Wikipedia

Kapal perusak kelas Zumwalt: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnya
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
woilah😭
Tag: VisualEditor Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler
Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler
 
(15 revisi perantara oleh pengguna yang sama tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{|{{Infobox ship begin
|infobox caption=}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Future USS Zumwalt's first underway at sea210421-N-FC670-1062.jpg|Ship image size=300px
|Ship caption=USS ''ZumwaltMichael Monsoor'' pada Desember 20152021}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
{{Infobox ship class overview|Name=|Total ships building=<!-- USS Michael Monsoor, USS Lyndon B. Johnson -->|Total ships retired=|Total ships lost=|Total ships laid up=|Total ships active=2|Total ships cancelled=29|Total ships completed=3 <!-- USS Zumwalt, USS Michael Monsoor -->|Total ships planned=32|Built range=|Builders=Bath Iron Works|In commission range=2016–sekarang<ref>{{cite news |first=Mary |last=Bubala |title=Historic And Cutting Edge USS Zumwalt Commissioned In Baltimore |url=http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2016/10/16/historic-and-cutting-edge-uss-zumwalt-commissioned-in-baltimore/ |work=[[WJZ-TV]] |date=16 October 2016 |accessdate=16 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018222200/http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2016/10/16/historic-and-cutting-edge-uss-zumwalt-commissioned-in-baltimore/ |archive-date=18 October 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>|In service range=2011–2017|Cost=Biaya program US$22,5 miliar (FY15)<ref name=GAO-15-342SP>{{cite web |url=http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/668986.pdf#page=81 |title=GAO-15-342SP DEFENSE ACQUISITIONS Assessments of Selected Weapon Programs |publisher=US Government Accountability Office |date=March 2015 |accessdate=15 July 2015 |page=73 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043422/http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/668986.pdf#page=81 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|Name=
<br>US$4,24M per unit (FY16)<ref name=cost_april2016>[https://news.usni.org/2016/04/06/navy-requires-450-million-more-to-complete-zumwalt-class-due-to-shipyard-performance "Navy Requires $450 Million More to Complete Zumwalt-Class Due to Shipyard Performance"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018214323/https://news.usni.org/2016/04/06/navy-requires-450-million-more-to-complete-zumwalt-class-due-to-shipyard-performance |date=18 October 2016}}. usni.org, 6 April 2016.</ref>|Subclasses=|Class after=[[Kapal perusak kelas Arleigh Burke|Kelas ''Arleigh Burke'' Flight III]]<br>[[Kapal perusak kelas DDG(X)|Kelas ''DDG(X)'']]|Class before=[[Kapal perusak kelas Arleigh Burke| Kelas ''Arleigh Burke]]|Operators=[[File:Flag of the United States Navy.svg|23px]] [[Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat]]|Total ships preserved=}}
|Total ships building=<!-- USS Michael Monsoor, USS Lyndon B. Johnson -->
{{Infobox ship characteristics|Hide header=|Ship speed={{convert|30|kn|abbr=on|lk=in}}<ref name=Navy_Fact_File/>|Ship aircraft facilities=Flight deck and enclosed hangar for up to two medium-lift helicopters|Ship aircraft=* 1 × [[Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk|SH-60]] [[Light airborne multi-purpose system|LAMPS]] or [[Sikorsky MH-60R Seahawk|MH-60R]] helicopter
|Total ships retired=
* 3 × [[Northrop Grumman MQ-8 Fire Scout|MQ-8 Fire Scout]] VT-[[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAVs]]<ref name=Navy_Fact_File />|Ship armor=|Ship armament=* 20 × MK 57 [[Vertical Launch System|VLS]] modules, <small>4 cells per, 80 launch cells total</small><ref>"[http://www.raytheon.com/businesses/rtnwcm/groups/public/documents/content/rtn_bus_ids_prod_mk57_pdf.pdf MK 57 Vertical Launch System] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924063648/http://www.raytheon.com/businesses/rtnwcm/groups/public/documents/content/rtn_bus_ids_prod_mk57_pdf.pdf |date=24 September 2012}}". Raytheon</ref>
|Total ships lost=
* RIM-162 [[Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile]] (ESSM), <small>4 per cell</small>
|Total ships laid up=
* Tactical [[Tomahawk (missile)|Tomahawk]], <small>1 per cell</small>
|Total ships active=2
* Vertical Launch Anti-Submarine Missile ([[RUM-139 VL-ASROC|ASROC]]), <small>1 per cell</small>
|Total ships cancelled=29
* 2 × {{convert|155|mm|abbr=on|0}}/62 caliber [[Advanced Gun System]]; 920 round magazine. Unusable, no ammunition<ref name=LaGrone/>
|Total ships completed=3 <!-- USS Zumwalt, USS Michael Monsoor -->
