Malcolm Turnbull: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 67:
Setelah menjabat sebagai menteri di kabinet [[pemerintahan Howard]], Turnbull [[pemilihan ketua Partai Liberal Australia 2008|diangkat]] sebagai Ketua Partai Liberal sekaligus [[Daftar ketua oposisi Australia|Ketua Oposisi]] pada September 2008. Pada November 2009, Partai Liberal terbelah setelah ia meminta partai mendukung [[Skema Pengurangan Polusi Karbon]] yang diusung oleh [[Partai Buruh Australia|pemerintahan Partai Buruh]]. Dalam [[pemilihan ketua Partai Liberal Australia 2009|pemilihan ketua partai]] bulan Desember, Turnbull dikalahkan oleh [[Tony Abbott]] dengan selisih satu suara. Walaupun sempat memikirkan untuk meninggalkan dunia politik, Turnbull memilih untuk melanjutkan karirnya dan kemudian dilantik oleh Abbott sebagai [[Menteri Komunikasi Australia]] setelah kemenangan [[Koalisi Liberal/Nasional]] di [[pemilihan umum federal Australia 2013]]. Turnbull menjabat sebagai [[Menteri Komunikasi (Australia)|Menteri Komunikasi]] di kabinet [[pemerintahan Abbott]] sejak 2013 sampai September 2015.
Setelah mengamati hasil survei yang tidak menguntungkan koalisi pemerintahan, ia kemudian mengundurkan diri untuk merebut jabatan ketua partai dari Abbott. Dalam [[pemilihan ketua Partai Liberal Australia September 2015|pemilihan ketua 2015]], Turnbull mengalahkan Abbott dengan perolehan 54 suara versus 44 suara. Ia kemudian dilantik sebagai perdana menteri pada hari yang sama. [[Pemerintahan Turnbull]] menginisiasi program Agenda Nasional Inovasi dan Sains sebagai kebijakan ekonomi pentingnya, mendorong pendidikan [[STEM]], menambah [[modal ventura]] untuk [[perusahaan rintisan]] dan meluncurkan "boom ide".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Borrello|first1=Eliza|date=7 December 2015|title=Innovation statement: PM Malcolm Turnbull calls for 'ideas boom' as he unveils $1b vision for Australia's future|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-07/pm-malcolm-turnbull-unveils-$1-billion-innovation-program/7006952|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108110037/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-07/pm-malcolm-turnbull-unveils-$1-billion-innovation-program/7006952|archive-date=8 November 2020|access-date=20 October 2020|website=ABC News|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull juga meluncurkan "penawaran kota" dengan pemerintah lokal dan negara bagian untuk meningkatkan hasil perencanaan dan mendorong investasi ke dalam beberapa proyek infrastruktur seperti [[Bandara Udara Sydney Barat]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dole|first1=Nick|date=24 March 2016|title=UK 'city deals' model to be adapted for Australia under Malcolm Turnbull's cities plan|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-25/uk-city-model-to-be-adapted-for-australia/7276252|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108091843/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-25/uk-city-model-to-be-adapted-for-australia/7276252|archive-date=8 November 2020|access-date=20 October 2020|website=ABC News|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada 2016, Turnbull memimpin Koalisi atas kemenangan tipis di [[Pemilihan umum federal Australia 2016|pemilihan pembubaran ganda]].<ref name="lead2">{{cite web|title=Party representation – 2016 Tally Room: AEC|url=http://vtr.aec.gov.au/HousePartyRepresentationLeading-20499.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720071728/http://vtr.aec.gov.au/HousePartyRepresentationLeading-20499.htm|archive-date=20 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pada masa jabatan keduanya, Turnbull menginisiasi dan berkampanye plebisit perkawinan sesama jenis dimana ia secara aktif berkampanye untuk opsi "Ya" yang menang di plebisit tersebut. Turnbull juga mengumumkan Snowy Hydro 2.0, perluasan besar-besaran dari Snowy Mountains Scheme sebagai komponen kunci dalam memungkinkan transisi ke [[energi terbarukan]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Coorey|first1=Phillip|date=15 March 2017|title=Federal government to pour $2 billion into major Snowy Hydro expansion|url=https://www.afr.com/politics/federal-government-to-pour-2bn-into-major-snowy-hydro-expansion-20170315-guyo3r|website=Australian Financial Review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020013737/https://www.afr.com/politics/federal-government-to-pour-2bn-into-major-snowy-hydro-expansion-20170315-guyo3r|archive-date=20 October 2021|access-date=20 October 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada akhir tahun 2017, pemerintah mengalami [[Krisis eligibilitas Parlemen Australia 2017-18|krisis kelayakan parlemen]] yang menyebabkan lima belas anggota parlemen terpaksa keluar dari Parlemen karena kekhawatiran mengenai [[kewarganegaraan ganda]].
