ref> Selama masa studinya, ia terlibat dalam politik mahasiswa, menjabat sebagai direktur dewan Universitas Sydney Union dan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Mahasiswa.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jonscher|first=Samantha|date=22 September 2015|title=Peculiar Turnbullisms: Malcolm At Sydney Uni – Honi Soit|url=http://honisoit.com/2015/09/peculiar-turnbullisms-malcolm-at-sydney-uni/|publisher=[[Honi Soit]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222120359/http://honisoit.com/2015/09/peculiar-turnbullisms-malcolm-at-sydney-uni/|archive-date=22 December 2015|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Liz Hannan|title=Presidency a predictor of future political success|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/presidency-a-predictor-of-future-political-success-20120914-25xoq.html|publisher=Smh.com.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111134802/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/presidency-a-predictor-of-future-political-success-20120914-25xoq.html|archive-date=11 November 2016|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Ia juga bekerja paruh waktu sebagai jurnalis politik untuk ''[[Nation Review]]'', [[Radio 2SM]] dan [[Channel 9 (Australia)|Channel 9]], yang meliput politik negara.<ref name="smhrise2" /> Sekitar waktu ini, Turnbull akan bertemu dengan pengusaha Kerry Packer, yang kemudian dia lakukan pekerjaan hukum yang ekstensif.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 28-29</ref>
Pada tahun 1978, Turnbull memenangkan Beasiswa Rhodes dan kuliah di Brasenose College, Oxford, di mana ia belajar sebentar untuk mendapatkan gelar bisnis sebelum beralih ke gelar pascasarjana Sarjana Hukum Perdata dari tahun 1978 hingga 1980, dan lulus dengan pujian.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rhodes scholars|url=http://sydney.edu.au/alumni/our-alumni/recognition/rhodes-scholars.shtml|publisher=University of Sydney|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231001253/http://sydney.edu.au/alumni/our-alumni/recognition/rhodes-scholars.shtml|archive-date=31 December 2013|access-date=29 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 36</ref> Selama di Oxford, dia bekerja untuk ''[[The Sunday Times (Britania Raya)|The Sunday Times]]'' dan berkontribusi pada surat kabar dan majalah di Amerika Serikat dan Australia.<ref>{{cite news|last=Daley|first=Paul|date=21 September 2008|title=Team Kevin rattled as Malcolm eyes the middle|url=http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/team-kevin-rattled-as-malcolm-eyes-the-middle-20080920-4kmx.html|work=The Age|location=Melbourne|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216121414/http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/team-kevin-rattled-as-malcolm-eyes-the-middle-20080920-4kmx.html|archive-date=16 December 2008|access-date=27 April 2010|url-status=live}}{{better source needed|date=June 2024|reason=No mentions of The Sunday Times found, use another source or quote this one properly.}}</ref> Ia berteman dengan perdana menteri Britania Raya masa depan [[Theresa May]] yang memuji Turnbull karena mendorong suaminya [[Philip May]] untuk melamarnya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bryant|first=Nick|date=2023-06-22|title=The prime minister factory: How a UK uni is shaping Australian life|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/the-prime-minister-factory-why-is-a-uk-uni-shaping-australian-life-20230518-p5d9h9.html|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826214609/https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/the-prime-minister-factory-why-is-a-uk-uni-shaping-australian-life-20230518-p5d9h9.html|archive-date=26 August 2023|access-date=2023-08-26|quote=As a law student at Oxford in the late 1970s, Malcolm Turnbull befriended the future Conservative prime minister Theresa May. Indeed, she credits Turnbull for nudging her husband, Philip, another Oxford contemporary, into proposing.|url-access=registration|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull juga menemukan bakal istrinya, [[Lucy Hughes]] pada masa kuliahnya.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 38</ref> Selama masa Turnbull di Oxford, seorang don universitas menulis tentang dia bahwa dia "selalu akan memasuki ruangan kehidupan tanpa mengetuk pintu".<ref>{{cite news|date=19 September 2015|title=Turnbull's turn|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21665053-yet-another-prime-minister-removed-and-assassin-malcolm-turnbull-promises|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|location=Sydney|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220718124027/https://www.economist.com/asia/2015/09/19/turnbulls-turn|archive-date=18 July 2022|quote=In the late 1970s Mr Turnbull was a Rhodes scholar at Oxford, where a don wrote of him that he was “always going to enter life’s rooms without knocking”. Back in Australia he made his name as a lawyer and a fortune as a banker and IT entrepreneur.|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
Baris 159 ⟶ 161:
=== Pembentukan kabinet ===
