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'''Metafora''' adalah pemakaian kata atau kelompok kata bukan dengan arti yang sebenarnya, melainkan sebagai lukisan yang berdasarkan persamaan atau perbandingan.<ref name=kbbi>[http://kbbi.web.id/metafora Metafora di Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) daring]</ref> Metafora adalah [[majas]] yang mengungkapkan sesuatu secara langsung berupa perbandingan analogis dengan menghilangkan kata seperti layaknya, bagaikan, dan lain-lain.<ref>{{cite journal|title= Majas Dalam Roman Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang Terjemahan Armijn Pane|authors= Anita, Ahadi Sulissusiawan, Amriani Amir|journal= Khatulistiwa|volume= 2|number= 9|year= 2013|issn= 2715-2723|page= 4|url= https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jpdpb/article/view/3239}}</ref> Beberapa pakar menganggap metafora sebagai “ratunya” majas, karena bila dilihat proses pembentukannya, banyak jenis majas lainnya yang dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam jenis majas ini.<ref>{{cite journal|title= Majas dan Pembentuknya|author= Okke Kusuma Sumantri Zaimar|journal= Makara|volume= 6|number= 2|year= 2002|issn= 2355-794X|page= 48|url= http://hubsasia.ui.ac.id/article/view/312|access-date= 2020-12-11|archive-date= 2021-09-17|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210917184253/http://hubsasia.ui.ac.id/article/view/312|dead-url= yes}}</ref>
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Penggunaan majas ini dapat dilihat pada [[kalimat]] berikut ini:<ref>{{cite journal|title= Kemampuan Menentukan Bentuk dan Makna Majas pada Siswa Kelas IX MTSN 3 Banjarmasin|author= Ngatiyem|journal= Hadratul Madaniyah|volume= 4|number= 2|year= 2017|issn= 2407-3865|page= 35|url= http://journal.umpalangkaraya.ac.id/index.php/jhm/article/view/485}}</ref>
'''Metafora''' adalah salah satu [[majas]] dalam [[Bahasa Indonesia]], dan juga berbagai [[bahasa]] lainnya. Metafora adalah majas yang mengungkapkan ungkapan secara langsung berupa perbandingan analogis. Contoh:
:''Engkau belahan jantung hatiku sayangku.''
:''Raja siang keluar dari ufuk timur.''
:''Jonathan adalah bintang kelas dunia.''
 
{{quote|''Dia dianggap, anak emas majikannya''}}
me·ta·fo·ra /métafora/ n Ling pemakaian kata atau kelompok kata bukan dengan arti yang sebenarnya, melainkan sebagai lukisan yang berdasarkan persamaan atau perbandingan, misalnya tulang punggung dalam kalimat ''pemuda adalah tulang punggung negara''
 
Makna dari "anak emas" pada majas tersebut adalah kata ''Dia'' dalam kalimat tersebut yang berarti seseorang yang sangat disayang oleh ''majikannya''.
{{sastra-stub}}
 