* 2 × {{convert|30|mm|in|abbr=on}} [[Mk44 Bushmaster II|Mk 46 Mod 2 Gun Weapon System]]<ref name="usni5aug14">[http://news.usni.org/2014/08/05/navy-swaps-anti-swarm-boat-guns-ddg-1000s Navy Swaps Out Anti-Swarm Boat Guns on DDG-1000s] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031145059/http://news.usni.org/2014/08/05/navy-swaps-anti-swarm-boat-guns-ddg-1000s |date=31 October 2014}} – News.USNI.org, 5 August 2014</ref>|Ship EW=|Ship sensors=Radar [[active electronically scanned array|AESA]] [[AN/SPY-3]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190416232327/http://opencrs.com/document/RL32109/2010-06-14/download/1013/ CRS RL32109 Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress]. CRS, 14 June 2010.</ref>|Ship time to activate=|Ship complement=147 +28 anggota detasemen udara<ref name=Navy_Fact_File/>|Ship troops=|Ship capacity=|Ship boats=|Ship endurance=|Ship range=|Ship propulsion=* 2 × Gas turbin [[Rolls-Royce MT30]] (masing-masing menghasilkan {{convert|35.4|MW|abbr=on}}),<ref name=AeroWeb>{{cite web |first=Joakim |last=Kasper |title=About the Zumwalt Destroyer |url=http://www.bga-aeroweb.com/Defense/DDG-1000-Zumwalt-Destroyer.html |work=AeroWeb |date=20 September 2015 |accessdate=25 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022091216/http://www.bga-aeroweb.com/Defense/DDG-1000-Zumwalt-Destroyer.html |archive-date=22 October 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> menggerakkan generator listrik [[Curtiss-Wright]]<ref name="d05752r" />
|Total ships planned=32
|Built range=
|Builders=Bath Iron Works
|In commission range=2016–sekarang<ref>{{cite news |first=Mary |last=Bubala |title=Historic And Cutting Edge USS Zumwalt Commissioned In Baltimore |url=http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2016/10/16/historic-and-cutting-edge-uss-zumwalt-commissioned-in-baltimore/ |work=WJZ-TV |date=16 October 2016 |accessdate=16 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018222200/http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2016/10/16/historic-and-cutting-edge-uss-zumwalt-commissioned-in-baltimore/ |archive-date=18 October 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|In service range=2011–2017
|Cost=Biaya program US$22,5 miliar (FY15)<ref name=GAO-15-342SP>{{cite web |url=http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/668986.pdf#page=81 |title=GAO-15-342SP DEFENSE ACQUISITIONS Assessments of Selected Weapon Programs |publisher=US Government Accountability Office |date=March 2015 |accessdate=15 July 2015 |page=73 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043422/http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/668986.pdf#page=81 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<br>US$4,24M per unit (FY16)<ref name=cost_april2016>[https://news.usni.org/2016/04/06/navy-requires-450-million-more-to-complete-zumwalt-class-due-to-shipyard-performance "Navy Requires $450 Million More to Complete Zumwalt-Class Due to Shipyard Performance"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018214323/https://news.usni.org/2016/04/06/navy-requires-450-million-more-to-complete-zumwalt-class-due-to-shipyard-performance |date=18 October 2016}}. usni.org, 6 April 2016.</ref>
|Subclasses=
|Class after=[[Kapal perusak kelas Arleigh Burke|Kelas ''Arleigh Burke'' Flight III]]<br>[[Kapal perusak kelas DDG(X)|Kelas ''DDG(X)'']]
|Class before=[[Kapal perusak kelas Arleigh Burke|Kelas ''Arleigh Burke]]
|Operators=[[File:Flag of the United States Navy.svg|23px]] [[Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat]]
|Total ships preserved=}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Ship speed={{convert|30|kn|abbr=on|lk=in}}<ref name=Navy_Fact_File/>
|Ship aircraft facilities=Dek landasan dan [[hanggar]] tertutup untuk dua helikopter
|Ship aircraft=* 1 × Helikopter [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|MH-60R]]
* 3 × Helikopter [[Northrop Grumman MQ-8 Fire Scout|MQ-8]] ([[Pesawat nirawak|nirawak]])<ref name=Navy_Fact_File />
|Ship armor=
|Ship armament=*Peluru kendali:
**80 sel [[Mark 41 Vertical Launching System|Mark 57 PVLS]]<ref>"[http://www.raytheon.com/businesses/rtnwcm/groups/public/documents/content/rtn_bus_ids_prod_mk57_pdf.pdf MK 57 Vertical Launch System] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924063648/http://www.raytheon.com/businesses/rtnwcm/groups/public/documents/content/rtn_bus_ids_prod_mk57_pdf.pdf |date=24 September 2012}}". Raytheon</ref>
***[[RIM-162 ESSM]] (4 per sel)
***[[BGM-109 Tomahawk|BGM-109]]
***[[RIM-174 Standard ERAM|RIM-174 SM-6]]
***[[RUM-139 VL-ASROC]]
*Meriam:
** 2 × Mark 51 Advanced Gun System (AGS) 155 mm (dua kapal dalam tahap digantikan oleh 4 × 3 peluncur rudal C-HGB)<ref name=C-HGB>[https://news.usni.org/2023/01/09/navy-awards-hii-planning-contract-for-zumwalt-hypersonic-upgrades Navy Awards HII Planning Contract for Zumwalt Hypersonic Upgrades].{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421073027/https://news.usni.org/2023/01/09/navy-awards-hii-planning-contract-for-zumwalt-hypersonic-upgrades |archive-date=21 April 2024 |url-status=live}} USNI</ref>
** Mk 46 Mod 2 30 mm
|Ship EW=
|Ship sensors=Radar [[active electronically scanned array|AESA]] [[AN/SPY-3]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190416232327/http://opencrs.com/document/RL32109/2010-06-14/download/1013/ CRS RL32109 Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress]. CRS, 14 June 2010.</ref>|Ship time to activate=|Ship complement=147 +28 anggota detasemen udara<ref name=Navy_Fact_File/>