Malcolm Turnbull mengumumkan reshuffle ekstensif terhadap Kabinet pada 20 September 2015. Di reshuffle ekstensif tersebut, ia memecat [[Joe Hockey]], [[Eric Abetz]], [[Ian Macfarlane]], [[Kevin Andrews]], [[Michael Ronaldson]] dan [[Bruce Billson]], menambahkan jumlah anggota yang berhaluan liberal dan mengurangi anggota yang berhaluan konservatif. Jumlah menteri wanita kemudian ditambah menjadi 5 orang dibandingkan 2 pada Kabinet Abbott, dan [[Marise Payne]] diangkat sebagai [[Menteri Pertahanan Australia]] perempuan pertama. Jumlah menteri kabinet kemudian ditambah dari 19 menjadi 21.<ref name="Murphy, Katharine">{{cite news|author=Murphy, Katharine|date=20 September 2015|title=Malcolm Turnbull unveils his ministry – politics live|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2015/sep/20/malcolm-turnbull-unveils-his-ministry-politics-live|work=The Guardian|location=Australia|access-date=20 September 2015}}</ref> Selain memegang portfolio Kesehatan dan Olahraga yang ia pegang pada masa pemerintahan Abbott, [[Sussan Ley]] dilantik sebagai Menteri Perawatan Usia Lanjut.<ref>{{cite news|author=Lee, Jane|date=30 September 2015|title=Aged care: Health Minister Sussan Ley picks up extra portfolio|url=https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/aged-care-health-minister-sussan-ley-to-pick-up-extra-portfolio-20150930-gjy248.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="sbsministrylist2015">{{cite news|date=20 September 2015|title=Turnbull's new ministry: The full list|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2015/09/20/new-turnbull-ministry-full-list|work=SBS News|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref> Mengenai perbedaan kebijakan utama Turnbull dengan Abbott, khususnya [[perubahan iklim]], [[Republikanisme di Australia|republikanisme]], dan pernikahan sesama jenis, ia menyatakan bahwa tidak akan ada perubahan langsung sebelum pemilu apapun.<ref>{{cite news|last=Condie|first=Stuart|date=16 September 2015|title=Why Malcolm Turnbull will end up disappointing many voters: News.com.au 16 September 2015|url=http://www.news.com.au/finance/work/why-malcolm-turnbull-will-end-up-disappointing-many-voters/story-fn5tas5k-1227529581264|publisher=[[News.com.au]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113164255/http://www.news.com.au/finance/work/why-malcolm-turnbull-will-end-up-disappointing-many-voters/story-fn5tas5k-1227529581264|archive-date=13 November 2015|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nationals berhasil menegosiasikan kesepakatan senilai total $4 miliar dari Turnbull, serta kendali atas portofolio air, sebagai imbalan atas kelanjutan perjanjian Koalisi.<ref>{{cite news|author=Lenore Taylor|date=16 September 2015|title=Turnbull's so-called $4bn bribe to Nationals more wishes than fulfilment: The Guardian 16 September 2015|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/sep/16/turnbulls-so-called-4bn-bribe-to-nationals-more-wishes-than-fulfilment|newspaper=The Guardian Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114180055/http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/sep/16/turnbulls-so-called-4bn-bribe-to-nationals-more-wishes-than-fulfilment|archive-date=14 January 2016|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/malcolm-turnbulls-4-billion-deal-with-the-nationals-to-guarantee-coalition-unity/story-fni0cx12-1227529393979 "Malcolm Turnbull's $4 billion deal with the Nationals to guarantee Coalition unity"], ''Daily Telegraph'', 15 September 2015.</ref> Turnbull menyatakan bahwa dia tidak akan memimpin pemerintahan yang tidak menganggap serius perubahan iklim.<ref>{{cite web|date=18 July 2016|title=Hunt goes in energy-environment merger, climate denier to head resources|url=http://reneweconomy.com.au/2016/hunt-goes-in-energy-environment-merger-climate-denier-to-head-resources-58202|work=Renew Economy.com.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719131517/http://reneweconomy.com.au/2016/hunt-goes-in-energy-environment-merger-climate-denier-to-head-resources-58202|archive-date=19 July 2016|access-date=18 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Masa jabatan pertama (2015–2016) ===
Baris 195 ⟶ 197:
=== Pemilihan umum federal 2016 ===
[[File:Malcolm_Turnbull_visits_Peter_Cosgrove_to_request_double_dissolution.jpg|pra=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/File:Malcolm_Turnbull_visits_Peter_Cosgrove_to_request_double_dissolution.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Turnbull mengunjungi [[Peter Cosgrove]] untuk menyarankannya untuk melakukan pembubaran ganda [[Parlemen Australia]] agar pemilihan umum kedua lembaga legislatif dilaksanakan]]
Pada 21 Maret 2016, Turnbull mengumumkan bahwa bahwa [[Dewan Perwakilan Australia|Parlemen]] akan mempertimbangkan rancangan undang-undang untuk mengembalikan [[Komisi Pembangunan dan Konstruksi Australia]] (ABCC), setelah sebelumnya rancangan undang-undang tersebut ditolak dua kali. Turnbull menyatakan jika [[Senat Australia|Senat]] menolak rancangan undang-undang tersebut untuk ketiga kalinya, ia akan menyarankan gubernur jenderal, [[Peter Cosgrove|Sir Peter Cosgrove]], untuk mengadakan [[pembubaran ganda]] Parlemen dan pemilihan umum federal pada tanggal 2 Juli. Turnbull juga mempercepat penyampaian anggaran federal dari tanggal 10 menjadi 3 Mei untuk memfasilitasi hal ini.<ref name="aprilrecall">{{cite news|date=21 March 2016|title=Malcolm Turnbull recalls Parliament for April 18 sitting ahead of early election|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/malcolm-turnbull-recalls-parliament-for-april-18-sitting-ahead-of-early-election-20160320-gnmy2v.html|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321173013/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/malcolm-turnbull-recalls-parliament-for-april-18-sitting-ahead-of-early-election-20160320-gnmy2v.html|archive-date=21 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada tanggal 18 April, Senat sekali lagi menolak rancangan undang-undang untuk mengembalikan ABCC. Pada tanggal 8 Mei, Turnbull mengunjungi [[Government House, Canberra|Government House]] untuk menyarankan Cosgrove agar mengeluarkan surat perintah pembubaran ganda pada tanggal 9 Mei; hal ini menegaskan tanggal pemilihan umum pada tanggal 2 Juli 2016.<ref>{{cite web|date=8 May 2016|title=It's official: Malcolm Turnbull confirms Australia will go to the polls on July 2|url=http://www.9news.com.au/National/2016/05/08/08/46/Prime-Minister-Malcolm-Turnbull-set-to-seek-double-dissolution-election|work=Ninemsn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515013249/http://www.9news.com.au/national/2016/05/08/08/46/prime-minister-malcolm-turnbull-set-to-seek-double-dissolution-election|archive-date=15 May 2016|access-date=5 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