Untuk mengatasi perubahan iklim dan mereformasi kebijakan energi, pada Agustus 2018 Turnbull mengusulkan [[Jaminan Energi Nasional]]. Meski awalnya disetujui Kabinet, kebijakan tersebut akhirnya ditolak oleh majelis partai. Hal ini, ditambah dengan jajak pendapat yang buruk, menyebabkan [[Peter Dutton]] menantang Turnbull untuk kepemimpinan Liberal. Meskipun Turnbull mengalahkan Dutton di ruang partai, mayoritas anggota parlemen menuntut tumpahan kedua, namun Turnbull tidak menentangnya. Pada 24 Agustus 2018, [[Scott Morrison]] mengalahkan Dutton dan [[Julie Bishop]] dalam kontes tersebut, dan menggantikan Turnbull sebagai perdana menteri. Turnbull mengundurkan diri dari Parlemen, memicu pemilihan sela di bekas kursinya di Wentworth.<ref name="Mizen-20182">{{cite news|last=Mizen|first=Ronald|date=31 August 2018|title=Malcolm Turnbull formally resigns, forces byelection|url=https://www.afr.com/news/politics/election/malcolm-turnbull-formally-resigns-forces-byelection-20180831-h14rte?|newspaper=[[Australian Financial Review]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831101658/https://www.afr.com/news/politics/election/malcolm-turnbull-formally-resigns-forces-byelection-20180831-h14rte|archive-date=31 August 2018|access-date=31 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Partai Liberal kalah dalam pemilihan sela dari kandidat independen [[Kerryn Phelps]], yang mengakibatkan Koalisi kehilangan mayoritas absolutnya di Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat.
Sejak pensiun dari dunia politik, Turnbull telah menjadi penasihat Kasada, sebuah perusahaan rintisan [[keamanan siber]] Australia.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Eyers|first1=James|date=22 June 2020|title=Turnbull joins Kasada board, touts Huawei foresight|url=https://www.afr.com/technology/turnbull-joins-kasada-board-touts-huawei-foresight-20200621-p554s1|website=Australian Financial Review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022183057/https://www.afr.com/technology/turnbull-joins-kasada-board-touts-huawei-foresight-20200621-p554s1|archive-date=22 October 2020|access-date=20 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Dia kritis terhadap arah Partai Liberal, dan bergabung dengan mantan lawannya [[Kevin Rudd]] dalam mengkritik dominasi [[News Corp (2013-sekarang)|News Corp]] milik [[Rupert Murdoch]] dalam debat politik Australia.
