Carnivora: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{for|organisme pemakan daging secara umum|karnivor}}{{EngvarB|date=June 2022}}
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[[Ordo (biologi)|Ordo]] '''Carnivora''' {{IPA2|kɑː(r)ˈnɪvɔːˌrə}} (dari [[bahasa Latin]] ''carō'' (stem ''carn-'') 'daging', + ''vorāre'' 'mencabik') adalah ordo [[mamalia]] berplasenta<ref>{{Cite book|last=Parker|first=Sybil, P|date=1984|title=McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology|publisher=McGraw-Hill Company|url-status=live}}</ref> yang telah terspesialisasi untuk sebagian besar memakan daging. Ordo carnivora menjadi ordo mamalia terbesar kelima, terdiri dari setidaknya 279 spesies yang dapat ditemukan pada semua massa daratan utama di Bumi dan pada beragam jenis habitat, mulai dari wilayah kutub yang dingin, daerah [[Gurun Sahara]] yang sangat gersang, sampai ke samudra lepas. Angota ordo ini memiliki [[rancangan tubuh]] yang sangat beragam, baik dalam ukuran maupun bentuk.
{{Automatic Taxobox|name=Carnivora
| taxon = Carnivora
| authority = [[Thomas Edward Bowdich|Bowdich]], 1821<ref>Bowditch, T. E. 1821. An analysis of the natural classifications of Mammalia for the use of students and travelers J. Smith Paris. 115. (merujuk pada halaman 24, 33)</ref>
|fossil_range={{fossil_range|51.88|0|earliest=66.0}}[[Eosen Awal]]-[[Holosen]]<ref name="Foley-Mason2023">{{cite journal |last1=Foley |first1=N. M. |last2=Mason |first2=V. C. |last3=Harris |first3=A. J. |last4=Bredemeyer |first4=K. R. |last5=Damas |first5=J. |last6=Lewin |first6=H. A. |last7=Eizirik |first7=E. |last8=Gatesy |first8=J. |last9=Karlsson |first9=E. K. |last10=Lindblad-Toh |first10=K. |author11=Zoonomia Consortium |last12=Springer |first12=M. S. |last13=Murphy |first13=W. J. |year=2023 |title=A genomic timescale for placental mammal evolution |journal=Science |volume=380 |issue=6643 |at=eabl8189 |doi=10.1126/science.abl8189|pmid=37104581 |pmc=10233747 }}</ref>|image=<imagemap>
File:Carnivora_portraits.jpg|300px
rect 582 0 1191 485 [[Beruang cokelat]]
rect 0 486 577 972 [[Hiena tutul]]
rect 581 487 1190 971 [[Serigala]]
rect 0 975 577 1387 [[Binturung]]
rect 582 974 1190 1388 [[Rakun]]
rect 0 1392 577 1805 [[Garangan abu-abu india]]
rect 581 1391 1188 1807 [[Cerpelai cokelat amerika]]
rect 0 1811 577 2231 [[Fosa]]
rect 581 1810 1190 2231 [[Walrus]]
</imagemap>|image_upright=1.15|image_caption=Beragam hewan carnivora, [[feliform]] di kiri, dan [[caniform]] di kanan|display_parents=2|taxon=Carnivora|authority=[[Thomas Edward Bowdich|Bowdich]], 1821<ref name="Bowditch, T. E 1821. pages 24, 33">Bowditch, T. E. 1821. An analysis of the natural classifications of Mammalia for the use of students and travelers J. Smith Paris. 115. (refer pages 24, 33)</ref>|subdivision_ranks=Subordo|subdivision=* [[Caniformia]]
* [[Feliformia]]|synonyms={{collapsible list |bullets=true |title=list of synonyms:
|Caniformes {{small|(Zagorodniuk, 2008)}}<ref>Zagorodniuk, I. (2008) [https://www.academia.edu/27585773/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2_%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_Scientific_names_of_mammalian_orders_from_descriptive_to_uniform_ "Scientific names of mammal orders: from descriptive to uniform"] Visnyk of Lviv University, Biology series, Is. 48. P. 33-43</ref><ref>Zagorodniuk, I. (2014) [http://terioshkola.org.ua/library/pts12-divers/pts12-11-zag-mamdivers.pdf "Changes In Taxonomic Diversity Of Ukrainian Mammals For The Last Three Centuries: Extinct, Phantom And Alien Species"] Proceedings of the Theriological School, Vol. 12: 3–16</ref>
|Carnaria {{small|(Haeckel, 1866)}}<ref>Haeckel, Ernst (1866.) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52177#page/11/mode/1up "Generelle Morphologie der Organismen."] Berlin: Georg Reimer.</ref>