|Ship troops=
|Ship capacity=
|Ship boats=
|Ship endurance=
|Ship range=
|Ship propulsion=* 2 × Gas turbin [[Rolls-Royce MT30]] (masing-masing menghasilkan {{convert|35.4|MW|abbr=on}}),<ref name=AeroWeb>{{cite web |first=Joakim |last=Kasper |title=About the Zumwalt Destroyer |url=http://www.bga-aeroweb.com/Defense/DDG-1000-Zumwalt-Destroyer.html |work=AeroWeb |date=20 September 2015 |accessdate=25 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022091216/http://www.bga-aeroweb.com/Defense/DDG-1000-Zumwalt-Destroyer.html |archive-date=22 October 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> menggerakkan generator listrik [[Curtiss-Wright]]<ref name="d05752r">{{cite book |title=GAO-05-752R Progress of the DD(X) Destroyer Program |url=http://www.gao.gov/htext/d05752r.html |publisher=U.S. Government Accountability Office |date=14 June 2005 |access-date=11 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004212227/http://www.gao.gov/htext/d05752r.html |archive-date=4 October 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2 × Baling-baling
* Total: {{convert|78|MW|shp|abbr=on|lk=on}}<ref name=AeroWeb/>
* Total: {{convert|78|MW|shp|abbr=on|lk=on}}<ref name=AeroWeb/>|Header caption=|Ship power=* 2 × Generator turbin Rolls-Royce RR4500 (masing-masing menghasilkan {{convert|3.8|MW|abbr=on}})<ref name=AeroWeb/>|Ship ramps=|Ship deck clearance=|Ship decks=|Ship hold depth=|Ship depth=|Ship draft={{convert|27.6|ft|m|abbr=on}}|Ship height=|Ship beam={{convert|80,7|ft|m|abbr=on}}|Ship length={{convert|610|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=Navy_Fact_File/>|Ship displacement={{convert|1656|LT|abbr=on}}<ref name=Navy_Fact_File>{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4200&tid=900&ct=4 |title=Destroyers – DDG fact file |publisher=U.S. Navy |date=28 February 2018 |accessdate=2018-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217090225/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4200&tid=900&ct=4 |archive-date=17 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>|Ship tonnage=|Ship type=[[Kapal perusak berpeluru kendali]]|Ship notes=}}
|Header caption=
|}'''Kapal''' '''perusak kelas ''Zumwalt''''' adalah kelas dari tiga [[kapal perusak berpeluru kendali]] Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat yang dirancang sebagai [[kapal siluman]] multimisi dengan fokus pada peran serang darat. Kapal ini adalah kelas kapal multiperan yang dirancang untuk peran sekunder dari perang permukaan dan perang [[Pertahanan udara|antipesawat]] dan awalnya dirancang dengan peran utama dukungan tembakan laut. ''Zumwalt'' dimaksudkan untuk menggantikan [[kapal tempur]] dalam memenuhi mandat kongres untuk dukungan tembakan laut.<ref>Section 1011 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996 (Public Law 104-106; 110 Stat. 421)</ref> Kapal ini dirancang berdasarkan kedua [[Sistem Gun Lanjut|Advanced Gun Systems]]-nya, kubah dan magazen meriamnya, dan amunisi [[Proyeksi Serangan Tanah Jarak Jauh|Long Range Land Attack Projectile]] (LRLAP)-nya yang unik.<ref name="LaGrone">{{Cite web|url=https://news.usni.org/2018/01/11/no-new-round-planned-zumwalt-destroyer-gun-system-navy-monitoring-industry|title=No New Round Planned For Zumwalt Destroyer Gun System; Navy Monitoring Industry|last=LaGrone|first=Sam|date=January 11, 2018|website=USNI News|publisher=U.S. Naval Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303050317/https://news.usni.org/2018/01/11/no-new-round-planned-zumwalt-destroyer-gun-system-navy-monitoring-industry|archive-date=3 March 2018|access-date=2018-03-02}}</ref> Di kemudian hari, pengadaan LRLAP dibatalkan, menjadikan meriam itu tidak dapat digunakan<ref name="LaGrone" /> sehingga Angkatan Laut AS mengarahkan kembali kapal-kapal ini untuk peran perang permukaan.<ref name="Eckstein">{{Cite web|url=https://news.usni.org/2017/12/04/navy-refocus-ddg-1000-surface-strike|title=New Requirements for DDG-1000 Focus on Surface Strike|last=Eckstein|first=Megan|date=December 4, 2017|website=USNI News|publisher=U.S. Naval Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304054809/https://news.usni.org/2017/12/04/navy-refocus-ddg-1000-surface-strike|archive-date=4 March 2018|access-date=2018-03-02}}</ref> Pengadaan dihentikan setelah tiga ''Zumwalt'' pertama, dan Angkatan Laut AS kembali membangun kapal perusak ''[[Kapal perusak kelas Arleigh Burke|Arliegh Burke]]''. Sebuah artikel [[National Review]] oleh Mike Fredenburg menyebut ''Zumwalt adalah'' "sebuah bencana yang tak termitigasi".<ref name="Fredenburg">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/443165/zumwalt-class-navy-stealth-destroyer-program-failure|title=How the Navy’s Zumwalt-Class Destroyers Ran Aground|last=FREDENBURG|first=MIKE|website=NationalReview.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220215118/http://www.nationalreview.com/article/443165/zumwalt-class-navy-stealth-destroyer-program-failure|archive-date=20 December 2016|access-date=19 December 2016}}</ref> Desain kelas ''Zumwalt'' muncul dari program "kapal perusak serang darat" [[DD-21]] sebagai "DD(X)".