Baris 76 ⟶ 78:
Setelah menghabiskan 3 tahun pertama di [[Sekolah Umum Vaucluse]] dia mulai bersekolah di Sydney Grammar School di St Ives. Turnbull menulis bahwa dia benci sekolah berasrama, karena dia diintimidasi karena mengompol.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 12-13</ref> Bruce, yang kini menjadi ayah tunggal, kesulitan membayar biaya sekolah, menyebabkan banyak surat dikirim ke kediaman Turnbull dari bendahara sekolah.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 14</ref> Masalah keuangan ini memaksa keluarga Turnbull untuk pindah dari Vaucluse ke sebuah flat kecil di Double Bay, tempat mereka tinggal tanpa banyak perabotan.<ref>Turnbull (2020) p. 14-15</ref> Turnbull kemudian mulai bersekolah di kampus sekolah menengah Grammar di College Street, dengan beasiswa parsial.<ref>{{cite web|last=Manning|first=Paddy|date=23 October 2015|title=The lonely childhood of Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/the-lonely-childhood-of-prime-minister-malcolm-turnbull-20151022-gkfi6c.html|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018060320/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/the-lonely-childhood-of-prime-minister-malcolm-turnbull-20151022-gkfi6c.html|archive-date=18 October 2017|access-date=25 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Selama ini dia tinggal di bekas fasilitas asrama sekolah Randwick.<ref name="Clune-2013">{{cite web|last=Clune|first=Richard|date=1 March 2013|title=GQ&A with Malcolm Turnbull|url=https://www.gq.com.au/life/people/gq+a+with+malcolm+turnbull,22392|work=GQ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234610/http://www.gq.com.au/life/people/gq+a+with+malcolm+turnbull,22392|archive-date=30 December 2013|access-date=19 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography|url=http://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/meet-malcolm/biography|publisher=Malcolm Turnbull MP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114145953/http://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/meet-malcolm/biography|archive-date=14 January 2014|access-date=29 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Q&A">{{cite web|date=20 December 2018|title=Panellist: Malcolm Turnbull|url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/qanda/txt/s2926624.htm|work=Q&A|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102024559/http://www.abc.net.au/tv/qanda/txt/s2926624.htm|archive-date=2 January 2014|access-date=29 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Overington-2008">{{cite news|last1=Overington|first1=Caroline|author-link1=Caroline Overington|last2=Madden|first2=James|date=17 September 2008|title=I'm no silvertail, says new leader Malcolm Turnbull|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/politics/im-no-silvertail-says-new-leader/story-e6frgczf-1111117505479|newspaper=The Australian|publisher=News Limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812064708/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/politics/im-no-silvertail-says-new-leader/story-e6frgczf-1111117505479|archive-date=12 August 2016|access-date=29 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Juga selama ini Bruce menikah lagi, dan bisnisnya terus berkembang. Keluarga Turnbull pindah ke sebuah apartemen besar di Point Piper, dan tekanan biaya sekolah berkurang.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 19</ref> Meskipun ahli matematika biasa-biasa saja, Turnbull unggul dalam bahasa Yunani, Inggris, dan Sejarah, dan bergabung dengan klub debat dan drama, di mana ia memenangkan Kompetisi Oratorium Lawrence Campbell dan masing-masing membintangi sejumlah drama [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]].<ref name="Paddy Manning" /><ref name="Clune-2013" /><ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 19-21</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Tovey|first=Josephine|date=16 December 2013|title=HSC results: Malcolm Turnbull recalls the day he received his results as wait for NSW students is almost over|url=http://www.turfcraft.com.au/news/metro/national/education/hsc-results-malcolm-turnbull-recalls-the-day-he-received-his-results-as-wait-for-nsw-students-is-almost-over/2681908.aspx?storypage=0|publisher=Turf Craft|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131229122011/http://www.turfcraft.com.au/news/metro/national/education/hsc-results-malcolm-turnbull-recalls-the-day-he-received-his-results-as-wait-for-nsw-students-is-almost-over/2681908.aspx?storypage=0|archive-date=29 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dia diangkat menjadi wakil kapten sekolah menengah atas pada tahun 1972,<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 22</ref> namun, bertentangan dengan sumber tertentu, Turnbull bukanlah yang terbaik pada tahun kelulusannya di Sydney Grammar.