|Carnassidentia {{small|(Wortman, 1901)}}<ref>J. L. Wortman (1901.) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40243865#page/157/mode/1up "Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum."] The American Journal of Science, series 4 12:193-206</ref>
|Carnivoramorphia {{small|(Kalandadze & Rautian, 1992)}}<ref>Kalandadze, N. N. and S. A. Rautian (1992.) "Systema mlekopitayushchikh i istorygeskaya zoogeographei [The system of mammals and historical zoogeography]." Sbornik Trudov Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Moskovskogo Goschdarstvennoro Universiteta 29:44–152.</ref>
|Carnivores {{small|(Cuvier, 1817)}}<ref>Georges Cuvier, Pierre André Latreille (1817.) [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_H9sTAAAAQAAJ/page/n3/mode/2up "Le Règne Animal Distribué d'après son Organisation, pour Servir de Base à l'Histoire Naturelle des Animaux et d'Introduction à l'Anatomie Comparée"] Déterville libraire, Imprimerie de A. Belin, Paris, 4 Volumes</ref>
|Carnivori {{small|(Vieq d'Azyr, 1792)}}<ref>Félix Vicq-Dazyr (1792.) [https://books.google.com/books?id=8E5wN2Ake3kC&pg=PP9 "Encyclopédie Méthodique, Vol. 2: Système Anatomique, Quadrupèdes"] Panckoucke</ref>
|Carnivorida {{small|(Pearse, 1936)}}<ref>Arthur Sperry Pearse, (1936) [https://archive.org/details/zoologicalnamesl1936pear/page/24/mode/2up?q=Creodontina "Zoological names. A list of phyla, classes, and orders, prepared for section F, American Association for the Advancement of Science"] American Association for the Advancement of Science</ref><ref>G. G. Simpson (1952) [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2411849?seq=1 "For and Against Uniform Endings in Zoological Nomenclature"] in "Systematic Zoology Vol. 1, No. 1 (Spring, 1952)", pp. 20-23, Published By: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.</ref>
|Carnivoriformes {{small|(Kinman, 1994)}}<ref>Kenneth E. Kinman (1994.) "The Kinman System: Toward a Stable Cladisto-Eclectic Classification of Organisms: Living and Extinct, 48 Phyla, 269 Classes, 1,719 Orders", Hays, Kan. (P. O. Box 1377, Hays 67601), 88 pages</ref>
|Carnivoripedida {{small|(Vyalov, 1966)}}<ref>O. S. Vyalov (1966.) "Sledy Zhiznedeyatel'nosti Organizmov i ikh Paleontologicheskoye Znacheniye [Traces of Vital Activity of Organisms and their Paleontological Significance]" Naukova Dumka, Kyiv, 1-219</ref>
|Cynofeliformia {{small|(Ginsburg, 1982)}}
|Cynofeloidea {{small|(Hough, 1953)}}<ref>Hough, J. R. (1953.) [https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0243g/report.pdf "Auditory region in North American fossil Felidae: Its significance in phylogeny."] United States Geological SurveyProfessional Papers, 243-G,95–115.</ref>
|Cynosia {{small|(Rafinesque, 1815)}}<ref name="Rafinesque1815">{{Cite journal |last=Rafinesque |first=Constantine Samuel |date=1815 |title=Analyse de la Nature ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés |volume=1815 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188066#page/11/mode/1up |publisher=Palermo, Aux dépens de l'auteur, 223 pp.}}</ref>
|Digitigrada {{small|(Illiger, 1811)}}<ref>Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger (1811.) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/188747#page/7/mode/1up "Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium."] Berlin: Sumptibus C. Salfeld, xviii, 301 pages</ref>
|Digitigradae {{small|(Gray, 1821)}}<ref name="Gray1821">{{cite journal |last=Gray |first=J. E. |year=1821 |title=On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals |url=https://archive.org/stream/londonmedicalre08unkngoog#page/n314/mode/1up |journal=London Medical Repository |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=296–310}}</ref>
