Ernst Chain: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Sir Ernst Boris Chain
|image = Ernst Boris Chain 1945.jpg
|image_size =
|caption = Ernst Boris Chain (1945)
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1906|06|19}}
|birth_place = [[Berlin]], Jerman
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1979|08|12|1906|06|19}}
|death_place = [[Castlebar]], Irlandia
|residence = Berlin (hingga 1933)<br>London (dari 1933)
|citizenship = Jerman (hingga 1939)<br>British (dari 1939)
|nationality =
|field = [[Biokimia]]
|work_institutions = [[Imperial College London]] <br/> [[Universitas Cambridge]] <br/> [[Universitas Oxford]] <br/> [[Istituto Superiore di Sanità]]
|alma_mater = [[Universitas Humboldt Berlin|Universitas Friedrich Wilhelm]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = Pengembangan [[penisilin]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influenced =
|prizes = [[Hadiah Nobel dalam Fisiologi atau Kedokteran]] ({{small|1945}}) <br>[[Anggota Royal Society]] ({{small|1948}})<br>[[Knight Bachelor]]({{small|1969}})
|religion = Yahudi
|footnotes =
|signature =
|spouse = Anne Chain (m. 1948–1979, kematiannya)
}}
''' Sir Ernst Boris Chain''', [[Anggota Royal Society|FRS]]<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Abraham | first1 = Edward | authorlink = Edward Abraham| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1983.0003 | title = Ernst Boris Chain. 19 June 1906-12 August 1979 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 29 | pages = 42–26 | year = 1983 | jstor = 769796| pmid = | pmc = }}</ref> ([[19 Juni]] [[1906]] di [[Berlin]] - [[12 Agustus]] [[1979]] di [[Republik Irlandia]]) adalah seorang [[biokimia]]wan [[Inggris]] keturunan [[Sejarah Yahudi di Jerman|Jerman Yahudi]] dan penerima bersama [[Hadiah Nobel dalam Fisiologi atau Kedokteran]] atas karyanya mengenai [[penisilin]].<ref name="odnb">{{Cite journal | author = E. P. Abraham| title = ‘Chain, Sir Ernst Boris (1906–1979)| journal = The [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] | doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/30913 | year = 2004 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Shampo | first1 = M. A.
| last2 = Kyle | first2 = R. A.
| title = Ernst Chain--Nobel Prize for work on penicillin
| journal = Mayo Clinic proceedings. Mayo Clinic
| volume = 75
| issue = 9
| pages = 882
| year = 2000
| pmid = 10994820
| doi=10.4065/75.9.882
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Raju | first1 = T. N.
| title = The Nobel chronicles. 1945: Sir Alexander Fleming (1881-1955); Sir Ernst Boris Chain (1906-79); and Baron Howard Walter Florey (1898-1968)
| journal = Lancet
| volume = 353
| issue = 9156
| pages = 936
| year = 1999
| pmid = 10094026
| doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)75055-8
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Notter | first1 = A.
| title = The difficulties of industrializing penicillin (1928-1942) (Alexander Fleming, Howard Florey, Ernst Boris Chain)
| journal = Histoire des sciences medicales
| volume = 25
| issue = 1
| pages = 31–38
| year = 1991
| pmid = 11638360
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Abraham | first1 = E. P.
| title = Ernst Chain and Paul Garrod
| journal = The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
| volume = 6
| issue = 4
| pages = 423–424
| year = 1980
| pmid = 7000741
| doi=10.1093/jac/6.4.423
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Mansford | first1 = K. R.
| title = Sir Ernst Chain, 1906-1979
| journal = Nature
| volume = 281
| issue = 5733
| pages = 715–717
| year = 1979
| pmid = 399328
| doi=10.1038/281715a0
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Abraham | first1 = E. P.