<ref name="Overington-2008" /><ref name="McNicoll-2008">{{cite news|last=McNicoll|first=D. D.|date=19 September 2008|title=Dux-hunting season|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/dux-hunting-season/story-e6frg6n6-1111117522477|work=The Australian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522082637/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/dux-hunting-season/story-e6frg6n6-1111117522477|archive-date=22 May 2014|access-date=29 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada tahun 1987, untuk mengenang mendiang ayahnya, ia mendirikan beasiswa Bruce Turnbull di Sydney Grammar, yang menawarkan remisi penuh biaya kepada siswa yang tidak mampu membayarnya.<ref name="Q&A" />
Pada tahun 1973, Turnbull kuliah di [[Universitas Sydney]], lulus dengan gelar Bachelor of Arts di bidang ilmu politik pada tahun 1977 dan Bachelor of Laws pada tahun 1978.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malcolm Turnbull's Life and Career at a Glance|url=http://www.businessreviewaustralia.com/leadership/2016/Malcolm-Turnbull's-Life-and-Career-at-a-Glance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510072200/http://www.businessreviewaustralia.com/leadership/2016/Malcolm-Turnbull's-Life-and-Career-at-a-Glance|archive-date=10 May 2017|access-date=20 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="smhrise2">{{cite web|date=16 September 2008|title=The rise and rise of Malcolm Turnbull – National – smh.com.au|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/the-rise-and-rise-of-malcolm-turnbull/2008/09/16/1221330800769.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712125146/http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/the-rise-and-rise-of-malcolm-turnbull/2008/09/16/1221330800769.html|archive-date=12 July 2016|access-date=20 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Fell|first=Liz|author-link=Elizabeth Fell|date=2011|title=Malcolm Turnbull: A feisty interview with the Shadow Minister|url=https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/items/8e19d297-67ac-45e7-8f9f-d4565b67221f/1/|journal=Telecommunications Journal of Australia|volume=61|pages=2.1–2.10|doi=10.7790/tja.v61i1.191|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217010152/https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/8e19d297-67ac-45e7-8f9f-d4565b67221f/1/tja_2011_vol61_no1_02-fell.pdf|archive-date=17 February 2024|url-status=live|number=1|hdl=1959.3/455311|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://sydney.edu.au/news/84.html?newsstoryid=12344|title=University of Sydney welcomes alumni to Cabinet|first=Kirsten|last=Andrews|publisher=University of Sydney|date=16 September 2013|access-date=29 December 2013|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235118/http://sydney.edu.au/news/84.html?newsstoryid=12344|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull menulis untuk surat kabar sekolah, [[Honi Soit|''Honi Soit'']], sebagian besar menulis tentang politik.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 24</ref> Turnbull juga mengunjungi mantan [[Daftar Perdana Menteri New South Wales|Perdana Menteri New South Wales]] [[Jack Lang]], berdiskusi mengenai keadaan politik tahun 1920an dan 1930an.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 25</ref> Selama masa studinya, ia terlibat dalam politik mahasiswa, menjabat sebagai direktur dewan Universitas Sydney Union dan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Mahasiswa.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jonscher|first=Samantha|date=22 September 2015|title=Peculiar Turnbullisms: Malcolm At Sydney Uni – Honi Soit|url=http://honisoit.com/2015/09/peculiar-turnbullisms-malcolm-at-sydney-uni/|publisher=[[Honi Soit]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222120359/http://honisoit.com/2015/09/peculiar-turnbullisms-malcolm-at-sydney-uni/|archive-date=22 December 2015|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Liz Hannan|title=Presidency a predictor of future political success|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/presidency-a-predictor-of-future-political-success-20120914-25xoq.html|publisher=Smh.com.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111134802/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/presidency-a-predictor-of-future-political-success-20120914-25xoq.html|archive-date=11 November 2016|access-date=14 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Ia juga bekerja paruh waktu sebagai jurnalis politik untuk ''[[Nation Review]]'', [[Radio 2SM]] dan [[Channel 9 (Australia)|Channel 9]], yang meliput politik negara.<ref name="smhrise2" /> Sekitar waktu ini, Turnbull akan bertemu dengan pengusaha Kerry Packer, yang kemudian dia lakukan pekerjaan hukum yang ekstensif.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 28-29</ref>