|Eucarnivora {{small|(Mekayev, 2002)}}<ref>Mekayev, Y. A. (2002.) "The faunagenesis and classification of mammals." Petrov’s Academy of Sciences and Arts, St. Petersburg, 1–895.</ref>
|Ferae {{small|(Linnaeus, 1758)}}<ref name="Linnaeus1758"/>
|Fissipeda {{small|(Blumenbach, 1791)}}<ref>Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1791.) [https://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/view/blumenbach_naturgeschichte_1791?p=5 "Handbuch der Naturgeschichte. Vierte auflage."] Göttingen, Johann Christian Dieterich, xii+704+[33] pp., 3 pls.</ref>
|Neocarnivora {{small|(Radinsky, 1977)}}<ref>Leonard Radinsky (1977.) [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/abs/brains-of-early-carnivores/AE507D4080D40AA8254D1306CC349824 "Brains of early carnivores."] Paleobiology, Volume 3, Issue 4, pp. 333 - 349</ref>
|Plantigrada {{small|(Illiger, 1811)}}
}}|range_map=Carnivora_Distribution.png|range_map_caption=Sebaran dan kepadatan spesies-spesies Carnivora yang masih hidup}}
Carnivora dibagi menjadi dua subordo, yaitu [[Feliformia]], yang mencakup [[Felidae|felid]] sejati dan beberapa hewan "mirip kucing"; dan [[Caniformia]], yang mencakup [[Canidae|canid]] sejati dan banyak hewan "mirip anjing". Feliformia mencakup famili [[Felidae]], [[Viverridae]], [[hyena]] dan [[garangan]], kebanyakan darinya hidup di Dunia Lama; kucing adalah pengecualian dari ini, hidup di Dunia Lama dan Dunia Baru berkat penyebrangan ke Amerika. Caniformia mencakup [[Caninae]], [[Procyonidae]], [[beruang]], [[Mustelidae]], [[sigung]] dan [[anjing laut]], yang dapat ditemukan di seluruh dunia dengan keanekaragaman morfologis, diet dan perilaku yang sangat beragam.
== Klasifikasi ==
[[Berkas:Mirounga leonina male.JPG||
* '''
** Upaordo [[Feliformia]] ("mirip-kucing")
*** Famili [[punah|†]][[Stenoplesictidae]]
*** Famili †[[Percrocutidae]]
*** Famili †[[Nimravidae]]: Kucing bergigi pedang semu (5–36 Jtl)
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**** Famili †[[Barbourofelidae]] (6–18 Ma)
**** Famili [[Felidae]]: [[kucing]] dan [[macan]]; 40 spesies dalam 14 genera
*** Infraordo [[Viverroidea]]
**** Famili [[Viverridae]]: [[musang]], [[binturung]], [[genet]],dan [[linsang]] ; 35 spesies dalam 15 genera
**** Superfamili [[Herpestoidea]]
***** Famili [[Hyaenidae]]: [[hyena]] dan [[Aardwolf]]; 4 spesies dalam 4 genera
***** Famili [[Eupleridae]]
***** Famili [[Herpestidae]]: [[garangan]] dan kerabatnya; 33 spesies dalam 14 genera
** Upaordo [[Caniformia]] ("mirip-anjing")
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**** Superfamili [[Musteloidea]]
***** Famili [[Ailuridae]]: [[panda merah]]; 1 spesies dalam 1 genus.
***** Famili [[Mephitidae]]: [[sigung]] dan
***** Famili [[Mustelidae]]: [[cerpelai]], [[marten]], [[
***** Famili [[Procyonidae]]: [[rakun]] dan kerabatnya; 19 spesies dalam 6 genera
**** Superfamili [[Pinnipedia]]
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***** Famili [[Phocidae]]: [[anjing laut]]; 19 spesies dalam 9 genera
=== Pohon
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== Lihat pula ==
* [[Karnivor]] - untuk hewan pemakan daging secara umum
== Referensi ==
<references />
== Pranala luar ==
{{wikispecies-inline|Carnivora}}
* {{en}} [http://home.uchicago.edu/~johnf/pdf/Flynn_etal_2005.pdf Flynn et al: Molecular Phylogeny of Carnivora] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630051528/http://home.uchicago.edu/~johnf/pdf/Flynn_etal_2005.pdf |date=2007-06-30 }}
* {{en}} [http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=285903&jid=SYP&volumeId=3&issueId=01&aid=285902 Wesley-Hunt: Phylogeny of the Carnivores]{{Pranala mati|date=Agustus 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{
{{Carnivora}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q25306}}
[[Kategori:
[[Kategori:Mamalia]]
[[Kategori:Ordo mamalia]]
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