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{{periksaterjemahan|en|Intel 80486}}
[[ImageBerkas:80486dx2-large.jpg|300px|thumbjmpl|The''Die'' exposedprosesor die of anmikro Intel 80486DX2 microprocessoryang terekspos.]]
[[Image:80486DX2_arch.png|300px|thumb|The 486DX2 architecture.]]
[[Berkas:80486DX2 arch.svg|300px|jmpl|Arsitektur 486DX2.]]
'''Intel i486''' (sering disebut '''486''' oratau '''80486''') adalah suatu serangkaian [[32-bitprosesor mikro]] [[ScalarComplex processorinstruction set computer|scalarCISC]] [[Intelprosesor skalar|skalar]] [[Complex_instruction_set_computer|CISC32-bit]] [[microprocessor|microprocessorsIntel]] yang merupakan bagian dari keluarga prosesor mikroIntel [[x86]] Intel. i486's merupakan penerus kesuksesan dariprosesor [[Intel 80386]]. Prosesor mikro 486 pertama kali diperkenalkan pada tahun 1989. i486 sering disebut tanpa tambahan kata depanawalan 80, becausekarena ofperaturan apengadilan courtmelarang rulingangka-angka thatdijadikan prohibitedmereka trademarking numbersdagang (likeseperti 80486). Penamaan Intelprosesor droppedyang number-basedberdasarkan namingnomor altogetherkemudian withbenar-benar thedihapus successorbersamaan todengan thedipasarkannya penerus i486, –yaitu theprosesor [[Pentium]] processor.
 
FromDari asisi softwarepenilaian pointperangkat of viewlunak, the [[instruction set]] ofdari thekeluarga i486 familysangatlah ismirip verydengan similar to its predecessorpendahulunya, the [[Intel 80386]], withdengan thebeberapa additionsedikit of''instructions'' only a few extra instructionstambahan.
 
FromDari asisi hardwarepenilaian point ofperangkat viewkeras, however,arsitektur the architecture of thedari i486 ismerupakan akemajuan vast improvementbesar. ItProsesor has an on-chipini unifiedmemiliki instructioninstruksi anddan data [[CPU cache|cache]], anyang optionaltergabung dalam suatu on-chip, suatu ''[[floating-point unit]]'' (FPU) tambahan pada chip (DXkhusus modelsmodel onlyDX), and an enhanceddan ''[[computer bus|bus interface unit]]'' interfaceyang unitditingkatkan kemampuannya. InSebagai additiontambahan, underpada optimalkondisi conditionsoptimal, theinti processorprosesor coredapat canmenjaga sustainkecepatan aneksekusi executiondari ratesatu of one instructioninstruksi per ''clock cycle''. ThesePerbaikan improvementsini yieldsecara akasar roughmelipatgandakan doublingkinerja in performance over andari Intel 80386 atdalam the''clock samerate'' [[clockyang rate]]sama. HoweverMeskipun demikian, somebeberapa low-endmodel i486 modelsternyata werelebih actuallylambat slowerdaripada thanprosesor the386 highest-speed 386stercepat, especially so with thekhususnya 'SX' i486si486.
 
'''DifferencesPerbedaan between theantara 80386 anddan 80486 include:'''
* Data/Instruction [[Cache]] - Anpada 8192-byte (8 kB) SRAM builttertanam intopada theinti processor core,dibuat designeduntuk tomenyimpan storepenggunaan theinstruksi most commonly used instructionsbiasa. The 386 supported anmendukung ''off-chip cache'',tetapi but this wasini muchsangatlah slowerlambat.
* [[Instruction pipeline|Pipelining]] - ini Thismengizinkan allowsprocessor theuntuk processormelakukan toLocateFetchExecute handlesetiap aputaran LocateFetchExecute eachwaktu (''clock cycle''). ThePipeline pipelinemerupakan ispenganti offsetinformasi meaningpelaksanaan thealur executeinstruksi stepyang requireddibutuhkan informationdari fromdua theputaran previouswaktu two clock cyclessebelumnya.tempatnya haruslah Adiberikan locatepada wouldfetch be to feed the next fetchberikutnya, the fetch wouldharuslah bediberikan topada feedpelaksanaan the next executeberikutnya. The 386 needsperlu tomelakukan doinstruksi eachsecara step separatelyterpisah.
* Peningkatan performance [[MMU]]
*Improvements to [[MMU]] performance
*Integrated Terintegrasi [[floating point unit|FPU]]- (hanya model DX models onlysaja) Added accelerated high endpenambahan mathfungsi functionsmatematika.
 
The 486 has amempunyai 32-bit [[data bus]] anddan asebuah 32-bit [[address bus]].ini diperlukan This requires either four matchedbagi 30-pin [[SIMM]]s or oneatau 72-pin SIMM. ThePengalamatan bus 32-bit address bus limitsterbatas itsampai 4 GB ofdari RAM.
 
The IntelPimpinan project manager for theuntuk 80486 wasadalah [[Patrick Gelsinger]].
 
Inpada MayMei 2006 Intel announcedmengumumkan thatbahwa productionproduksi of thedari 80486 wouldakan ceaseberhenti atdi theahir end ofbulan September 2007. [http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2006/05/18/intel_cans_386_486_960_cpus/]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813073335/http://www.reghardware.com/2006/05/18/intel_cans_386_486_960_cpus/ |date=2011-08-13 Although}} thewalaupun chip hadini longtelah beenlama obsoletemenjadi forsangat penting untuk perangkat [[personal computer|PC]] applications, Intel hadakan continuedmelanjutkan productionproduksi foruntuk usedigunakan indalam [[embedded systems]].
 
