Air berat: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k bot Menambah: et:Raske vesi |
k →Rujukan: clean up |
||
| (29 revisi perantara oleh 18 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{Chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 461766699
| Name =
| ImageFile = Water molecule 3D.svg
| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageSize = 100px
| ImageName = Model air berat
| IUPACName = [<sup>2</sup>H]<sub>2</sub>-Water<ref>[[Persatuan Kimia Murni dan Terapan Internasional|International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] (2005). [http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ci.2005.27.6.25 ''Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry'' (IUPAC Recommendations 2005)]. Cambridge (UK): RSC–IUPAC. <nowiki>ISBN 0-85404-438-8</nowiki>. p. 306. [https://old.iupac.org/publications/books/rbook/Red_Book_2005.pdf PDF].</ref>
| OtherNames = {{ubl
|Deuterium monoksida{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}
|Deuterium oksida<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Parpart|first=Arthur K.|date=1935|title=The permeability of the mammalian erythrocyte to deuterium oxide (heavy water)|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcp.1030070202|journal=Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|pages=153–162|doi=10.1002/jcp.1030070202|issn=1553-0809}}</ref>
|Air-''d''<sub>2</sub><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Svishchev|first=I. M.|last2=Kusalik|first2=P. G.|date=1994-01|title=Dynamics in liquid water, water-d2, and water-t2: a comparative simulation study|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/j100054a002|journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry|language=en|volume=98|issue=3|pages=728–733|doi=10.1021/j100054a002|issn=0022-3654}}</ref>
}}
| SystematicName =
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 7789-20-0
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 24602
| PubChem_Ref = {{Pubchemcite|correct|PubChem}}
| ChemSpiderID = 23004
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| UNII = J65BV539M3
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| EINECS = 232-148-9
| KEGG = D03703
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| MeSHName = Deuterium+Oxide
| ChEBI = 41981
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| RTECS = ZC0230000
| Gmelin = 97
| SMILES = [2H]O[2H]
| StdInChI = 1S/H2O/h1H2/i/hD2
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = {{Chem|2|H|2|O}}
| MolarMass = 20.0276 g mol<sup>−1</sup>
| Appearance = Biru sangat pucat, cairan transparan
| Odor = Tak berbau
| Density = 1.107 g mL<sup>−1</sup>
| MeltingPtK = 276.97
| BoilingPtC = 101.4
| Solubility = Larut
| LogP = −1.38
| RefractIndex = 1.328
| Viscosity = 1.25 mPa s (at 20 °C)
| Dipole = 1.87 D
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 1
}}
}}
'''Air berat''' adalah [[air]] (H<sub>2</sub>O) yang memiliki [[isotop]] [[hidrogen|H]]-2 ('''[[deuterium]]''').<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=IUPAC - heavy water (H02758)|url=https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/H02758|website=goldbook.iupac.org|access-date=13 Oktober 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=IUPAC - deuterium (D01648)|url=https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/D01648|website=goldbook.iupac.org|access-date=13 Oktober 2020}}</ref> Air biasa sebagian sangat besar didominasi oleh [[molekul]] dengan [[atom]] H-1 karena [[inti atom|intinya]] memiliki satu [[proton]]. Deuterium memiliki tambahan satu [[neutron]] pada intinya.
Pada air berat, deuterium mendominasi komposisi molekul-molekul air sehingga air ini memiliki massa yang lebih tinggi pada [[volume]] yang sama dibandingkan dengan air biasa. Perbedaan berat mengakibatkan perbedaan sifat fisika dan kimianya dengan air biasa.
Air berat dipakai pada [[reaktor nuklir]] sebagai pendingin.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2016-04-13|title=Water cooled reactors|url=https://www.iaea.org/topics/water-cooled-reactors|website=www.iaea.org|language=en|access-date=2020-10-13|quote=Heavy Water Reactors (HWRs) use “enriched” water, the molecules of which comprise hydrogen atoms that are made up to more than 99 per cent of deuterium, a heavier hydrogen isotope. This heavy water, used as a moderator, improves the overall neutron economy, allowing fuel to be used that does not require enrichment.}}</ref> Air berat juga digunakan sebagai [[Moderator neutron|moderator]] ([[Pelambat neutron|pelambat]]) neutron.
== Sifat ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Sifat fisik isotopolog air<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Water properties|url=http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/water_properties.html|website=www1.lsbu.ac.uk|access-date=14 Oktober 2020|archive-date=2017-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520114852/http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/water_properties.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
!Sifat
!D<sub>2</sub>O (Air berat)
!HDO (Air semiberat)
!H<sub>2</sub>O (Air biasa)
|-
|[[Titik lebur|Titik beku]]
| style="text-align:center;" |3.82 °C (38.88 °F) (276.97 K)
| style="text-align:center;" |2.04 °C (35.67 °F) (275.19 K)
| style="text-align:center;" |0.0 °C (32 °F) (273.15 K)
|-
|[[Titik didih]]
| style="text-align:center;" |101.4 °C (214.5 °F) (374.55 K)
| style="text-align:center;" |100.7 °C (213.3 °F) (373.85 K)
| style="text-align:center;" |100.0 °C (212 °F) (373.15 K)
|-
|[[Massa jenis|Kepadatan]] pada [[Temperatur dan tekanan standar|STP]] (g/[[Liter|mL]])
| style="text-align:center;" |1.1056
| style="text-align:center;" |1.054
| style="text-align:center;" |0.9982
|-
|Suhu massa jenis maksimum
| style="text-align:center;" |11.6 °C
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" |3.98 °C<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kotz|first1=John|last2=Teichel|first2=Paul|last3=Townsend|first3=John|date=2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9emw3FvCrAC|title=Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, Volume 1|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-0-495-38711-4|edition=7th|page=15}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=a9emw3FvCrAC&pg=PT43 Extract of page 15]</ref>
|-
|[[Kekentalan|Kekentalan dinamis]] (pada 20 °C, [[Pascal (satuan)|mPa]]·[[Second|s]])
| style="text-align:center;" |1.2467
| style="text-align:center;" |1.1248
| style="text-align:center;" |1.0016
|-
|[[Tegangan permukaan]] (pada 25 °C, [[Newton|N]]/[[Metre|m]])<!--- 1 dyn-cm = 0.1 μJ = 100 nJ --->
| style="text-align:center;" |0.07187
| style="text-align:center;" |0.07193
| style="text-align:center;" |0.07198
|-
|[[Kalor peleburan]] ([[Joule|kJ]]/[[mol]])
| style="text-align:center;" |6.132
| style="text-align:center;" |6.227
| style="text-align:center;" |6.00678
|-
|[[Entalpi penguapan|Kalor penguapan]] (kJ/mol)
| style="text-align:center;" |41.521
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" |40.657
|}
== Rujukan ==
<references />
{{Senyawa oksigen}}
{{Senyawa hidrogen}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Fisika]]
[[Kategori:
[[Kategori:Pendingin reaktor nuklir]]
{{fisika-stub}}
{{kimia-stub}}
| |||