Baris 202 ⟶ 204:
Turnbull berhasil memenangkan pemilu tersebut, namun kehilangan 14 kursi parlemen untuk pemerintahan mayoritas absolut. Pemerintah Turnbull tetap mempertahankan mayoritas dengan hanya 1 kursi.<ref>{{cite web|date=10 July 2016|title='It's vital this parliament works': Turnbull claims election win|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-10/election-2016-malcolm-turnbull-claims-election-victory/7584400|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710102231/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-10/election-2016-malcolm-turnbull-claims-election-victory/7584400|archive-date=10 July 2016|access-date=20 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Hasil ini adalah hasil yang ketat sejak [[pemilihan umum federal Australia 1961]]. Pada hari-hari setelah pemilihan, ketika hasilnya masih belum pasti, Turnbull harus bernegosiasi dengan kubu lintas partai untuk mendapatkan kepercayaan dan memberikan dukungan dari [[Bob Katter]], [[Andrew Wilkie]], dan [[Cathy McGowan]] jika terjadi [[parlemen gantung]] dan [[pemerintahan minoritas]] yang dihasilkan.<ref name="Massola-2016">{{cite web|last=Massola|first=James|date=8 July 2016|title='Back within the year': Bill Shorten predicts second election|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/federal-election-2016/election-results-bill-shorten-predicts-second-poll-as-cathy-mcgowan-offers-coaltion-support-20160708-gq1f9m.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712193224/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/federal-election-2016/election-results-bill-shorten-predicts-second-poll-as-cathy-mcgowan-offers-coaltion-support-20160708-gq1f9m.html|archive-date=12 July 2016|access-date=11 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada 2017, Turnbull mengonfirmasikan bahwa ia sendiri mendanai A$1.75 juta kepada kampanye Partai Liberal.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-01/turnbull-admits-donating-1.75-million-to-election-campaign/8233244 Turnbull admits donating $1.75 million to election campaign] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201233201/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-01/turnbull-admits-donating-1.75-million-to-election-campaign/8233244|date=1 February 2017}} ''ABC News'' 1 February 2017</ref>
===
==== Kebijakan pencari suaka ====
[[File:Donald_Trump_and_Malcolm_Turnbull_2017.jpg|pra=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_and_Malcolm_Turnbull_2017.jpg|jmpl|Turnbull dan Presiden Amerika Serikat [[Donald Trump]] di [[Kota New York]], Mei 2017]]
Kebijakan pencari suaka merupakan isu yang kontroversial dalam politik Australia, terutama sejak peristiwa Tampa. Melanjutkan sikap bipartisan Operasi Perbatasan Berdaulat telah menjadi garis depan kebijakan pencari suaka Koalisi. Sekitar 1.250 pencari suaka masih berada di pusat pemrosesan lepas pantai di [[Pulau Manus]] dan [[Nauru]]. Pada bulan Agustus 2016, para pengunjuk rasa menyerukan penutupan kamp-kamp di Manus dan Nauru<ref>{{cite news|last=Davidson|first=Helen|date=27 August 2016|title=Thousands call for Nauru and Manus camps to close in rallies across Australia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/aug/27/nauru-files-manus-island-close-the-camps-rallies-asylum-seeker|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202191619/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/aug/27/nauru-files-manus-island-close-the-camps-rallies-asylum-seeker|archive-date=2 February 2017|access-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> setelah ''The Guardian'' merilis laporan insiden yang bocor yang menuduh adanya "disfungsi dan kekejaman rutin" di Nauru.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Farrell|first1=Paul|last2=Evershed|first2=Nick|last3=Davidson|first3=Helen|date=10 August 2016|title=The Nauru files: cache of 2,000 leaked reports reveal scale of abuse of children in Australian offshore detention|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/aug/10/the-nauru-files-2000-leaked-reports-reveal-scale-of-abuse-of-children-in-australian-offshore-detention|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202191459/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/aug/10/the-nauru-files-2000-leaked-reports-reveal-scale-of-abuse-of-children-in-australian-offshore-detention|archive-date=2 February 2017|access-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
Baris 208 ⟶ 212:
Pada Juli 2016, pemerintahan [[Barack Obama]] mendirikan pusat pengungsi di [[Kosta Rika]] sebagai respons terhadap krisis migrasi Amerika Tengah.<ref>{{cite news|last=Holpuch|first=Amanda|date=26 July 2016|title=US partners with Costa Rica to protect Central American refugees|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/26/central-american-refugees-costa-rica-obama-administration|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807232235/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/26/central-american-refugees-costa-rica-obama-administration|archive-date=7 August 2017|access-date=26 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=David Wroe|date=21 September 2016|title='Northern Triangle' of death: Australia-bound refugees fleeing a brutal gang conflict|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/northern-triangle-of-death-australiabound-refugees-fleeing-a-brutal-gang-conflict-20160921-grl9x3.html|work=Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913194521/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/northern-triangle-of-death-australiabound-refugees-fleeing-a-brutal-gang-conflict-20160921-grl9x3.html|archive-date=13 September 2017|access-date=26 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull dan Dutton kemudian mengumumkan bahwa Australia akan menerima 1,250 pengungsi dari [[Amerika Tengah]] sebagai imbalan Amerika yang akan menerima pengungsi mereka dari [[Nauru]] dan [[Pulau Manus]].<ref>{{cite web|date=12 November 2016|title=Some Refugees Held in Australian Island Camps to Be Resettled in US|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/us-agrees-to-resettle-some-refugees-in-pacific-island-camps/3593927.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618035909/https://www.voanews.com/a/us-agrees-to-resettle-some-refugees-in-pacific-island-camps/3593927.html|archive-date=18 June 2017|access-date=26 July 2017|agency=[[Associated Press]]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=13 November 2016|title=PM unveils 'one-off' refugee resettlement deal with US|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-11-13/australia-announces-refugee-resettlement-deal-with-us/8021120|newspaper=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203160813/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-11-13/australia-announces-refugee-resettlement-deal-with-us/8021120|archive-date=3 February 2017|access-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Manus and Nauru resettlement deal - Labor asks why it has taken so long|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/immigration/manus-nauru-resettlement-deal-labor-asks-why-its-taken-so-long/news-story/eba0f9607e3e258527f0acdc8b8fef1d}}</ref> Kesepakatan ini dikritik oleh [[Donald Trump]] yang menyatakan bahwa perjanjian tersebut adalah perjanjian "konyol" dan "perjanjian terburuk sepanjang masa".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Murphy|first=Katharine|last2=Doherty|first2=Ben|date=2017-02-02|title=Trump lashes 'dumb deal' with Australia on refugees after fraught call with Turnbull|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/feb/02/trump-told-turnbull-refugee-agreement-was-the-worst-deal-ever-report|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2024-11-11}}</ref>
[[The Washington Post|''The Washington Post'']] membocorkan isi percakapan Malcolm Turnbull dan Donald Trump yang dilakukan pada 28 Januari 2017<ref>{{cite news|title='This deal will make me look terrible': Full transcripts of Trump's calls with Mexico and Australia|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/politics/australia-mexico-transcripts/|newspaper=Washington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110181337/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/politics/australia-mexico-transcripts/|archive-date=10 January 2021|access-date=3 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> dimana keduanya terlibat dalam perdebatan mengenai perjanjian yang disetujui diantaranya dan Obama.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-03|title=Trump-Turnbull Terlibat 'Perdebatan' dalam Pembicaraan Telepon|url=https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/trump-bentrok-dengan-pm-australia-/3704611.html|website=VOA Indonesia|language=id|access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref> Pada 2 Februari 2017, Trump menulis di Twitter bahwa perjanjian yang dilakukan Obama adalah perjanjian "konyol".<ref>{{cite news|title='This was the worst call by far': Trump badgered, bragged and abruptly ended phone call with Australian leader|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/no-gday-mate-on-call-with-australian-pm-trump-badgers-and-brags/2017/02/01/88a3bfb0-e8bf-11e6-80c2-30e57e57e05d_story.html|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413190101/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/no-gday-mate-on-call-with-australian-pm-trump-badgers-and-brags/2017/02/01/88a3bfb0-e8bf-11e6-80c2-30e57e57e05d_story.html|archive-date=13 April 2019|access-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2 February 2017|title=Trump slams "dumb deal" to take Australia's "illegal" refugees|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-02/trump-slams-dumb-refugee-deal/8235820|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203083600/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-02/trump-slams-dumb-refugee-deal/8235820|archive-date=3 February 2017|access-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat]] [[Mike Pence]] kemudian mengonfirmasi bahwa Trump akan menghargai perjanjian yang dibuat dengan Obama dan Turnbull dan akan menerima pencari suaka dengan pemeriksaan ketat.<ref>{{cite web|date=30 April 2017|title=Refugee swap still on, but some will miss out|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/immigration/refugee-swap-still-on-but-some-will-miss-out/news-story/9e944157f819e4c20efc4108c28ddc03}}</ref> Australia menerima pencari suaka dari [[Amerika Tengah]] pada Juli 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Packham|first1=Colin|date=25 July 2017|title=Exclusive: Australia to accept first Central American refugees under U.S. deal – sources|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-australia-refugees-idUSKBN1AA0NO|newspaper=Reuters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904013401/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-australia-refugees-idUSKBN1AA0NO|archive-date=4 September 2017|access-date=4 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Plebisit perkawinan sesama jenis ===▼