|Ship power=* 2 × Generator turbin Rolls-Royce RR4500 (masing-masing menghasilkan {{convert|3.8|MW|abbr=on}})<ref name=AeroWeb/>
|Ship ramps=
|Ship deck clearance=
|Ship decks=
|Ship hold depth=
|Ship depth=
|Ship draft={{convert|27.6|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship height=
|Ship beam={{convert|80,7|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship length={{convert|610|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=Navy_Fact_File/>
|Ship displacement={{convert|1656|LT|abbr=on}}<ref name=Navy_Fact_File>{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4200&tid=900&ct=4 |title=Destroyers – DDG fact file |publisher=U.S. Navy |date=28 February 2018 |accessdate=2018-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217090225/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4200&tid=900&ct=4 |archive-date=17 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship type=[[Kapal perusak berpeluru kendali]]
|Ship notes=}}
|}
'''Kapal''' '''perusak kelas ''Zumwalt''''' adalah sebuah kelas [[kapal perusak berpeluru kendali]] (DDG) yang dibangun dan dioperasikan oleh [[Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat]]. Kelas ini dirancang sebagai [[kapal siluman]] serbaguna dengan fokus pada serangan darat, mengesampingkan peran [[Pertahanan udara|arhanud]] (AAW) dan peperangan antipermukaan (ASuW). Kapal perusak kelas ''Zumwalt'' awalnya dirancang untuk menggantikan [[kapal tempur]] demi memenuhi persyaratan [[Kongres Amerika Serikat|Kongres AS]].<ref>Section 1011 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996 (Public Law 104-106; 110 Stat. 421)</ref> Kapal ini mulanya dirancang untuk menggunakan meriam Advanced Gun Systems, yang dimana meriam itu sendiri direncanakan untuk menggunakan peluru Long Range Land Attack Projectile (LRLAP).<ref name="LaGrone">{{Cite web|url=https://news.usni.org/2018/01/11/no-new-round-planned-zumwalt-destroyer-gun-system-navy-monitoring-industry|title=No New Round Planned For Zumwalt Destroyer Gun System; Navy Monitoring Industry|last=LaGrone|first=Sam|date=January 11, 2018|website=USNI News|publisher=U.S. Naval Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303050317/https://news.usni.org/2018/01/11/no-new-round-planned-zumwalt-destroyer-gun-system-navy-monitoring-industry|archive-date=3 March 2018|access-date=2018-03-02}}</ref> Namun, karena dibatalkannya program LRLAP<ref name="LaGrone" />, Angkatan Laut AS akhirnya memaksakan kelas ''Zumwalt'' untuk memenuhi peran antipermukaan.<ref name="Eckstein">{{Cite web|url=https://news.usni.org/2017/12/04/navy-refocus-ddg-1000-surface-strike|title=New Requirements for DDG-1000 Focus on Surface Strike|last=Eckstein|first=Megan|date=December 4, 2017|website=USNI News|publisher=U.S. Naval Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304054809/https://news.usni.org/2017/12/04/navy-refocus-ddg-1000-surface-strike|archive-date=4 March 2018|access-date=2018-03-02}}</ref> Pembangunan kelas ''Zumwalt'' dihentikan oleh Angkatan Laut AS demi kapal perusak kelas ''[[Kapal perusak kelas Arleigh Burke|Arleigh Burke]]''. Sebuah artikel karangan Mike Fredenburg yang diterbitkan [[National Review]] menyebut ''Zumwalt'' adalah "sebuah bencana yang tak termitigasi".<ref name="Fredenburg">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/443165/zumwalt-class-navy-stealth-destroyer-program-failure|title=How the Navy’s Zumwalt-Class Destroyers Ran Aground|last=FREDENBURG|first=MIKE|website=NationalReview.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220215118/http://www.nationalreview.com/article/443165/zumwalt-class-navy-stealth-destroyer-program-failure|archive-date=20 December 2016|access-date=19 December 2016}}</ref> Desain kelas ''Zumwalt'' lahir dari program DD-21 dengan nama "DD(X)".