semoga cinta kita akan selalu bersama untuk selama-lama'a
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* [[Stefano Arduini]] (2007). (ed.) ''Metaphors'', Roma, Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura.
* [[Aristoteles]]. ''Poetics''. Trans. I. Bywater. In ''The Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation''. (1984). 2 Vols. Ed. [[Jonathan Barnes]]. Princeton, Princeton University Press.
* [[Max Black]] (1954). ''Metaphor'', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 55, pp.&nbsp;273–294.
* [[Max Black]] (1962). ''Models and metaphors: Studies in language and philosophy'', Ithaca: [[Cornell University Press]].
* [[Max Black]] (1979). ''More about Metaphor'', in A. Ortony (ed) Metaphor & Thought.
* Clive Cazeaux (2007). ''Metaphor and Continental Philosophy: From [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]] to [[Derrida]].'' New York: Routledge.
* L. J. Cohen (1979). ''The Semantics of Metaphor'', in A. Ortony (ed), ''Metaphor & Thought''
* [[Donald Davidson (filsuf)|Donald Davidson]]. (1978). "What Metaphors Mean." Reprinted in ''Inquiries Into Truth and Interpretation''. (1984), Oxford, Oxford University Press.
* [[Jacques Derrida]] (1982). "White Mythology: Metaphor in the Text of Philosophy." In ''Margins of Philosophy''. Trans. Alan Bass. Chicago, [[University of Chicago Press]].
* {{Cite book | surname= | given= | year= 2002 | editor=René Dirvens | editor2=Ralf Pörings | title=Metaphor and Metonymy in Contrast | publisher=Mouton de Gruyter | place=Berlin. }}
* {{cite book |doi=10.3115/991635.991671 |chapter=Metonymy and metaphor: what's the difference? |title=Proceedings of the 12th conference on Computational linguistics |year=1988|last1=Fass |first1=Dan |isbn=978-963-8431-56-1 |volume=1 |pages=177–81}}
* {{Cite book | surname=Jakobson | given=Roman | year= 1990 | chapter=Two Aspects of Language and Two Types of Aphasic Disturbances|pages=115–133| editor=Linda Waugh| editor2=Monique Monville-Burston| title=On Language | edition= | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, MA | isbn=978-0-674-63536-4}}
* Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. ''Metaphors We Live By'' (IL: University of Chicago Press, 1980), Chapters 1–3. (pp.&nbsp;3–13).
* {{Cite book | surname=Lakoff | given=George | title=Metaphors We Live By | publisher=The University of Chicago Press | place=Chicago, IL | year=1980 | isbn=978-0-226-46801-3 | url=https://archive.org/details/metaphorsweliveb00lako }}.
* {{cite book |last=Low |first=Graham |chapter=An Essay is a Person |editor1-first=Lynne |editor1-last=Cameron |editor2-first=Graham |editor2-last=Low |title=Researching and Applying Metaphor |url=https://archive.org/details/researchingapply00came |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/researchingapply00came/page/n230 221]–48 |isbn=978-0-521-64964-3|date=1999-02-11 }}
* {{cite book |doi=10.3115/1118975.1118976 |chapter=Metonymy as a cross-lingual phenomenon |title=Proceedings of the ACL 2003 workshop on Lexicon and figurative language|year=2003 |last=Peters |first=Wim |volume=14 |pages=1–9}}
* McKinnon, AM. (2012). 'Metaphors in and for the Sociology of Religion: Towards a Theory after Nietzsche'. Journal of Contemporary Religion, vol 27, no. 2, pp.&nbsp;203–216. [http://aura.abdn.ac.uk/bitstream/2164/3056/1/Nietzsche_religion_metaphor_for_repository.pdf]
* David Punter (2007). ''Metaphor'', London, Routledge.
* [[Paul Ricoeur]] (1975). ''The Rule of Metaphor: Multi-Disciplinary Studies in the Creation of Meaning in Language'', trans. Robert Czerny with Kathleen McLaughlin and John Costello, S. J., London: Routledge and Kegan Paul 1978. (Toronto: [[University of Toronto Press]] 1977)
* [[I. A. Richards]]. (1936). ''The Philosophy of Rhetoric''. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
* [[John Searle]] (1979). "Metaphor," in A. Ortony (ed.) ''Metaphor and Thought'', Cambridge University Press.
* Underhill, James W., Creating Worldviews: Metaphor, Ideology & Language, Edinburgh UP, 2011.
* {{cite journal|last=Herscberger|first=Ruth|title=The Structure of Metaphor|journal=The Kenyan Review|date=Summer 1943|volume=5|issue=3|pages=433–443|jstor=4332426}}
* {{cite journal|last=Rudmin|first=Floyd W.|title=Having: A Brief History of Metaphor and Meaning|journal=Syracuse Law Review|year=1991|volume=42|pages=163|url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/syrlr42&id=175&type=text&collection=journals|accessdate=11 October 2013}}
* {{cite journal|last=Somov|first=Georgij Yu|title=The interrelation of metaphors and metonymies in sign systems of visual art: An example analysis of works by V. I. Surikov|journal=Semiotica|year=2013|volume=2013|issue=193|pages=31–66|doi=10.1515/sem-2013-0003|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1040441}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Wiktionary|metaphor}}
{{Wikiquote|Metaphors}}
{{commons category|Metaphors}}
* {{In Our Time|History of metaphor|b00w227c|History_of_metaphor}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070101145805/http://tscp.open.ac.uk/t185/html/resources/r2history.htm ''A short history of metaphor'']
* [http://www.americanrhetoric.com/figures/metaphor.htm Audio illustrations of metaphor as figure of speech]
* [http://www.metaphorobservatory.com/2009/07/top-ten-metaphors-of-2008/ Top Ten Metaphors of 2008]
* [http://shakespeare-online.com/biography/metaphorlist.html Shakespeare's Metaphors]
* [http://literaryterms.net/metaphor/ Definition and Examples]
* [http://knowgramming.com/metaphors/metaphor_chapters/examples.htm Metaphor Examples (categorized)]
* [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/resolveform?type=start&lookup=meta&lang=greek List of ancient Greek words starting with ''μετα-''], on Perseus
* [http://www.iep.utm.edu/met-phen/ Metaphor and Phenomenology] article in the ''[[Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]''
* [http://www.bentamari.com/metaphors Metaphors algebra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819090012/http://www.bentamari.com/metaphors |date=2014-08-19 }}
* {{cite journal |pages=130–151 |doi=10.1016/j.pragma.2014.06.008 |title=Meaning construction in verbomusical environments: Conceptual disintegration and metonymy |last=Pérez-Sobrino| year=2014 |first=Paula |journal=Journal of Pragmatics |volume=70 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7924477 |format=PDF}}
 
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