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{{Short description|Perusahaan minyak dan gas multinasional asal Amerika}}
{{About|Exxon Mobil Corp|anak usahanya|Exxon|dan|Mobil}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Exxon Mobil Corporation
| logo = Exxon Mobil Logo.svg
| logo_size = 200
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| type = [[Perusahaan publik|Publik]]
| traded_as = {{Unbulleted list
| {{NYSE|XOM}}
| Komponen [[S&P 100]]
| Komponen [[S&P 500]]
}}
| ISIN = US30231G1022
| industry = [[Industri energi|Energi]]: [[Industri minyak dan gas|Minyak dan gas]]
| founder = Terutama diturunkan dari [[Standard Oil]] yang didirikan oleh [[John D. Rockefeller]]
| predecessor = {{Unbulleted list
| [[Exxon]]
| [[Mobil]]
}}
| founded = {{Start date and age|1999|11|30}}
| hq_location_city = [[Irving, Texas]]
| hq_location_country = Amerika Serikat
| area_served = Seluruh dunia
| key_people = [[Darren Woods]] ([[chairman]] & [[CEO]])
| products = {{Unbulleted list
| [[Minyak mentah]]
| [[Produk minyak]]
| [[Gas alam]]
| [[Petrokimia]]
| [[Pembangkitan listrik]]
}}
| revenue = {{Decrease}} [[US$]]178,57 milyar (2020)<ref name=10K>https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/34088/000003408821000012/xom-20201231.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012022422/http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/34088/000003408821000012/xom-20201231.htm |date=2022-10-12 }}. Retrieved 9 March 2021.</ref>
| operating_income = {{Decrease}} US${{color|red|−29,45}} milyar (2020)<ref name=J>https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/XOM/financials?p=XOM {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524153050/https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/XOM/financials?p=XOM |date=2023-05-24 }}. Retrieved 9 March 2021.</ref>
| net_income = {{Decrease}} −US${{color|red|22,44}} milyar (2020)<ref name=10K/>
| assets = {{Decrease}} US$332,75 milyar (2020)<ref name=10K/>
| equity = {{Decrease}} US$157,15 milyar (2020)<ref name=10K/><ref name=J/>
| num_employees = 72.000 (2020)<ref name=10K/>
| subsid = {{plainlist|
* [[Aera Energy]]
* [[Exxon Neftegas]]
* [[ExxonMobil Australia]]
* [[ExxonMobil Nigeria]]
* [[Imperial Oil]]
* [[SeaRiver Maritime]]
* [[XTO Energy]]
}}
|brands = {{plainlist|
* [[Coolanol]]
* [[Esso]]
* [[Exxon]]
* [[Mobil]]
* [[On the Run (convenience store)|On the Run]]
* [[Speedpass]]
}}
| website = {{URL|https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/|corporate.exxonmobil.com}}
}}
'''Exxon Mobil Corporation''', ditulis sebagai '''ExxonMobil''', adalah sebuah perusahaan [[Daftar perusahaan minyak bumi|minyak dan gas]] [[perusahaan multinasional|multinasional]] yang berkantor pusat di [[Irving, Texas]], [[Amerika Serikat]]. Perusahaan ini merupakan penerus langsung terbesar dari [[Standard Oil]] yang didirikan oleh [[John D. Rockefeller]],<ref name="exxonmobilhistory">{{cite web |url=http://corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/about-us/history/overview |title=ExxonMobil, Our History |access-date=November 20, 2007 |publisher=Exxon Mobil Corp. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202081517/http://corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/about-us/history/overview |archive-date=December 2, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> dan dibentuk pada tanggal 30 November 1999 melalui penggabungan antara [[Exxon]] (sebelumnya bernama Standard Oil Company of New Jersey) dan [[Mobil (perusahaan)|Mobil]] (sebelumnya bernama Standard Oil Company of New York). Merek utama dari ExxonMobil adalah Exxon, Mobil, [[Esso]], dan ExxonMobil Chemical.<ref name="exxonmobilbrands">{{cite web |url=https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/worldwide-operations/brands-and-products/overview |title=ExxonMobil, Our Brands |access-date=January 12, 2018 |publisher=Exxon Mobil Corp. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110010725/http://corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/worldwide-operations/brands-and-products/overview |archive-date=January 10, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> ExxonMobil didaftarkan sebagai sebuah badan hukum di New Jersey.<ref>{{cite web | website = 10-K | url = https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/34088/3408819000010/0000034088-19-000010-index.htm | title = 10-K | access-date = June 1, 2019 | ref = {{harvid|10-K|2018}} | archive-date = 2020-07-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200731033146/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/34088/3408819000010/0000034088-19-000010-index.htm | dead-url = no }}</ref>