 
Kapal-kapal kelas ini digolongkan sebagai kapal perusak, tetapi mereka jauh lebih besar daripada kapal perusak atau kapal [[Kapal penjelajah|penjelajah]] aktif lainnya.<ref name="Marinelink">{{Cite web|url=https://magazines.marinelink.com/Magazines/MaritimeReporter/201312/content/navys-battlewagon-century-211855|title=The Navy’s Battlewagon of the 21st Century|last=Lundquist, Edward|website=Marinelink.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405211159/https://magazines.marinelink.com/Magazines/MaritimeReporter/201312/content/navys-battlewagon-century-211855|archive-date=5 April 2019|access-date=5 April 2019}}</ref> Penampilan khas kapal kelas ini adalah hasil dari persyaratan desain untuk [[penampangjejak radar]] (RCS) yang rendah. Kelas ''Zumwalt'' memiliki bentuk lambung ''[[wave-piercing tumblehome]]'' [[Penindikan gelombang|penusuk-gelombang]] yang sisi-sisinya miring ke dalam di atas garis air, yang secara dramatis mengurangimeminimalisir RCS dengan mengembalikan energi yang jauh lebih sedikitefektif daripada bentukketimbang lambung ''flare''pada konvensionalumumnya. Penampilannya telah dibandingkandikaitkan dengan [[Monitor USS|USS ''Monitor'']] yang bersejarah<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2000/jul/05/news/mn-47870|work=Los Angeles Times|title=New Zumwalt-Class Destroyer Is Not Your Father's Tin Can|date=5 July 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520092359/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/jul/05/news/mn-47870|archive-date=20 May 2011}}</ref> dan antagonisnyaCSS yang''Virginia'', terkenalsekumpulan kapal perang dari era [[CSSPerang VirginiaSaudara Amerika|CSSPerang ''Virginia''Saudara AS.]].<ref name="Marinelink" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jalopnik.com/captain-kirk-will-command-americas-newest-stealth-dest-1456000112/amp|title=Jalopnik.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405211158/https://jalopnik.com/captain-kirk-will-command-americas-newest-stealth-dest-1456000112/amp|archive-date=5 April 2019|access-date=5 April 2019}}</ref>
 
Kelas ini memiliki sistem[[Propulsi dayalistrik terintegrasi|sistem penggerak listrik penuh]] (FEP) yang dapat mengirimmenyalurkan listrik dari generator turbo ke motor penggerak atau, senjata, sistem Total Ship Computing Environment Infrastructure (TSCEI),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2007/10/mil-071030-raytheon01.htm|title=Navy Approves Raytheon's Zumwalt Total Ship Computing Environment Infrastructure|last=John Pike|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305092319/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2007/10/mil-071030-raytheon01.htm|archive-date=5 March 2016|access-date=8 January 2016}}</ref> sistem pemadam kebakaran otomatis, dan isolasisistem pengisolasian pipa pecah otomatis.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sanchez|first=Lucia|date=January–March 2007|title=Electromagnetic Railgun – A "Navy After Next" Game Changer|url=http://www.doncio.navy.mil/chips/ArticleDetails.aspx?ID=2984|journal=CHIPS – the Department of the Navy Information Technology Magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111060230/http://www.doncio.navy.mil/chips/ArticleDetails.aspx?ID=2984|archive-date=11 November 2013|access-date=13 July 2013}}</ref> Kelas ini dirancang untuk membutuhkan jumlah awak yang lebih kecil, dandengan lebihbiaya murahoperasional untukyang beroperasilebih daripadamurah kapaldibandingkan perang yangkapal-kapal sebandingsejenis.
 
[[Kapal utamapemimpin]] diberi nama ''Zumwalt'' atasdemi namamenghormati Laksamana [[Elmo Zumwalt]], dan membawadengan nomor lambung DDG-1000. Awalnya, 32 kapal direncanakan untuk dibangun, dengan biaya penelitianlitbang dan pengembangansebesar US$ 9,6 miliar tersebar di seluruh kelas kapal. Saat perkiraan biaya melampaui perkiraanekspektasi, kuantitasjumlah kapal dikurangi menjadisecara 24, laluperlahan menjadi 7,tiga dankapal. akhirnyaIni menjadipada 3,akhirnya secara signifikan meningkatkanmenaikkan biaya per kapal menjadi US$ 4,24 miliar (tidak termasuk biaya Litbang)<ref name="ndaa69-703">NDAA 2007 pp. 69–70.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Cutting-edge Navy warship being built in Maine|url=http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2012/04/12/cutting-edge-navy-warship-being-built-in-maine/?test=latestnews|publisher=Fox News|date=12 April 2012|access-date=12 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415052649/http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2012/04/12/cutting-edge-navy-warship-being-built-in-maine/?test=latestnews|archive-date=15 April 2012}}</ref> dan, jauh melebihilebih biayamahal perdari unitbiaya darikapal selam [[kapal selam kelas Virginia|kelas ''Virginia'']] bertenagaper nuklirkapal (US$ 2,688 miliar).<ref>The US Navy's budget request for two Virginias in fiscal year 2016 (FY2016) was $5,376.9 million, including $2,030.4M for advance funding from previous years.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RL32418.pdf|title=RL32418, Navy Virginia (SSN-774) Class Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress|date=27 May 2016|website=Congressional Research Service|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006194640/https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RL32418.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2016|access-date=17 October 2016}}</ref> Peningkatan biaya per unit yang dramatis pada akhirnyaalhasil memicu pelanggaran [[Amandemen Nunn – McCurdy|Amandemen Nunn-McCurdy]], danyang pembatalanmemberhentikan produksipembangunan lebihkelas lanjut''Zumwalt'' sepenuhnya.<ref>"Root Cause Analyses of Nunn-McCurdy Breaches --– Zumwalt-Class Destroyer, Joint Strike Fighter, Longbow Apache, and Wideband Global Satellite," Rand Corporation (2011); see Vol. 1, Ch. 3 via http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG1171z1.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019175210/http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG1171z1.html |date=19 October 2016}}</ref> Pada bulan April 2016, total biaya program adalahkelas $''Zumwalt'' mencapai US$22,5 miliar, dengan biaya rata-rata US$ 7,5 miliar per kapal.
 
Mulai Januari 2023, USS ''Zumwalt'' dan USS ''Michael Monsoor'' menjalankan program modernisasi oleh Huntington Ingalls Industry. Meriam AGS ganda pada kedua kapal tersebut akan digantikan oleh empat peluncur rudal, masing-masing menampung tiga rudal Common Hypersonic Glide Body (C-HGB).<ref name=C-HGB/>
 
== Sejarah ==
[[Berkas:Advanced Electric Ship Demonstrator.jpg|jmpl|250px|Advanced Electric Ship Demonstrator (AESD) ''Sea Jet'', anyang Advanceddigunakan Electricsebagai Shiptapak Demonstratoruji teknologi yang kemudian diterapkan di kelas ''Zumwalt'']]
 
=== Latar belakang dan pendanaan ===
[[Berkas:US Navy 050823-N-7676W-052 The Advanced Electric Ship Demonstrator (AESD), Sea Jet, funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), is a 133-foot vessel located at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division.jpg|jmpl|250px|''Sea Jet'', outmenunjukkan ofbentuk thelambung water and showing the unique hull designkhasnya]]Banyak fiturkarakteristik kapalkelas ini yang''Zumwalt'' dikembangkan di bawah program [[DD-21]] ("21st Century Destroyer"), yang awalnyasemula dirancang untuk menggunakan meriam [[Sistem Gun Lanjut|Vertical Gun for Advanced Ships]] (VGAS). Pada tahun 2001, Kongres memotongAS memangkas setengah daridana program DD-21, sebagai bagian dari program [[SC21 (Amerika Serikat)|SC21]]. Untuk menyelamatkannya, program akuisisi diubahtersebut namanyadisusun menjadikembali di bawah nama DD(X) dan banyak hal yang dikerjakan ulang.