==Models Referensi ==
:''Artikel ini awalnya ditulis berdasarkan bahan-bahan dari ''Free On-line Dictionary of Computing'', yang berlisensikan GFDL.''
[[Image:Intel 80486DX-33.jpg|thumb|An Intel 80486DX-33 microprocessor]]
There are several suffixes and variants including:
*[[Intel 80486SX]] - a i486DX with its FPU disabled, although the earlier variants were simply normal i486s with defective FPUs. In later versions, the FPU was removed from the [[Integrated circuit|die]] to reduce its area and thus reduce cost.
*Intel 80486DX - same as above, with a working [[floating point unit|FPU]].
*[[Intel 80486DX2]] - the internal processor clock runs at twice the [[clock rate]] of the external bus clock.
*Intel 80486SX2 - same as the i486DX2, but with the FPU disabled.
*[[Intel 80486SL]] - i486SX with power conservation circuitry. Mainly for use in portable computers.
*Intel 80486SL-NM - i486SX with power conservation circuitry; SL enhanced suffix, denotes a i486 with special power conservation circuitry similar to that in the i486SL processors.
*[[Intel 80487]] - i486DX with a slightly different pinout for use in i486SX systems as a FPU.
*[[Intel 80486 OverDrive]] - i486SX, i486SX2, i486DX2 or i486DX4. Marked as upgrade processors, some models had different pinouts or voltage handling abilities from 'standard' chips of the same speed stepping.
*[[Intel 80486DX4]] - designed to run at triple clock rate (not quadruple as often believed; the DX3, which was meant to run at 2.5x the clock speed, was never released).
 
== Pranala luar ==
Internal clock rates included 16, 20, 25, 33, 40, 50, 66, 75 and 100 MHz, although the 100 MHz versions could be somewhat unstable. The 486DX2 66 MHz was the most widespread high-end 486 chip, while more powerful iterations such as the OverDrive and DX4 were less used in favour of the succeeding [[Pentium]]. The only 486 that ran a 50 MHz bus, the 486DX 50 MHz chip, had compatibility problems with boards and components because of this high bus speed requirement. 486DX 50 MHz was a rather unpopular chip and was quickly replaced by the clock-doubled [[Intel 80486DX2|486 DX2]] chips which ran the bus at half of the CPU clock speed.
* {{en}} http://users.erols.com/chare/486.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622190236/http://users.erols.com/chare/486.htm |date=2007-06-22 }}
 
* {{en}} [http://www.cpu-collection.de/?l0=co&l1=Intel&l2=i486%20DX Intel 80486 images and descriptions at cpu-collection.de]▼
==Competitive alternatives==
* {{en}} [http://www.cpu-info.com/index2.php?mainid=html/cpu/486.php CPU-INFO: 80486, indepth processor history] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927022831/http://www.cpu-info.com/index2.php?mainid=html%2Fcpu%2F486.php |date=2007-09-27 }}▼
486 compatible processors have been produced by other companies such as [[International Business Machines|IBM]], [[Texas Instruments]], [[AMD]], [[Cyrix]], and [[Chips and Technologies]]. Some are almost exact duplicates in specifications and performance, some are not. The 486 was, however, covered by many of Intel's 386 patents as well as some of its own. Intel and IBM have broad cross-licenses of these patents, and AMD was granted rights to the relevant patents in the 1995 settlement of a lawsuit between the companies.[http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/DownloadableAssets/AMD_-_Intel_Litigation_History.pdf]
 
==Platform==
With regards to the 486 system platform, early 486 machines were equipped with only [[16-bit]] and [[8-bit]] [[industry standard architecture|ISA]] slots. Later [[motherboard]]s combined ISA with the high-speed [[VESA Local Bus]] (VLB), primarily for video cards and hard drive controllers. The final 486 boards came equipped with [[Peripheral Component Interconnect|PCI]] and ISA, and sometimes VLB as well (though in this configuration VLB suffered performance-wise). Bus speed was determined by multipliers for ISA, but PCI and VLB bus clocks were often equal to the clock of the 486 bus (some boards had multipliers for these as well).
 
Later 486 boards also supported [[Plug-and-play]], the [[Microsoft]] technology that began as a part of [[Windows 95]] designed to make component installation easier for consumers.
 
==See also==
*[[List of Intel microprocessors]]
*[[Motorola 68040]], although not compatible, often considered the [[Motorola]] equivalent to the Intel 80486 in terms of performance.
 
==References==
{{FOLDOC}}
 
== External links ==
* http://users.erols.com/chare/486.htm
▲* [http://www.cpu-collection.de/?l0=co&l1=Intel&l2=i486%20DX Intel 80486 images and descriptions at cpu-collection.de]
▲* [http://www.cpu-info.com/index2.php?mainid=html/cpu/486.php CPU-INFO: 80486, indepth processor history]
 
{{Intel_processors}}
 
[[Kategori:Mikroprosesor]]
[[Category:Intel|80846]]
[[CategoryKategori:x86 microprocessors|Intel 486|80846]]
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