Pada tahun 1978, Turnbull memenangkan Beasiswa Rhodes dan kuliah di Brasenose College, Oxford, di mana ia belajar sebentar untuk mendapatkan gelar bisnis sebelum beralih ke gelar pascasarjana Sarjana Hukum Perdata dari tahun 1978 hingga 1980, dan lulus dengan pujian.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rhodes scholars|url=http://sydney.edu.au/alumni/our-alumni/recognition/rhodes-scholars.shtml|publisher=University of Sydney|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231001253/http://sydney.edu.au/alumni/our-alumni/recognition/rhodes-scholars.shtml|archive-date=31 December 2013|access-date=29 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 36</ref> Selama di Oxford, dia bekerja untuk ''[[The Sunday Times (Britania Raya)|The Sunday Times]]'' dan berkontribusi pada surat kabar dan majalah di Amerika Serikat dan Australia.<ref>{{cite news|last=Daley|first=Paul|date=21 September 2008|title=Team Kevin rattled as Malcolm eyes the middle|url=http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/team-kevin-rattled-as-malcolm-eyes-the-middle-20080920-4kmx.html|work=The Age|location=Melbourne|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216121414/http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/team-kevin-rattled-as-malcolm-eyes-the-middle-20080920-4kmx.html|archive-date=16 December 2008|access-date=27 April 2010|url-status=live}}{{better source needed|date=June 2024|reason=No mentions of The Sunday Times found, use another source or quote this one properly.}}</ref> Ia berteman dengan perdana menteri Britania Raya masa depan [[Theresa May]] yang memuji Turnbull karena mendorong suaminya [[Philip May]] untuk melamarnya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bryant|first=Nick|date=2023-06-22|title=The prime minister factory: How a UK uni is shaping Australian life|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/the-prime-minister-factory-why-is-a-uk-uni-shaping-australian-life-20230518-p5d9h9.html|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826214609/https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/the-prime-minister-factory-why-is-a-uk-uni-shaping-australian-life-20230518-p5d9h9.html|archive-date=26 August 2023|access-date=2023-08-26|quote=As a law student at Oxford in the late 1970s, Malcolm Turnbull befriended the future Conservative prime minister Theresa May. Indeed, she credits Turnbull for nudging her husband, Philip, another Oxford contemporary, into proposing.|url-access=registration|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull juga menemukan bakal istrinya, [[Lucy Hughes]] pada masa kuliahnya.<ref>Turnbull (2020), p. 38</ref> Selama masa Turnbull di Oxford, seorang don universitas menulis tentang dia bahwa dia "selalu akan memasuki ruangan kehidupan tanpa mengetuk pintu".<ref>{{cite news|date=19 September 2015|title=Turnbull's turn|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21665053-yet-another-prime-minister-removed-and-assassin-malcolm-turnbull-promises|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|location=Sydney|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220718124027/https://www.economist.com/asia/2015/09/19/turnbulls-turn|archive-date=18 July 2022|quote=In the late 1970s Mr Turnbull was a Rhodes scholar at Oxford, where a don wrote of him that he was “always going to enter life’s rooms without knocking”. Back in Australia he made his name as a lawyer and a fortune as a banker and IT entrepreneur.|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
Baris 195 ⟶ 197:
=== Pemilihan umum federal 2016 ===
[[File:Malcolm_Turnbull_visits_Peter_Cosgrove_to_request_double_dissolution.jpg|pra=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/File:Malcolm_Turnbull_visits_Peter_Cosgrove_to_request_double_dissolution.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Turnbull mengunjungi [[Peter Cosgrove]] untuk menyarankannya untuk melakukan pembubaran ganda [[Parlemen Australia]] agar pemilihan umum kedua lembaga legislatif dilaksanakan]]
Pada 21 Maret 2016, Turnbull mengumumkan bahwa bahwa [[Dewan Perwakilan Australia|Parlemen]] akan mempertimbangkan rancangan undang-undang untuk mengembalikan [[Komisi Pembangunan dan Konstruksi Australia]] (ABCC), setelah sebelumnya rancangan undang-undang tersebut ditolak dua kali. Turnbull menyatakan jika [[Senat Australia|Senat]] menolak rancangan undang-undang tersebut untuk ketiga kalinya, ia akan menyarankan gubernur jenderal, [[Peter Cosgrove|Sir Peter Cosgrove]], untuk mengadakan [[pembubaran ganda]] Parlemen dan pemilihan umum federal pada tanggal 2 Juli. Turnbull juga mempercepat penyampaian anggaran federal dari tanggal 10 menjadi 3 Mei untuk memfasilitasi hal ini.