 
Awalnya, Angkatan Laut AS berharap untuk membangun 32 kapal kelas ''Zumwalt''. Angka itu berkurang menjadi 24, dan kemudian menjadi 7, yang disebabkan oleh tingginya biaya teknologi yang masih relatif baru dan dalam tahap pengujian.<ref name="ndaa69-703">NDAA 2007 pp. 69–70.</ref> Pada tanggal 23 November 2005, Defense Acquisition Board menyetujui rencana untuk pembangunan dua kapal pertama secara bersamaan di Ingalls Shipbuilding dan Bath Iron Works. Walaupun sebenarnya pada tanggal itu, dana belum disahkan oleh Kongres.
 
Pada akhir Desember 2005, Kongres AS sepakat untuk melanjutkan pendanaan program DD(X). [[Dewan Perwakilan Amerika Serikat|Dewan Perwakilan AS]] hanya memberi Angkatan Laut AS dana untuk pembangunan satu kapal perusak, sebagai "demonstran teknologi". Alokasi dana awal dimasukkan dalam Undang-Undang Otorisasi Pertahanan Nasional tahun 2007.<ref name="ndaa69-703">NDAA 2007 pp. 69–70.</ref> Namun, ini ditambahkan menjadi dua kapal berdasarkan RUU Alokasi 2007<ref name="AP060926">{{Cite news|last=Taylor|first=Andrew|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/26/AR2006092601011_2.html|title=House OKs $70B for Iraq, Afghanistan|agency=Associated Press|work=The Washington Post|date=26 September 2006|access-date=19 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709170839/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/26/AR2006092601011_2.html|archive-date=9 July 2017}}</ref> disetujui pada bulan September 2006, yang mengalokasikan US$2,568 miliar untuk program DDG-1000.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ289.109|title=109th Congress :Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2007|date=29 September 2006|publisher=(109–289) US Government Printing Office|access-date=11 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216022149/http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ289.109|archive-date=16 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
Awalnya, Angkatan Laut berharap untuk membangun 32 kapal perusak. Angka itu berkurang menjadi 24, kemudian menjadi 7, karena tingginya biaya teknologi baru dan eksperimental.<ref name="ndaa69-703">NDAA 2007 pp. 69–70.</ref> Pada tanggal 23 November 2005, Dewan Akuisisi Pertahanan menyetujui rencana untuk pembangunan simultan dari dua kapal pertama di [[Ingalls Shipbuilding|galangan kapal Ingall]] [[Northrop Grumman]] di [[Pascagoula, Mississippi]] dan [[Bath Iron Works]] [[General Dynamics]] di [[Bath, Maine]]. Namun, pada tanggal itu, dana belum disahkan oleh Kongres.
 
Pada tanggal 31 Juli 2008, pejabat akuisisi Angkatan Laut AS mengatakan kepada Kongres AS bahwa Angkatan Laut AS perlu membangun lebih banyak kapal perusak kelas ''Arleigh Burke'', dan tidak lagi membutuhkan kelas DDG-1000;<ref name="noneed">{{Cite web|url=http://archive.navytimes.com/article/20080731/NEWS/807310319/Navy-No-need-add-DDG-1000s-after-all|title=Navy: No Need to Add DDG 1000s After All|date=31 July 2008|website=Navy Times|publisher=Gannett Government Media|access-date=25 January 2016}}{{Pranala mati}}</ref> Hanya dua kapal perusak yang disetujui akan dibangun. Angkatan Laut AS mengatakan gambaran ancaman dunia telah berubah sedemikian rupa sehingga lebih masuk akal untuk membangun setidaknya delapan perusak kelas ''Arleigh Burke'', alih-alih DDG-1000.<ref name="noneed" /> Angkatan Laut AS menyimpulkan dari 15 laporan rahasia bahwa DDG-1000 akan rentan terhadap berbagai bentuk serangan rudal.<ref name="Smith and Nakashima">{{Cite news|first=R. Jeffrey|last=Smith|first2=Ellen|last2=Nakashima|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/07/AR2009030702216.html?hpid=topnews|title=Pentagon's Unwanted Projects in Earmarks|work=Washington Post|date=8 March 2009|pages=A01|access-date=19 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226111134/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/07/AR2009030702216.html?hpid=topnews|archive-date=26 December 2016}}</ref> Banyak anggota Kongres mempertanyakan Angkatan Laut AS yang menyelesaikan evaluasi ulang menyeluruh terhadap gambaran ancaman dunia hanya dalam beberapa minggu, setelah menghabiskan sekitar 13 tahun dan US$10 miliar untuk pengembangan program kapal perusak yang dikenal sebagai DD-21, kemudian DD(X), dan akhirnya DDG-1000.<ref name="noneed" /> Kepala Operasi Angkatan Laut Gary Roughead menyatakan perlunya menyediakan pertahanan udara kewilayahan dan ancaman baru spesifik seperti rudal balistik dan kepemilikan rudal antikapal oleh kelompok-kelompok seperti [[Hizbullah (Lebanon)|Hizbullah]].<ref name="Roughead">{{Cite journal|last=Cavas|first=Christopher P|date=26 September 2008|title=Roughead pushes for littoral combat ship|url=http://www.navytimes.com/news/2008/09/defense_roughead_092408/|journal=Navy Times}}</ref> Masalah struktural yang diperdebatkan belum dibahas di depan umum. Sekretaris Angkatan Laut AS Donald Winter mengatakan pada 4 September bahwa "Memastikan bahwa kita memiliki—katakanlah, sebuah kapal perusak—dalam anggaran '09 [2009] lebih penting daripada [meributkan] apakah itu DDG 1000 atau [[Kapal perusak kelas Arleigh Burke|DDG 51]]".<ref name="Navytimes080916">{{Cite journal|last=Cavas|first=Christopher P|date=16 September 2008|title=Troubled DDG 1000 faces shipyard problems|url=http://www.navytimes.com/news/2008/09/navy_zumwalt_091508w/|journal=Navy Times}}</ref>