Merupakan salah satu [[Daftar perusahaan menurut pendapatan|perusahaan dengan pendapatan terbesar di dunia]], antara tahun 1996 hingga 2017, ExxonMobil pun menempati peringkat pertama hingga keenam dalam [[daftar perusahaan menurut kapitalisasi pasar|daftar perusahaan publik dengan kapitalisasi pasar terbesar di dunia]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2013/04/17/apple-loses-title-world-most-valuable-company-to-exxon/ |publisher=Fox News |title=Apple loses title of world's most valuable company to Exxon |date=April 17, 2013 |access-date=April 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418023108/http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2013/04/17/apple-loses-title-world-most-valuable-company-to-exxon/ |archive-date=April 18, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="forbes2020">{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/fortune500/ |title=Fortune 500 |work=[[Forbes]] |access-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-date=2021-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604025635/https://fortune.com/fortune500/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> Perusahaan ini juga menempati peringkat ketiga dalam daftar [[Forbes Global 2000]] tahun 2016<ref>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/fortune500/2020/search/ |work=[[Forbes]] |first=Scott |last=DeCarlo |title=ExxonMobil - In Photos: Global 2000: The World's Top 25 Companies |access-date=February 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206111637/https://www.forbes.com/pictures/eddk45gjikm/exxonmobil/#2b40ef8d103e |archive-date=February 6, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> dan peringkat kesepuluh dalam daftar [[Fortune 500]] tahun 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title= The 10 most profitable companies of the Fortune 500 |access-date= March 23, 2019 |url= http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/filtered?sortBy=profits&first500 |magazine= [[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190310204734/http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/filtered?sortBy=profits&first500 |archive-date= March 10, 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref> Hingga tahun 2018, perusahaan ini menempati peringkat kedua dalam daftar [[Fortune 500]].<ref name="fortuneglobal500">{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/global500/|title=Fortune Global 500 List 2018|magazine=Fortune|access-date=March 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509014825/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2011/full_list/index.html|archive-date=May 9, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Sekitar 55,56% saham perusahaan ini dipegang oleh institusi. Hingga bulan Maret 2019, pemegang saham terbesar ExxonMobil meliputi [[The Vanguard Group]] (8,15%), [[BlackRock]] (6,61%), dan [[State Street Corporation]] (4,83%).
ExxonMobil<ref>{{cite news |last1=Limited |first1=Bangkok Post Public Company |title=Engine No. 1 converts tiny ExxonMobil stake into big win |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2127655/engine-no-1-converts-tiny-exxonmobil-stake-into-big-win |work=Bangkok Post |access-date=2022-01-26 |archive-date=2023-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716153138/https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2127655/engine-no-1-converts-tiny-exxonmobil-stake-into-big-win |dead-url=no }}</ref> merupakan salah satu dari [[Big Oil]] dunia.<ref name="fortuneglobal500"/> Hingga tahun 2007, perusahaan ini memproduksi 3,921 milyar BOE ([[barrels of oil equivalent]]) tiap hari. Pada tahun 2008, produksi perusahaan ini menyumbang sekitar 3% dari total produksi dunia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/471ae1b8-d001-11db-94cb-000b5df10621,dwp_uuid=0bda728c-ccd0-11db-a938-000b5df10621.html |title=The new Seven Sisters: oil and gas giants dwarf western rivals |access-date=April 21, 2008 |work=Financial Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424004047/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/471ae1b8-d001-11db-94cb-000b5df10621,dwp_uuid=0bda728c-ccd0-11db-a938-000b5df10621.html |archive-date=April 24, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam hal cadangan minyak dan gasnya, perusahaan ini menempati peringkat ke-14 di dunia, karena hanya menguasai kurang dari 1% dari total cadangan minyak dunia.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2007/0416/033.html |title=Will We Rid Ourselves of This Pollution? |access-date=April 22, 2008 |work=Forbes |date=April 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330024455/http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2007/0416/033.html |archive-date=March 30, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/presentations/hrt310/hrt310.html |title=EIA – Statement of Jay Hakes |publisher=Tonto.eia.doe.gov |date=March 10, 1999 |access-date=July 11, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528123344/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/presentations/hrt310/hrt310.html |archive-date=May 28, 2010 }}</ref> Cadangan ExxonMobil mencapai 20 milyar BOE pada akhir tahun 2016, dan dengan kapasitas produksi seperti tahun 2007, cadangan tersebut diperkirakan masih cukup untuk lebih dari 14 tahun.