▲==== Plebisit perkawinan sesama jenis ====
[[File:Turnbull_selfie_with_Xi_Trump_Quang.jpg|pra=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/File:Turnbull_selfie_with_Xi_Trump_Quang.jpg|jmpl|Turnbull mengambil foto selfie dengan [[Trần Đại Quang]], [[Donald Trump]] dan [[Xi Jinping]], November 2017]]
Sebelum era Turnbull, Partai Liberal memutuskan untuk menyelesaikan isu perkawinan sesama jenis dengan mengantarkan isu tersebut ke rakyat Australia melalui [[plebisit]].<ref>{{cite web|date=29 January 2016|title=Tony Abbott will back result of plebiscite on same-sex marriage|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/jan/30/tony-abbott-says-he-will-back-result-of-plebiscite-on-same-sex-marriage|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919045406/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/jan/30/tony-abbott-says-he-will-back-result-of-plebiscite-on-same-sex-marriage|archive-date=19 September 2021|access-date=19 September 2021|agency=[[Australian Associated Press]]|url-status=live}}</ref> Undang-undang yang mengesahkan referendum ditolak dua kali oleh Senat,<ref>{{cite web|date=28 May 2004|title=PM targets gays in marriage law|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/05/27/1085461876842.html|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508233051/https://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/05/27/1085461876842.html|archive-date=8 May 2018|access-date=24 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=13 December 2013|title=High Court throws out ACT's same-sex marriage laws|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-12-12/high-court-decision-on-act-same-sex-marriage-laws/5152168|location=Australia|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212090159/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-12-12/high-court-decision-on-act-same-sex-marriage-laws/5152168|archive-date=12 December 2013|access-date=20 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> sehingga pemerintah melakukan plebisit tersebut melalui pos yang melibatkan [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] (ABS) dalam melakukan survei nasional dengan menanyakan kepada para pemilih apakah mereka ingin melihat perubahan dalam definisi pernikahan.<ref>{{cite web|date=7 August 2017|title=Turnbull government kills same-sex marriage conscience vote, agrees to postal plebiscite|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/turnbull-government-kills-samesex-marriage-conscience-vote-agrees-to-postal-plebiscite-20170807-gxqzam.html|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807153437/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/turnbull-government-kills-samesex-marriage-conscience-vote-agrees-to-postal-plebiscite-20170807-gxqzam.html|archive-date=7 August 2017|access-date=19 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada Juni 2017, sebuah bocoran percakapan muncul memuat loyalis Turnbull, [[Christopher Pyne]] memberi pernyataan kepada sebuah perkumpulan "moderat" dari Partai Liberal bahwa menteri-menteri senior, termasuk [[George Brandis]] dan [[Marise Payne]] berada disisinya dan mereka akan bekerja untuk mengesahkan "perkawinan setara" dan selalu mendukung program Malcolm Turnbull.<ref name="heraldsun.com.au">[http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/opinion/andrew-bolt/andrew-bolt-christopher-pyne-drops-malcolm-turnbulls-plan-for-liberals-on-samesex-marriage/news-story/70a2379eee43dc0a13395cfb3c3dcf1f Andrew Bolt: Christopher Pyne drops Malcolm Turnbull's plan for Liberals on same-sex marriage]; http://www.heraldsun.com.au; 26/7/17</ref> Hal ini dikecam oleh [[Tony Abbott]] yang menyatakan komentar tersebut sebagai "pengakuan" Pyne untuk melawannya.<ref name="ReferenceB">[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-26/tony-abbott-christopher-pyne-leadership-gay-marriage-disloyal/8651080 Tony Abbott lashes out at Christopher Pyne over leaked leadership, same-sex marria]; www.abc.net.au; 26/6/17</ref>
Pengiriman surat suara dimulai pada 12 September 2017, karena upaya untuk mencegah survei melalui tantangan Pengadilan Tinggi gagal. Survei berakhir pada 7 November 2017 dan hasilnya dirilis pada 15 November tahun yang sama. Survei kembali dengan total 7.817.247 (61,6%) tanggapan "Ya" dan 4.873.987 (38,4%) tanggapan "Tidak".<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 November 2017|title=Australia says yes to same-sex marriage in historic postal survey|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/nov/15/australia-says-yes-to-same-sex-marriage-in-historic-postal-survey|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517061852/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/nov/15/australia-says-yes-to-same-sex-marriage-in-historic-postal-survey|archive-date=17 May 2019|access-date=19 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Setelah pemungutan suara, setelah empat hari perdebatan mengenai amandemen yang mencakup proposal untuk meningkatkan perlindungan agama untuk menolak layanan kepada pasangan sesama jenis, pada 7 Desember 2017 pernikahan sesama jenis dilegalkan melalui pemungutan suara parlemen oleh DPR; Turnbull sendiri memilih "Ya".