Pada akhir Desember 2005, DPR dan Senat sepakat untuk melanjutkan pendanaan program tersebut. [[Dewan Perwakilan Amerika Serikat|Dewan Perwakilan]] AS hanya memberi Angkatan Laut uang yang cukup untuk memulai pembangunan satu kapal perusak, sebagai "demonstran teknologi". Alokasi dana awal dimasukkan dalam Undang-Undang Otorisasi Pertahanan Nasional tahun 2007.<ref name="ndaa69-703">NDAA 2007 pp. 69–70.</ref> Namun, ini ditingkatkan menjadi dua kapal berdasarkan RUU alokasi 2007<ref name="AP060926">{{Cite news|last=Taylor|first=Andrew|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/26/AR2006092601011_2.html|title=House OKs $70B for Iraq, Afghanistan|agency=Associated Press|work=The Washington Post|date=26 September 2006|access-date=19 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709170839/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/26/AR2006092601011_2.html|archive-date=9 July 2017}}</ref> disetujui pada September 2006, yang mengalokasikan US $2,568 miliar untuk program DDG-1000.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ289.109|title=109th Congress :Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2007|date=29 September 2006|publisher=(109–289) US Government Printing Office|access-date=11 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216022149/http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ289.109|archive-date=16 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Pada tanggal 19 Agustus 2008, Winter dilaporkan mengatakan bahwa kapal kelas ''Zumwalt'' ketiga akan dibangun di Bath Iron Works, mengutip kekhawatiran tentang mempertahankan kapasitas pembuatan kapal.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3682875|title=Lawmaker: Third DDG 1000 Far From Done Deal|last=Ewing|first=Philip|date=19 August 2008|work=Defense News}}{{Pranala mati}}</ref> Ketua Subkomite Pertahanan Dewan Perwakilan AS John Murtha mengatakan pada tanggal 23 September 2008 bahwa ia telah setuju untuk mendanai sebagian dari kapal DDG-1000 ketiga dalam RUU Otorisasi Pertahanan 2009.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Scully|first=Megan|date=24 September 2008|title=Negotiators agree to buy more F-22s, Zumwalt destroyers|url=http://www.govexec.com/story_page.cfm?articleid=41042|journal=Congress Daily|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114120319/http://www.govexec.com/story_page.cfm?articleid=41042|archive-date=14 January 2009|access-date=11 October 2008}}</ref>
Pada 31 Juli 2008, pejabat akuisisi Angkatan Laut AS mengatakan kepada Kongres bahwa cabang angkatan bersenjata tersebut perlu membeli lebih banyak Arleigh Burke, dan tidak lagi membutuhkan kelas DDG-1000 generasi berikutnya,<ref name="noneed">{{Cite web|url=http://archive.navytimes.com/article/20080731/NEWS/807310319/Navy-No-need-add-DDG-1000s-after-all|title=Navy: No Need to Add DDG 1000s After All|date=31 July 2008|website=Navy Times|publisher=Gannett Government Media|access-date=25 January 2016}}{{Pranala mati}}</ref> Hanya dua kapal perusak yang disetujui akan dibangun. Angkatan Laut mengatakan gambar ancaman dunia telah berubah sedemikian rupa sehingga sekarang lebih masuk akal untuk membangun setidaknya delapan ''Burke'', alih-alih DDG-1000.<ref name="noneed" /> Angkatan Laut menyimpulkan dari lima belas laporan intelijen rahasia bahwa DDG-1000 akan rentan terhadap berbagai bentuk serangan rudal.<ref name="Smith and Nakashima">{{Cite news|first=R. Jeffrey|last=Smith|first2=Ellen|last2=Nakashima|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/07/AR2009030702216.html?hpid=topnews|title=Pentagon's Unwanted Projects in Earmarks|work=Washington Post|date=8 March 2009|pages=A01|access-date=19 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226111134/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/07/AR2009030702216.html?hpid=topnews|archive-date=26 December 2016}}</ref> Banyak anggota subkomite Kongres mempertanyakan Angkatan Laut yang menyelesaikan evaluasi ulang menyeluruh terhadap gambaran ancaman dunia hanya dalam beberapa minggu, setelah menghabiskan sekitar 13 tahun dan $10 miliar untuk pengembangan program kapal permukaan yang dikenal sebagai DD-21, kemudian DD(X), dan akhirnya DDG-1000.