| title = Obituary: Sir Ernst Boris Chain
| journal = The Journal of antibiotics
| volume = 32
| issue = 10
| pages = 1080–1081
| year = 1979
| pmid = 393682
| doi = 10.7164/antibiotics.32.1087
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| title = Sir Ernst Chain
| journal = British Medical Journal
| volume = 2
| issue = 6188
| pages = 505
| year = 1979
| pmid = 385104
| pmc = 1595985
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| title = Ernst Boris Chain
| journal = Lancet
| volume = 2
| issue = 8139
| pages = 427
| year = 1979
| pmid = 89493
| doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(79)90449-5
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Wagner | first1 = W. H.
| title = In memoriam, Dr. Ernst Boris Chain
| journal = Arzneimittel-Forschung
| volume = 29
| issue = 10
| pages = 1645–1646
| year = 1979
| pmid = 391241
}}</ref>
== Kehidupan dan karier ==
[[Ayah]] Ernst Chain tiba dari [[Kekaisaran Rusia]] ke [[Jerman]] untuk belajar [[kimia]]. Ia tinggal di sana, menikahi seorang [[wanita]] Berlin dan memulai [[perusahaan]] [[manufaktur]] [[bahan kimia]] yang sukses. Saat ia meninggal pada [[1920]], [[putra]]nya Ernst masih 14 [[tahun]]. Ernst mewarisi keberhasilan [[keluarga]]nya, namun [[inflasi]] parah di Jerman (saat itu [[Republik Weimar]]) pada [[1923]] dan [[1924]] memusnahkannya. Namun keluarga itu masih mampu mengirim Chain muda ke [[Universitas Friedrich Wilhelm]]. Di sana, Chain mempertimbangkan karier sebagai [[piano|pianis]] [[konser]] dengan serius dan ia sering mengadakan pertunjukan di muka umum. Ia menerima gelar [[Ph.D.]] pada [[1930]].
Chain telah mempelajari biokimia [[enzim]], dan ia melanjutkan [[penelitian]] dalam bidang itu sampai [[Adolf Hitler]] menjadi [[Reichskanzler]] pada [[1933]]. Meski lahir di Berlin dan telah di[[naturalisasi]]kan, Chain sadar bahwa sebagai keturunan [[sejarah Yahudi di Rusia|Rusia berdarah Yahudi]] yang menganut paham [[politik]] [[sayap kiri]], ia memiliki kesempatan yang lebih baik di tempat lain. Ia menuju [[Britania Raya]] sesaat setelah [[Hitler]] berkuasa. Sayangnya,
Itulah Chain yang tak pernah menemukan karya [[Alexander Fleming]] mengenai [[penisilin]] sebagai bagian dari [[riset]]nya yang lebih besar mengenai
Konon Ernst Chain gampang berubah pendirian dan
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Bibliografi ==
* {{cite book | author = Medawar, Jean: Pyke, David | title = Hitler's Gift: The True Story of the Scientists Expelled by the Nazi Regime | location = New York | publisher = Arcade Publishing | year = 2012 | type = Paperback | isbn = 978-1-61145-709-4}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|Ernst Boris Chain}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/chain-bio.html |title=Ernst B. Chain – Biographical |work=nobelprize.org }}
* {{cite journal| url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gD-8vym5O8JswGwOgooSCTKB4Il8jo3DNl5BfRVtDZ-GrS2SfzbXZUkxUOzF/edit?usp=sharing|last=Weintraub |first=B. |title= Ernst Boris Chain (1906–1979) and Penicillin |journal=Chemistry in Israel |publisher=Israel Chemical Society |issue=13 |date=August 2003 |pages=29–32}}
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{{Penghargaan Nobel dalam Fisiologi atau Kedokteran}}
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[[Kategori:Pemenang Hadiah Nobel dalam bidang fisiologi atau kedokteran|Chain]]
[[Kategori:Ilmuwan Inggris|Chain]]
[[Kategori:Ilmuwan Jerman|Chain]]
[[Kategori:Ilmuwan Yahudi|Chain]]
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