<ref>{{cite web|date=29 November 2017|title=Same-sex marriage bill passes Senate with day to spare before House of Representatives resumes|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-29/same-sex-marriage-bill-passes-senate/9202478|work=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906125519/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-29/same-sex-marriage-bill-passes-senate/9202478|archive-date=6 September 2018|access-date=19 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Yaxley|first=Louise|date=15 November 2017|title=Australia has said Yes, so how will your MP vote on a same-sex marriage bill in Parliament?|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-14/same-sex-marriage-if-the-survey-says-yes-how-will-your-mp-vote/9104112?nw=0|work=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718113749/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-14/same-sex-marriage-if-the-survey-says-yes-how-will-your-mp-vote/9104112?nw=0|archive-date=18 July 2020|accessdate=18 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Pernikahan sesama jenis pertama di Australia terjadi sebagai hasil dari perubahan hukum pada 9 Januari 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Karp|first1=Paul|date=7 December 2017|title=y Marriage equality law passes Australia's parliament in landslide vote|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/dec/07/marriage-equality-law-passes-australias-parliament-in-landslide-vote|website=The Guardian Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520055412/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/dec/07/marriage-equality-law-passes-australias-parliament-in-landslide-vote|archive-date=20 May 2019|access-date=7 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
==== Krisis eligibilitas Parlemen ====
[[File:CJCS_Attends_Shangri-La_Dialogue_PB383_(34664387820).jpg|pra=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/File:CJCS_Attends_Shangri-La_Dialogue_PB383_(34664387820).jpg|jmpl|Turnbull pada Juni 2017]]
Anggota pemerintahan Turnbull termasuk di antara mereka yang terlibat dalam krisis kelayakan parlemen yang muncul pada tahun 2017, yang mendiskualifikasi beberapa anggota parlemen yang memegang kewarganegaraan ganda sesuai dengan subbagian 44(i) Konstitusi Australia.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kenny|first1=Mark|date=3 November 2017|title=Citizenship fiasco deepens, threatening Malcolm Turnbull's authority|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/citizenship-fiasco-deepens-threatening-malcolm-turnbulls-authority-20171103-gze3l4.html|website=The Canberra Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230141648/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/citizenship-fiasco-deepens-threatening-malcolm-turnbulls-authority-20171103-gze3l4.html|archive-date=30 December 2017|access-date=3 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Remeikis-2017">{{cite web|last=Remeikis|first=Amy|date=18 August 2017|title=Constitutional crisis leaves Turnbull government fighting for its political life|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/constitutional-crisis-leaves-turnbull-government-fighting-for-its-political-life-20170818-gxzi5c.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123040942/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/constitutional-crisis-leaves-turnbull-government-fighting-for-its-political-life-20170818-gxzi5c.html|archive-date=23 January 2018|access-date=25 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Tiga anggota Kabinetnya yang termasuk kedalam kelompok "Citizenship Seven" yang kasusnya disidangkan di [[Pengadilan Tinggi Australia]]: pemimpin dan wakil pemimpin [[Partai Nasional Australia|Partai Nasional]] yang memerintah bersama, Wakil Perdana Menteri [[Barnaby Joyce]], Senator [[Fiona Nash]], dan Menteri Sumber Daya [[Matt Canavan]], yang mengundurkan diri dari Kabinet setelah menemukan potensi kewarganegaraan gandanya.<ref name="section44">{{cite news|date=14 August 2017|title=Joyce admits NZ citizenship news a 'shock', expects to keep his seat|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-14/barnaby-joyce-new-zealand-citizenship-to-high-court/8803560|work=ABC News|language=en-AU|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814014207/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-14/barnaby-joyce-new-zealand-citizenship-to-high-court/8803560|archive-date=14 August 2017|access-date=14 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Belot|first=Henry|date=25 July 2017|title=Matt Canavan resigns from Malcolm Turnbull's ministry over Italian citizenship|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-07-25/matt-canavan-citizenship-crisis-resigns-from-cabinet/8742702|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726091458/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-07-25/matt-canavan-citizenship-crisis-resigns-from-cabinet/8742702|archive-date=26 July 2017|access-date=26 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Pengadilan Tinggi memutuskan bahwa Canavan memenuhi syarat, tetapi mendiskualifikasi Joyce dan Nash yang memiliki kewarganegaraan ganda dari Parlemen.