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/exxon-mobil-corporation-announces-2013-reserves-replacement-totaled-103-percent-2014-02-21 |title=Exxon Mobil Corporation Announces 2013 Reserves Replacement Totaled |work=marketwatch.com |access-date=October 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129043740/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/exxon-mobil-corporation-announces-2013-reserves-replacement-totaled-103-percent-2014-02-21|archive-date=November 29, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Dengan 37 unit [[kilang minyak]] di 21 negara yang total kapasitas hariannya mencapai {{convert|6.3|Moilbbl|m3}}, ExxonMobil adalah pemurni minyak terbesar ketujuh di dunia,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hydrocarbons-technology.com/features/feature-top-ten-largest-oil-refineries-world/|title=Top 10 large oil refineries |access-date=April 20, 2020 |publisher=Hydrocarbons Technology |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081114193730/http://www.exxonmobil.com/Corporate/about_what_refining.aspx |archive-date=November 14, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.exxonmobil.com/Corporate/about_who_profile.aspx |title=Exxon Mobil – Company profile |access-date=August 9, 2010 |publisher=Exxon Mobil Corp. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081114041736/http://www.exxonmobil.com/Corporate/about_who_profile.aspx |archive-date=November 14, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.petrostrategies.org/natural-gas-marketing/|title=Natural Gas Marketing|date=March 14, 2018|website=PetroStrategies, Inc.|access-date=2022-01-26|archive-date=2020-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805175232/https://www.petrostrategies.org/homeowners-insurance-florida/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> hampir sama dengan pendahulunya, Standard Oil.<ref name="exxonmobilhistory" />{{update inline|date=Januari 2019}}
ExxonMobil juga pernah mendapat kritik karena responnya yang lambat dalam membersihkan [[tumpahan minyak Exxon Valdez]] di Alaska pada tahun 1988,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Holusha|first=John|date=April 21, 1989|title=Exxon's Public-Relations Problem|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/21/business/exxon-s-public-relations-problem.html|access-date=July 9, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=2020-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902040319/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/21/business/exxon-s-public-relations-problem.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> yang dianggap sebagai salah satu tumpahan minyak terparah di dunia<ref>{{Cite web|title=11 Major Oil Spills Of The Maritime World|url=https://www.marineinsight.com/environment/11-major-oil-spills-of-the-maritime-world/|access-date=July 9, 2020|website=Marine Insight|archive-date=2020-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111212411/https://www.marineinsight.com/environment/11-major-oil-spills-of-the-maritime-world/|dead-url=no}}</ref> dalam hal kerusakan lingkungan yang ditimbulkan. ExxonMobil juga memiliki sejarah panjang [[lobi bahan bakar fosil|melobi]] untuk [[penyangkalan perubahan iklim]] dan tidak setuju dengan konsensus ilmiah yang menyatakan bahwa [[pemanasan global]] disebabkan oleh pembakaran [[bahan bakar fosil]]. Perusahaan ini pun pernah dituduh tidak menangani masalah hak asasi manusia dengan layak, mempengaruhi [[kebijakan luar negeri Amerika]], dan dampaknya terhadap masa depan sejumlah negara.<ref name="tel12">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/9429215/Private-Empire-ExxonMobil-and-American-Power-by-Steve-Coll.html |title=Private Empire: ExxonMobil and American Power |author=Ian Thompson |date=July 30, 2012 |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=April 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211214237/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/9429215/Private-Empire-ExxonMobil-and-American-Power-by-Steve-Coll.html |archive-date=February 11, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Sejarah==
[[File:Big Oil.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Perusahaan-perusahaan energi besar yang disebut sebagai ''"Big Oil"'', dengan data keuangan tahun 2005]]
ExxonMobil dibentuk pada tahun 1999 melalui penggabungan antara dua perusahaan minyak besar, yakni Exxon dan Mobil.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-dec-02-mn-49856-story.html |title=Exxon and Mobil Agree to Biggest Merger Ever |last=Brooks |first=Nancy Rivera |date=December 2, 1998 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |access-date=April 8, 2020 |archive-date=2020-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731045714/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-dec-02-mn-49856-story.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
===1870 - 1911===
{{main|Standard Oil}}
Exxon dan Mobil merupakan penerus dari [[Standard Oil]], yang didirikan oleh [[John D. Rockefeller]] dan mitranya pada tahun 1870 dengan nama Standard Oil Company of Ohio. Pada tahun 1882, perusahaan tersebut bersama sejumlah afiliasinya didaftarkan sebagai sebuah badan hukum dengan nama Standard Oil Trust, dengan Standard Oil Company of New Jersey dan Standard Oil Company of New York menjadi anggota terbesar.<ref name="Historical Note">{{Cite web
