Daya ledak senjata nuklir: Perbedaan antara revisi
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== Contoh dari daya ledak senjata nuklir ==
[[Berkas:Comparative nuclear fireball sizes.svg|
Diurut berdasarkan daya ledak (kebanyakan adalah angka perkiraan):
* Senjata nuklir taktis [[Davy Crockett (senjata nuklir)|Davy Crockett]]: 0,01–1 kt — berat hanya 23
* "[[Little Boy]]" - [[bom gravitasi]] Hiroshima: 12–15 kt — bom fisi [[uranium-235]] (satu dari dua senjata nuklir yang pernah digunakan dalam perang).
* "[[Fat Man]]" - bom gravitasi Nagasaki: 20–22 kt — bom fisi [[plutonium-239]] (senjata nuklir kedua yang pernah digunakan dalam perang).
* Hulu ledak [[W76]]: 100 kt (sebuah [[peluru kendali balistik|rudal balistik]] [[MIRV]] [[Trident|Trident II]] memakai 10 hulu ledak jenis ini).
* Senjata nuklir [[B61]]: Mod 7 (mencapai 350 kt), Mod 10 (4 pilihan daya ledak: 0,3 kt, 1,5 kt, 60 kt dan 170 kt), dan Mod 11 (daya ledak belum dipublikasikan).
* Hulu ledak [[W87]]: 300 kt (sebuah rudal [[MIRV]] [[LG-118A Peacekeeper]] memakai 10 buah hulu ledak jenis ini).
* Hulu ledak [[W88]]: 475 kt (sebuah rudal Trident II memakai 8 buah hulu ledak jenis ini).
* ''[[Ivy King]]'': 500 kt — bom fisi murni terkuat; 60
* [[B83]]: bervariasi, mencapai 1,2 Mt; hulu ledak terkuat AS dalam status operasional.
* [[B53]]: 9 Mt, hulu ledak terkuat AS; tidak lagi operasional, tetapi 50 buah masih disimpan sebagai bagian dari [[Enduring Stockpile]]; sama dengan hulu ledak [[W53]] yang digunakan di [[Titan II|rudal balistik Titan II]], dinonaktifkan pada 1987.
* ''[[Castle Bravo]]'': 15 Mt — uji coba AS yang terkuat.
* EC17/Mk-17, EC24/Mk-24, dan B41 (Mk-41) (senjata terkuat AS: 25 Mt; Mk-17 juga merupakan yang terbesar dalam ukuran dan berat: 20 ton; Mk-41 memiliki berat 4.800
* Keseluruhan seri uji coba [[Operasi Castle]]: 48,2 Mt — daya ledak seri uji coba terbesar yang dilakukan oleh AS.
* ''[[Tsar Bomba]]'': 50 Mt — USSR, bom terkuat yang pernah dibuat, memiliki berat 27 ton.
* Keseluruhan [[uji coba nuklir]]: 510,4 Mt [http://www.thebulletin.org/article_nn.php?art_ofn=mj96norris]<!--the original figure from 1945-1996 is 510.3 Mt. ~70kt added from the India/Pakistan tests to it and rounded it up. -->
Sebagai perbandingan, [[
=== Batas daya ledak ===
[[Berkas:US nuclear weapons yield-to-weight comparison.svg|
Rasio daya ledak terhadap berat adalah besaran daya ledak dibandingkan dengan berat senjata. Rasio maksimum
Bom fisi murni yang pernah dibuat memiliki daya ledak sebesar 500 kt, dimana kemungkinan hampir mencapai batas maksimum disainnya.