<ref name="aprilrecall">{{cite news|date=21 March 2016|title=Malcolm Turnbull recalls Parliament for April 18 sitting ahead of early election|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/malcolm-turnbull-recalls-parliament-for-april-18-sitting-ahead-of-early-election-20160320-gnmy2v.html|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321173013/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/malcolm-turnbull-recalls-parliament-for-april-18-sitting-ahead-of-early-election-20160320-gnmy2v.html|archive-date=21 March 2016|access-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada tanggal 18 April, Senat sekali lagi menolak rancangan undang-undang untuk mengembalikan ABCC. Pada tanggal 8 Mei, Turnbull mengunjungi [[Government House, Canberra|Government House]] untuk menyarankan Cosgrove agar mengeluarkan surat perintah pembubaran ganda pada tanggal 9 Mei; hal ini menegaskan tanggal pemilihan umum pada tanggal 2 Juli 2016.<ref>{{cite web|date=8 May 2016|title=It's official: Malcolm Turnbull confirms Australia will go to the polls on July 2|url=http://www.9news.com.au/National/2016/05/08/08/46/Prime-Minister-Malcolm-Turnbull-set-to-seek-double-dissolution-election|work=Ninemsn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515013249/http://www.9news.com.au/national/2016/05/08/08/46/prime-minister-malcolm-turnbull-set-to-seek-double-dissolution-election|archive-date=15 May 2016|access-date=5 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
Baris 209 ⟶ 211:
Pada Juli 2016, pemerintahan [[Barack Obama]] mendirikan pusat pengungsi di [[Kosta Rika]] sebagai respons terhadap krisis migrasi Amerika Tengah.<ref>{{cite news|last=Holpuch|first=Amanda|date=26 July 2016|title=US partners with Costa Rica to protect Central American refugees|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/26/central-american-refugees-costa-rica-obama-administration|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807232235/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/26/central-american-refugees-costa-rica-obama-administration|archive-date=7 August 2017|access-date=26 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=David Wroe|date=21 September 2016|title='Northern Triangle' of death: Australia-bound refugees fleeing a brutal gang conflict|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/northern-triangle-of-death-australiabound-refugees-fleeing-a-brutal-gang-conflict-20160921-grl9x3.html|work=Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913194521/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/northern-triangle-of-death-australiabound-refugees-fleeing-a-brutal-gang-conflict-20160921-grl9x3.html|archive-date=13 September 2017|access-date=26 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Turnbull dan Dutton kemudian mengumumkan bahwa Australia akan menerima 1,250 pengungsi dari [[Amerika Tengah]] sebagai imbalan Amerika yang akan menerima pengungsi mereka dari [[Nauru]] dan [[Pulau Manus]].<ref>{{cite web|date=12 November 2016|title=Some Refugees Held in Australian Island Camps to Be Resettled in US|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/us-agrees-to-resettle-some-refugees-in-pacific-island-camps/3593927.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618035909/https://www.voanews.com/a/us-agrees-to-resettle-some-refugees-in-pacific-island-camps/3593927.html|archive-date=18 June 2017|access-date=26 July 2017|agency=[[Associated Press]]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=13 November 2016|title=PM unveils 'one-off' refugee resettlement deal with US|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-11-13/australia-announces-refugee-resettlement-deal-with-us/8021120|newspaper=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203160813/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-11-13/australia-announces-refugee-resettlement-deal-with-us/8021120|archive-date=3 February 2017|access-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Manus and Nauru resettlement deal - Labor asks why it has taken so long|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/immigration/manus-nauru-resettlement-deal-labor-asks-why-its-taken-so-long/news-story/eba0f9607e3e258527f0acdc8b8fef1d}}</ref> Kesepakatan ini dikritik oleh [[Donald Trump]] yang menyatakan bahwa perjanjian tersebut adalah perjanjian "konyol" dan "perjanjian terburuk sepanjang masa".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Murphy|first=Katharine|last2=Doherty|first2=Ben|date=2017-02-02|title=Trump lashes 'dumb deal' with Australia on refugees after fraught call with Turnbull|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/feb/02/trump-told-turnbull-refugee-agreement-was-the-worst-deal-ever-report|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2024-11-11}}</ref>