| title = A Guide to the ExxonMobil Historical Collection, 1790–2004: Part 1. Historical Note
| publisher = [[Dolph Briscoe Center for American History]]
| url = http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00352/cah-00352.html#bioghist
| access-date = January 4, 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140109191218/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00352/cah-00352.html#bioghist
| archive-date = January 9, 2014
| url-status = live
}}</ref> Sementara itu, [[Anglo-American Oil Company]] didirikan di Britania Raya pada tahun 1888.<ref name="grace">{{Cite web
| title = Anglo-American Oil Co
| publisher = Grace Guide
| url = http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Anglo-American_Oil_Co
| access-date = January 9, 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160103021110/http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Anglo-American_Oil_Co
| archive-date = January 3, 2016
| url-status = live
}}</ref> Pada tahun 1890, Standard Oil, bersama pedagang kapal lokal di [[Bremen]] mendirikan ''[[German-American Petroleum Society|Deutsch-Amerikanische Petroleum Gesellschaft]]'' (kemudian bernama Esso A.G.).<ref name="britannica-exxon">{{Cite encyclopedia
| title = Exxon Corporation
| encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica
| url = http://www.britannica.com/topic/Exxon-Corporation
| access-date = January 9, 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151202054609/http://www.britannica.com/topic/Exxon-Corporation
| archive-date = December 2, 2015
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref name="clark">{{cite book
| first = Peter
| last = Clark
| title = The Oxford Handbook of Cities in World History
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=z09oAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA818
| year = 2013
| publisher = [[OUP Oxford]]
| page = 816
| isbn = 978-0-19-163769-8
| access-date = January 10, 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160603140311/https://books.google.com/books?id=z09oAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA818
| archive-date = June 3, 2016
| url-status = live
}}</ref> Pada tahun 1891, Standard Oil mendirikan American Petroleum Company di [[Rotterdam]] untuk dapat menjual minyaknya di [[Belanda]] dan [[Belgia]].<ref name="krabbendam">{{cite book
| first1 = Hans
| last1 = Krabbendam
| first2 = Cornelis A.
| last2 = van Minnen
| first3 = Giles
| last3 = Scott-Smith
| title = Four Centuries of Dutch-American Relations: 1609–2009
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BsFFWlQ8RwEC&pg=PA548
| year = 2009
| publisher = [[SUNY Press]]
| page = 548
| isbn = 978-1-4384-3013-3
| access-date = January 10, 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160617075902/https://books.google.com/books?id=BsFFWlQ8RwEC&pg=PA548
| archive-date = June 17, 2016
| url-status = live
}}</ref> Pada tahun yang sama, Standard Oil juga mendirikan ''Società Italo Americana pel Petrolio'' di [[Venesia]] untuk dapat menjual minyaknya di [[Italia]].<ref name="skinner">
{{cite book
| first1 = Walter R. | last1 = Skinner
| title = Financial Times Oil and Gas International Year Book
| year = 1983
| publisher = [[Financial Times]]
| page = 144
| isbn = 978-0-582-90315-9
}}</ref>
Standard Oil kemudian dibubarkan berdasarkan [[Undang-Undang Antitrust Sherman]] pada tahun 1892. Namun, perusahaan tersebut kembali muncul sebagai Standard Oil Interests.<ref name="Historical Note" /> Pada tahun 1893, pasar [[kerosin]] Tiongkok dan Asia ditugaskan ke Standard Oil Company of New York untuk meningkatkan perdagangan dengan rekannya di Asia.<ref name="cochran">
{{cite book
| first = Sherman | last = Cochran
| title = Encountering Chinese Networks: Western, Japanese, and Chinese Corporations in China, 1880–1937
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3tufTuIFJ9kC&pg=PA20
| year = 2000
| publisher = [[University of California Press]]
| page = 20
| isbn = 978-0-520-92189-4
}}</ref> Pada tahun 1898, Standard Oil of New Jersey mengakuisisi mayoritas saham [[Imperial Oil]] asal Kanada.<ref name="britannica-exxon" />
== ExxonMobil di Indonesia ==
=== Manajemen ===
* Presiden Direktur: [[Patrick Adhiatmadja]]
* Wakil Presiden Direktur: [[Mirza Bourhanuddin]]
* Direktur Penjualan dan Pemasaran: [[Melanie Cook]]
* Direktur Produksi: [[Muhammad Nurdin]]
* Direktur Urusan Publik dan Pemerintahan: [[Azi N. Alam]]
* Direktur Layanan Keuangan dan Dukungan: [[Florentina Hatmi]]
* Direktur Keuangan: [[Syah Reza]]
* Direktur Sumber Daya Manusia: [[Dewi Puspa (pengusaha)|Dewi Puspa]]
* Direktur Pemasaran Bahan Bakar: [[Kamal Singh]]
==Catatan==
{{reflist}}
==Referensi==
===Bibliografi===
{{Refbegin}}
* Bender, Rob, and Tammy Cannoy-Bender. ''An Unauthorized Guide to: Mobil Collectibles – Chasing the Red Horse''. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing Co., 1999.