Untuk operasional, berlaku batas maksimum dalam pengiriman lewat udara. Contohnya, jika maksimum daya angkut sebuah [[Antonov An-225]] sebesar 250 ton dapat digunakan, maka batas maksimumnya adalah 250 t * 5,2 Mt/t atau 1.300 Mt. Batasan serupa juga berlaku untuk pengiriman berbasis misil yang ditentukan oleh kapasitas angkut misil. Peluru kendali balistik Rusia SS-18 memiliki daya angkut sebesar 7.200
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!width=15%| Tanggal
!width=12%| Nama
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!width=15%| Negara
! Keterangan
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|- valign=top
||[[13 Februari]] [[1960]]
||'''''[[Senjata pemusnah massal
|align="right"|60
||{{negara|
||Uji coba senjata fisi pertama oleh
|- valign=top
||[[31 Oktober]] [[1961]]
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||'''''[[Canopus]]'''''
|align="right"|2.600
||{{negara|
||Uji coba senjata termonuklir [[Disain Teller-Ulam|Teller-Ulam]] pertama oleh
|- valign=top
||[[18 Mei]] [[1974]]
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and substituting in, <math>E</math>=8.889e13 J. With 1 kiloton of TNT= 4.184e12 J the result is 21.24 kilotons of TNT, which agrees nicely with commonly stated value of 20 KT.
Where this data is not available, as in a number of cases, precise yields have been in dispute, especially when they are tied to questions of politics. The weapons used in the [[atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]], for example, were highly individual and very idiosyncratic designs, and gauging their yield retrospectively has been quite difficult. The Hiroshima bomb, "[[Little Boy]]", is estimated to have been between 12 and 18 kt (a 20% margin of error), while the Nagasaki bomb, "[[Fat Man]]", is estimated to be between 18 and 23 kt (a 10% margin of error). Such apparently small changes in values can be important when trying to use the data from these bombings as reflective of how other bombs would behave in combat, and also result in differing assessments of how many "Hiroshima bombs" other weapons are equivalent to (for example, the [[Ivy Mike]] hydrogen bomb was equivalent to either 867 or 578 Hiroshima weapons — a rhetorically quite substantial difference — depending on whether one uses the high or low figure for the calculation). Other disputed yields have included the massive [[Tsar Bomba]], whose yield was claimed between being "only" 50 Mt or at a maximum of 57 Mt by differing political figures, either as a way for hyping the power of the bomb or as an attempt to undercut it.
Nuclear testing yields, as in the Tsar Bomba example, can also be used as a way of reflecting upon technical expertise, and claiming higher yields or accusations of lower yields can be used as a way of promoting or disparaging the technical abilities of a nuclear program. When [[India]] claimed to have successfully detonated a hydrogen bomb in their 1998 [[Operation Shakti]] tests, many Western observers relied on analysis of [[seismograph]]ic data to determine whether the Indian tests reflected a successful hydrogen bomb detonation. Some have alleged that India's reported yields have been higher than their actual test yields, a move which would apparently be for political purposes (to claim more nuclear ability than their rival [[Pakistan]], for example, or to demonstrate their military might to other potential rivals such as nearby [[China]]) if true.--><!--
== Lihat pula ==
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== Pranala luar ==
* {{en}} [http://www.warbirdforum.com/hiroshim.htm "What was the yield of the Hiroshima bomb?"] (excerpt from official report)
* {{en}} [http://www.cddc.vt.edu/host/atomic/nukeffct/enw77a.html "General Principles of Nuclear Explosions"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051201184506/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/host/atomic/nukeffct/enw77a.html |date=2005-12-01 }}, Chapter 1 in Samuel Glasstone and Phillip Dolan, eds., ''The Effects of Nuclear Weapons'', 3rd edn. (Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense/U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, 1977); provides information about the relationship of nuclear yields to other effects (radition, damage, etc.).
* {{en}} [http://www.saag.org/papers5/paper451.html "THE MAY 1998 POKHRAN TESTS: Scientific Aspects"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060405211214/http://www.saag.org/papers5/paper451.html |date=2006-04-05 }}, discusses different methods used to determine the yields of the Indian 1998 tests.
* {{en}} [http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/india/nuke/ Discusses some of the controversy over the Indian test yields]
* {{en}} [http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/India/IndiaRealYields.html "What are the real yields of India's nuclear tests?"] from Carey Sublette's NuclearWeaponArchive.org
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[[Kategori:Senjata nuklir]]
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