[[The Washington Post|''The Washington Post'']] membocorkan isi percakapan Malcolm Turnbull dan Donald Trump yang dilakukan pada 28 Januari 2017<ref>{{cite news|title='This deal will make me look terrible': Full transcripts of Trump's calls with Mexico and Australia|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/politics/australia-mexico-transcripts/|newspaper=Washington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110181337/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/politics/australia-mexico-transcripts/|archive-date=10 January 2021|access-date=3 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> dimana keduanya terlibat dalam perdebatan mengenai perjanjian yang disetujui diantaranya dan Obama.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-03|title=Trump-Turnbull Terlibat 'Perdebatan' dalam Pembicaraan Telepon|url=https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/trump-bentrok-dengan-pm-australia-/3704611.html|website=VOA Indonesia|language=id|access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref> Pada 2 Februari 2017, Trump menulis di Twitter bahwa perjanjian yang dilakukan Obama adalah perjanjian "konyol".<ref>{{cite news|title='This was the worst call by far': Trump badgered, bragged and abruptly ended phone call with Australian leader|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/no-gday-mate-on-call-with-australian-pm-trump-badgers-and-brags/2017/02/01/88a3bfb0-e8bf-11e6-80c2-30e57e57e05d_story.html|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413190101/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/no-gday-mate-on-call-with-australian-pm-trump-badgers-and-brags/2017/02/01/88a3bfb0-e8bf-11e6-80c2-30e57e57e05d_story.html|archive-date=13 April 2019|access-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2 February 2017|title=Trump slams "dumb deal" to take Australia's "illegal" refugees|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-02/trump-slams-dumb-refugee-deal/8235820|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203083600/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-02/trump-slams-dumb-refugee-deal/8235820|archive-date=3 February 2017|access-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat]] [[Mike Pence]] kemudian mengonfirmasi bahwa Trump akan menghargai perjanjian yang dibuat dengan Obama dan Turnbull dan akan menerima pencari suaka dengan pemeriksaan ketat.<ref>{{cite web|date=30 April 2017|title=Refugee swap still on, but some will miss out|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/immigration/refugee-swap-still-on-but-some-will-miss-out/news-story/9e944157f819e4c20efc4108c28ddc03}}</ref> Australia menerima pencari suaka dari [[Amerika Tengah]] pada Juli 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Packham|first1=Colin|date=25 July 2017|title=Exclusive: Australia to accept first Central American refugees under U.S. deal – sources|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-australia-refugees-idUSKBN1AA0NO|newspaper=Reuters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904013401/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-australia-refugees-idUSKBN1AA0NO|archive-date=4 September 2017|access-date=4 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
==== Plebisit perkawinan sesama jenis ====
Baris 225 ⟶ 229:
=== Pemilihan kepemimpinan Agustus 2018 ===
Pada 21 Agustus 2018, Partai Liberal melakukan pemungutan suara dimana Malcolm Turnbull berhasil bertahan dari tantangan yang dilontarkan oleh [[Menteri Dalam Negeri Australia]] [[Peter Dutton]] dengan 48 suara melawan 38.<ref name="abc">{{cite web|date=21 August 2018|title=Live: Turnbull sees off Dutton challenge, but leadership turmoil to continue|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-21/politics-live-malcolm-turnbull-in-partyroom-meeting/10146280|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810064841/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-21/politics-live-malcolm-turnbull-sees-off-peter-dutton-challenge/10146280|archive-date=10 August 2021|access-date=21 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Remeikis-2018">{{cite web|last1=Remeikis|first1=Amy|last2=Hutchens|first2=Gareth|date=21 August 2018|title=Dutton resigns after Turnbull survives Liberal leadership spill 48-35 – politics live|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2018/aug/21/liberal-leadership-dutton-turnbull-energy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821002922/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2018/aug/21/liberal-leadership-dutton-turnbull-energy|archive-date=21 August 2018|access-date=21 August 2018|last3=Murphy|first3=Katharine|last4=Knaus|first4=Christopher|via=www.theguardian.com|url-status=live}}</ref> Pemunggutan suara ini menggarisbawahi tensi ideologis antara sayap moderat yang dipimpin Turnbull dan sayap konservatif yang diwakili Dutton dan Tony Abbott. Dari 21 hingga 23 September, tensi kedua sayap tersebut semakin intensif dan Dutton mengumumkan bahwa ia ingin menantang Turnbull kembali pada pagi hari 23 September 2018. Tensi yang semakin intensif tersebut menyebabkan sebagian besar dari kabinet Turnbull mengundurkan diri. Turnbull awalnya menolak untuk melakukan pemungutan suara, namun saat yang sama beberapa pendukung penting Turnbull, terutama [[Michaelia Cash]], [[Mitch Fifield]], dan [[Mathias Cormann]] memberi nasihat kepada Turnbull bahwa ia tidak memiliki dukungan yang cukup dan mengundurkan diri dari jabatan kabinet.