<ref name="high court">{{cite web|title=High Court of Australia|url=http://www.hcourt.gov.au/|work=Commonwealth of Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630024830/http://www.hcourt.gov.au/|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=27 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="abc 10 2017">{{Cite news|date=27 October 2017|title=Live: High Court rules Joyce ineligible to serve in Parliament|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-27/live-blog-high-court-delivers-judgement-on-citizenship-seven/9085032|work=ABC News|language=en-AU|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101054431/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-27/live-blog-high-court-delivers-judgement-on-citizenship-seven/9085032|archive-date=1 January 2018|access-date=27 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Peatling-2017">{{cite news|last=Peatling|first=Stephanie|date=27 October 2017|title=Barnaby Joyce, Malcolm Roberts and other 'citizenship seven' MPs receive verdict – live from the High Court|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/the-pulse-live/barnaby-joyce-malcolm-roberts-and-other-mps-receive-citizenship-verdict-from-high-court-20171027-gz9efa.html|work=Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202033529/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/the-pulse-live/barnaby-joyce-malcolm-roberts-and-other-mps-receive-citizenship-verdict-from-high-court-20171027-gz9efa.html|archive-date=2 February 2018|access-date=27 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Remeikis-2017a">{{cite news|last=Remeikis|first=Amy|date=27 October 2017|title=Barnaby Joyce and four senators ruled ineligible for parliament – politics live|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2017/oct/27/politics-live-high-court-citizenship-joyce|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718034211/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2017/oct/27/politics-live-high-court-citizenship-joyce|archive-date=18 July 2018|access-date=27 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pemerintahan Turnbull juga sementara kehilangan mayoritasnya karena [[Barnaby Joyce]] didiskualifikasi dan anggota parlemen Liberal [[John Alexander]] yang juga memegang dua kewarganegaraan mengundurkan diri. Namun pada Desember 2017, Barnaby Joyce dan John Alexander kembali berkontestasi di pemilihan sela untuk kursi parlemen yang mereka tinggalkan ([[Divisi New England|New England]] untuk Barnaby & [[Divisi Bennelong|Bennelong]] untuk John) dan berhasil merebut kursi mereka kembali, sehingga dapat mempertahankan mayoritasnya di [[Dewan Perwakilan Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Murphy|first1=Katherine|date=16 December 2017|title=Relief for Liberals as Bennelong byelection win saves Turnbull's majority|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/dec/16/bennelong-byelection-win-john-alexander-malcolm-turnbull-kristina-keneally|website=[[The Guardian Australia]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217054441/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/dec/16/bennelong-byelection-win-john-alexander-malcolm-turnbull-kristina-keneally|archive-date=17 December 2017|access-date=17 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Pemilihan kepemimpinan Agustus 2018 ===
Pada 21 Agustus 2018, Partai Liberal melakukan pemungutan suara dimana Malcolm Turnbull berhasil bertahan dari tantangan yang dilontarkan oleh [[Menteri Dalam Negeri Australia]] [[Peter Dutton]] dengan 48 suara melawan 38.<ref name="abc">{{cite web|date=21 August 2018|title=Live: Turnbull sees off Dutton challenge, but leadership turmoil to continue|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-21/politics-live-malcolm-turnbull-in-partyroom-meeting/10146280|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810064841/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-21/politics-live-malcolm-turnbull-sees-off-peter-dutton-challenge/10146280|archive-date=10 August 2021|access-date=21 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Remeikis-2018">{{cite web|last1=Remeikis|first1=Amy|last2=Hutchens|first2=Gareth|date=21 August 2018|title=Dutton resigns after Turnbull survives Liberal leadership spill 48-35 – politics live|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2018/aug/21/liberal-leadership-dutton-turnbull-energy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821002922/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2018/aug/21/liberal-leadership-dutton-turnbull-energy|archive-date=21 August 2018|access-date=21 August 2018|last3=Murphy|first3=Katharine|last4=Knaus|first4=Christopher|via=www.theguardian.com|url-status=live}}</ref> Pemunggutan suara ini menggarisbawahi tensi ideologis antara sayap moderat yang dipimpin Turnbull dan sayap konservatif yang diwakili Dutton dan Tony Abbott. Dari 21 hingga 23 September, tensi kedua sayap tersebut semakin intensif dan Dutton mengumumkan bahwa ia ingin menantang Turnbull kembali pada pagi hari 23 September 2018. Tensi yang semakin intensif tersebut menyebabkan sebagian besar dari kabinet Turnbull mengundurkan diri. Turnbull awalnya menolak untuk melakukan pemungutan suara, namun saat yang sama beberapa pendukung penting Turnbull, terutama [[Michaelia Cash]], [[Mitch Fifield]], dan [[Mathias Cormann]] memberi nasihat kepada Turnbull bahwa ia tidak memiliki dukungan yang cukup dan mengundurkan diri dari jabatan kabinet.