<ref name="noneed" /> Selanjutnya, Kepala Operasi Angkatan Laut Gary Roughead menyatakan perlunya menyediakan pertahanan udara kewilayahan dan ancaman baru spesifik seperti rudal balistik dan kepemilikan rudal antikapal oleh kelompok-kelompok seperti [[Hizbullah (Lebanon)|Hezbollah]].<ref name="Roughead">{{Cite journal|last=Cavas|first=Christopher P|date=26 September 2008|title=Roughead pushes for littoral combat ship|url=http://www.navytimes.com/news/2008/09/defense_roughead_092408/|journal=Navy Times}}</ref> Masalah struktural yang diperdebatkan belum dibahas di depan umum. [[Sekretaris Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat|Sekretaris Angkatan Laut]] [[Donald Winter]] mengatakan pada 4 September bahwa "Memastikan bahwa kita memiliki—katakanlah, sebuah kapal perusak—dalam anggaran '09 lebih penting daripada [meributkan] apakah itu DDG 1000 atau DDG 51".<ref name="Navytimes080916">{{Cite journal|last=Cavas|first=Christopher P|date=16 September 2008|title=Troubled DDG 1000 faces shipyard problems|url=http://www.navytimes.com/news/2008/09/navy_zumwalt_091508w/|journal=Navy Times}}</ref>
 
== Daftar kapal ==
Pada 19 Agustus 2008, Sekretaris Musim Dingin dilaporkan mengatakan bahwa ''Zumwalt'' ketiga akan dibangun di Bath Iron Works, mengutip kekhawatiran tentang mempertahankan kapasitas pembuatan kapal.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3682875|title=Lawmaker: Third DDG 1000 Far From Done Deal|last=Ewing|first=Philip|date=19 August 2008|work=Defense News}}{{Pranala mati}}</ref> Ketua Subkomite Pertahanan Pertahanan DPR [[John Murtha]] mengatakan pada 23 September 2008 bahwa ia telah setuju untuk mendanai sebagian dari DDG-1000 ketiga dalam RUU otorisasi Pertahanan 2009.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Scully|first=Megan|date=24 September 2008|title=Negotiators agree to buy more F-22s, Zumwalt destroyers|url=http://www.govexec.com/story_page.cfm?articleid=41042|journal=Congress Daily|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114120319/http://www.govexec.com/story_page.cfm?articleid=41042|archive-date=14 January 2009|access-date=11 October 2008}}</ref>
Untuk dua kapal pertama kelas ''Zumwalt'', Angkatan Laut AS menggunakan sistem peresmian istimewa; dimana pada tahap "peresmian", kapal-kapal tersebut masih harus berlayar ke San Diego untuk penugasan dan dipasangkan persenjataan.<ref name="special commissioning">{{cite web |url=https://seapowermagazine.org/geurts-third-zumwalt-ddg-will-be-commissioned-after-combat-systems-activation/ |title=Geurts: Third Zumwalt DDG Will Be Commissioned After Combat Systems Activation |last=Burgess |first=Richard R. |date=April 28, 2020 |website= |publisher=Seapower Magazine |access-date=February 12, 2021}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Nama
! scope="col" | No. Lambung
! scope="col" | Dibangun
! scope="col" | Diluncurkan
! scope="col" | Diresmikan
! scope="col" | Bertugas
! scope="col" | Pangkalan
! scope="col" | Status
|-
! scope="row" | {{USS|Zumwalt||2}}
! scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;" | DDG 1000
| 17 November 2011
| 28 Oktober 2013
| 15 Oktober 2016
| 24 April 2020<ref>{{cite web |last1=Public Affairs |first1=NAVSEA PEO Ships |title=Navy accepts delivery of destroyer USS Zumwalt |url=https://www.cpf.navy.mil/news.aspx/130601 |website=www.cpf.navy.mil |date=24 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425001551/https://www.cpf.navy.mil/news.aspx/130601|archive-date=April 25, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Pascagoula, Mississippi
| Aktif
|-
! scope="row" | {{USS|Michael Monsoor||2}}
! scope="row" | DDG 1001
| 23 Mei 2013
| 21 Juni 2016
| 26 Januari 2019<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://navylive.dodlive.mil/2019/01/23/uss-michael-monsoor-ddg-1001-commissioning/ |title=USS Michael Monsoor (DDG 1001) Commissioning |website=navylive.dodlive.mil |access-date=27 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082813/http://navylive.dodlive.mil/2019/01/23/uss-michael-monsoor-ddg-1001-commissioning/ |archive-date=28 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|
|San Diego, California
| Dalam masa peresmian<ref name="special commissioning"/>
|-
! scope="row" | {{USS|Lyndon B. Johnson||2}}
! scope="row" | DDG 1002
| 30 Januari 2017
| 9 Desember 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2018/12/10/the-us-navys-last-stealth-destroyer-is-in-the-water/|title = The US Navy's last stealth destroyer is in the water|date = 11 December 2018}}</ref>
|
|
|
| Dalam tahap uji laik
|}
 
== Referensi ==
Baris 38 ⟶ 136:
* Army Regulations 600-8-27 dated 2006
* Forczyk, Robert. ''Russian Battleship vs Japanese battleship, Yellow Sea 1904–05.'' 2009 Osprey. ISBN 978-1-84603-330-8.
{{Commons category|Zumwalt class destroyer}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Kapal_perusak_kelas_Zumwalt"