<ref name="abc23">{{cite news|last1=Sweeney|first1=Lucy|last2=Belot|first2=Henry|date=23 August 2018|title=Malcolm Turnbull allies jump ship, saying numbers now favour Peter Dutton|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-23/live-peter-dutton-poised-to-challenge-malcolm-turnbull-again/10155008|work=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|access-date=23 August 2018}}</ref> Malcolm Turnbull kemudian memberi pernyataan pers bahwa ia akan membuka pertemuan partai jika ia diberikan petisi yang ditandatangani oleh setidaknya 43 anggota Liberal.<ref name="petitionlist">{{cite web|date=24 August 2018|title=Malcolm Turnbull asked to see who wanted him out — here are the Liberal MPs that signed on|url=http://abc.net.au/news/2018-08-24/the-liberal-mps-that-sparked-the-spill/10161660|work=ABC News}}</ref> Ia juga menyatakan jika ada pemungutan suara kedua, ia akan mengundurkan diri sebagai ketua umum dan tidak akan mencalonkan kembali. Pada 24 September, Jaksa Agung Muda Australia memberi nasihat bahwa Peter Dutton masih bisa memenuhi syarat untuk mengabdi sebagai anggota parlemen namun ada risiko bahwa Dutton ditemukan memiliki konflik kepentingan oleh Pengadilan Tinggi Australia dan dapat dikeluarkan dari parlemen.<ref>{{cite web|date=24 August 2018|title=Solicitor general says Dutton 'not incapable' of sitting but high court may find conflict of interest|url=https://amp.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/aug/24/solicitor-general-says-dutton-not-incapable-of-sitting-but-high-court-may-find-conflict-of-interest|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Dutton kemudian memberikan petisi yang sudah ditandatangani kepada Turnbull dan Turnbull membuka pemungutan suara.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-08-24|title=Peter Dutton Has Delivered A Petition To Turnbull Demanding A Party Meeting|url=https://www.hit.com.au/news/national/peter-dutton-has-delivered-a-petition-to-turnbull-demanding-a-party-meeting|work=hit network!|access-date=24 August 2018}}</ref> Hasilnya, [[Scott Morrison]] dipilih untuk menggantikan posisi Turnbull sebagai ketua umum dan Perdana Menteri Australia dengan 45 suara melawan 40 yang diraih Dutton.<ref name="LIVE12">{{cite news|last1=Knaus|first1=Christopher|last2=McGowan|first2=Michael|last3=Murphy|first3=Katharine|date=24 August 2018|title=Scott Morrison sworn in as Australia's 30th prime minister – politics live|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2018/aug/24/liberal-spill-malcolm-turnbull-peter-dutton-scott-morrison-liberal-spill-politics-parliament-live|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Turnbull mengangap pemungutan suara kedua ini sebagai mosi ketidakpercayaan terhadapnya.<ref name="LIVE12" /> Pada konferensi pers terakhirnya sebagai Perdana Menteri, Turnbull mengecam Abbott dan Dutton karena "merusak citra partai".<ref>{{cite news|date=24 August 2018|title=Turnbull attacks 'wreckers' Abbott and Dutton as he leaves office|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2018/aug/24/liberal-spill-malcolm-turnbull-peter-dutton-scott-morrison-liberal-spill-politics-parliament-live|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823223351/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2018/aug/24/liberal-spill-malcolm-turnbull-peter-dutton-scott-morrison-liberal-spill-politics-parliament-live|archive-date=23 August 2018|access-date=24 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 27 Agustus, Turnbull mengumumkan bahwa ia akan mengundurkan diri dari [[Dewan Perwakilan Australia]] pada beberapa hari yang akan datang. Pada 31 Agustus 2018, Turnbull mengajukan pengunduran dirinya kepada [[Ketua Dewan Perwakilan Australia]].<ref name="Mizen-2018">{{cite news|last=Mizen|first=Ronald|date=31 August 2018|title=Malcolm Turnbull formally resigns, forces byelection|url=https://www.afr.com/news/politics/election/malcolm-turnbull-formally-resigns-forces-byelection-20180831-h14rte?|newspaper=[[Australian Financial Review]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831101658/https://www.afr.com/news/politics/election/malcolm-turnbull-formally-resigns-forces-byelection-20180831-h14rte|archive-date=31 August 2018|access-date=31 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
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