<ref name="abc23">{{cite news|last1=Sweeney|first1=Lucy|last2=Belot|first2=Henry|date=23 August 2018|title=Malcolm Turnbull allies jump ship, saying numbers now favour Peter Dutton|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-23/live-peter-dutton-poised-to-challenge-malcolm-turnbull-again/10155008|work=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|access-date=23 August 2018}}</ref> Malcolm Turnbull kemudian memberi pernyataan pers bahwa ia akan membuka pertemuan partai jika ia diberikan petisi yang ditandatangani oleh setidaknya 43 anggota Liberal.<ref name="petitionlist">{{cite web|date=24 August 2018|title=Malcolm Turnbull asked to see who wanted him out — here are the Liberal MPs that signed on|url=http://abc.net.au/news/2018-08-24/the-liberal-mps-that-sparked-the-spill/10161660|work=ABC News}}</ref> Ia juga menyatakan jika ada pemungutan suara kedua, ia akan mengundurkan diri sebagai ketua umum dan tidak akan mencalonkan kembali. Pada 24 September, Jaksa Agung Muda Australia memberi nasihat bahwa Peter Dutton masih bisa memenuhi syarat untuk mengabdi sebagai anggota parlemen namun ada risiko bahwa Dutton ditemukan memiliki konflik kepentingan oleh Pengadilan Tinggi Australia dan dapat dikeluarkan dari parlemen.<ref>{{cite web|date=24 August 2018|title=Solicitor general says Dutton 'not incapable' of sitting but high court may find conflict of interest|url=https://amp.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/aug/24/solicitor-general-says-dutton-not-incapable-of-sitting-but-high-court-may-find-conflict-of-interest|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Dutton kemudian memberikan petisi yang sudah ditandatangani kepada Turnbull dan Turnbull membuka pemungutan suara.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-08-24|title=Peter Dutton Has Delivered A Petition To Turnbull Demanding A Party Meeting|url=https://www.hit.com.au/news/national/peter-dutton-has-delivered-a-petition-to-turnbull-demanding-a-party-meeting|work=hit network!|access-date=24 August 2018}}</ref> Hasilnya, [[Scott Morrison]] dipilih untuk menggantikan posisi Turnbull sebagai ketua umum dan Perdana Menteri Australia dengan 45 suara melawan 40 yang diraih Dutton.<ref name="LIVE12">{{cite news|last1=Knaus|first1=Christopher|last2=McGowan|first2=Michael|last3=Murphy|first3=Katharine|date=24 August 2018|title=Scott Morrison sworn in as Australia's 30th prime minister – politics live|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2018/aug/24/liberal-spill-malcolm-turnbull-peter-dutton-scott-morrison-liberal-spill-politics-parliament-live|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Turnbull mengangap pemungutan suara kedua ini sebagai mosi ketidakpercayaan terhadapnya.<ref name="LIVE12" /> Pada konferensi pers terakhirnya sebagai Perdana Menteri, Turnbull mengecam Abbott dan Dutton karena "merusak citra partai".<ref>{{cite news|date=24 August 2018|title=Turnbull attacks 'wreckers' Abbott and Dutton as he leaves office|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2018/aug/24/liberal-spill-malcolm-turnbull-peter-dutton-scott-morrison-liberal-spill-politics-parliament-live|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823223351/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2018/aug/24/liberal-spill-malcolm-turnbull-peter-dutton-scott-morrison-liberal-spill-politics-parliament-live|archive-date=23 August 2018|access-date=24 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 27 Agustus, Turnbull mengumumkan bahwa ia akan mengundurkan diri dari [[Dewan Perwakilan Australia]] pada beberapa hari yang akan datang. Pada 31 Agustus 2018, Turnbull mengajukan pengunduran dirinya kepada [[Ketua Dewan Perwakilan Australia]].<ref name="Mizen-2018">{{cite news|last=Mizen|first=Ronald|date=31 August 2018|title=Malcolm Turnbull formally resigns, forces byelection|url=https://www.afr.com/news/politics/election/malcolm-turnbull-formally-resigns-forces-byelection-20180831-h14rte?|newspaper=[[Australian Financial Review]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831101658/https://www.afr.com/news/politics/election/malcolm-turnbull-formally-resigns-forces-byelection-20180831-h14rte|archive-date=31 August 2018|access-date=31 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Pandangan politik ==
Baris 257 ⟶ 270:
* {{Flagicon|AUS}} '''1 Januari 2001''' [[Centenary Medal]], atas jasanya di sektor perusahaan.<ref>{{Citation|title=Its an Honour: Centenary Medal|publisher=AustralianGovernment|url=https://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1116669&search_type=quick&showInd=true|accessdate=14 September 2015|archive-date=2015-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018052714/https://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1116669&search_type=quick&showInd=true|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* {{Flagicon|AUS}} '''26 Januari 2021''' [[Orde Australia|Companion of the Order of Australia]], atas pengabdiannya kepada rakyat dan Parlemen Australia sebagai Perdana Menteri melalui kontribusi signifikan dalam keamanan nasional, perdagangan bebas, lingkungan hidup dan energi bersih, inovasi, reformasi ekonomi dan kesetaraan pernikahan, dan untuk bisnis dan filantropi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The Honourable Malcolm Bligh TURNBULL|url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/2007752|website=It's An Honour|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201114026/https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/2007752|archive-date=1 February 2021|access-date=25 January 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Karya ==
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