* Exxon Corp. ''Century of Discovery: An Exxon Album''. 1982.
* Gibb, George S., and Evelyn H. Knowlton. ''The Resurgent Years, 1911–1927: History of Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey)''. New York: [[Harper & Brothers]] Publishers, 1956.
* Hidy, Ralph W., and Muriel E. Hidy. ''Pioneering in Big Business, 1882–1911: History of Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey)''. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1955.
* Larson, Henrietta M., and Kenneth Wiggins Porter. ''History of Humble Oil & Refining Co.: A Study in Industrial Growth''. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1959.
* Larson, Henrietta M., Evelyn H. Knowlton, and Charles S. Popple. ''New Horizons, 1927–1950: History of Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey)''. New York: [[Harper & Row]], 1971.
* McIntyre, J. Sam. ''The Esso Collectibles Handbook: Memorabilia from Standard Oil of New Jersey''. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing Co., 1998.
* Sampson, Anthony. ''The Seven Sisters: The 100-year Battle for the World's Oil Supply''. New York: Bantom Books, 1991.
* Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey). ''Ships of the Esso Fleet in World War II''. 1946.
* [[Ida M. Tarbell|Tarbell, Ida M.]] ''All in a Day’s Work: An Autobiography.''. New York: The MacMillan Co., 1939.
* Tarbell, Ida M., and [[David Mark Chalmers]]. ''[[The History of the Standard Oil Company|The History of the Standard Oil Co.]]''. New York: Harper & Row, 1966.
* Wall, Bennett H. ''Growth in a Changing Environment: A History of Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey) 1950–1972 and Exxon Corp. (1972–1975)''. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1988.
* [[Daniel Yergin|Yergin, Daniel]]. ''[[The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power]]''. New York: [[Simon & Schuster]], 1991.
{{Refend}}
==Bacaan lebih lanjut==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book | last = Coll | first = Steve | author-link = Steve Coll | year = 2012 | title = Private Empire: ExxonMobil and American Power | location = New York, NY | publisher = [[The Penguin Press]] | isbn = 978-1-594-20335-0 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781594203350 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Painter | first = David S. | author-link = David S. Painter | year = 1987 | title = Private Power and Public Policy: Multinational Oil Corporations and United States Foreign Policy, 1941–1954 | url = http://www.ibtauris.com/Books/Society%20%20social%20sciences/Politics%20%20government/International%20relations/Private%20Power%20and%20Public%20Policy%20Multinational%20Oil%20Corporations%20and%20United%20States%20Foreign%20Policy%20194154.aspx | location = London | publisher = [[I.B.Tauris]] | isbn = 978-1-850-43021-6 | access-date = 2022-01-26 | archive-date = 2017-06-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170625103425/http://www.ibtauris.com/Books/Society%20%20social%20sciences/Politics%20%20government/International%20relations/Private%20Power%20and%20Public%20Policy%20Multinational%20Oil%20Corporations%20and%20United%20States%20Foreign%20Policy%20194154.aspx | dead-url = no }}
* {{Cite journal | last = Pratt | first = Joseph A. | year = 2012 | title = Exxon and the Control of Oil | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-history_2012-06_99_1/page/145 | journal = [[The Journal of American History]] | volume = 99 | number = 1 | pages = 145–154 | doi=10.1093/jahist/jas149| doi-access = free }} {{open access}}
{{Refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|ExxonMobil}}
{{Wikiquote|ExxonMobil}}
* {{Official website}}
* [https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00352/cah-00352.html The ExxonMobil Historical Collection at the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024030912/http://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00352/cah-00352.html |date=2021-10-24 }}
{{Finance links
| name = Exxon Mobil Corporation
| symbol = XOM
| sec_cik = 34088
| yahoo = XOM
| google = XOM
| stockrow = XOM
}}
{{National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s|state=autocollapse}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Kategori:Perusahaan minyak]]
[[Kategori:Perusahaan multinasional]]
[[Kategori:Perusahaan yang didirikan tahun 1999]]
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