Tokek: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Short description|Tokek}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fill = yes
| taxon = Gekko
| fossil_range = {{ Fossil range|55|0|[[Eosen]] sampai sekarang }}
| authority = [[Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti|Laurenti]], 1768<ref>Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). www.itis.gov.</ref>
| type_species = ''[[Lacerta gecko]]''<br/><small>[[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[Systema Naturae edisi ke-10|1758]]</small>
| name = Tokek
| subdivision_ranks = Spesies
| subdivision =
}}
Tokek menyebar luas di [[Asia Selatan]] dan [[Asia Tenggara]], ke utara hingga [[Korea]] dan [[Jepang]], lalu ke timur—meliputi Kepulauan [[Nusantara]] dan [[Filipina]]—hingga Kepulauan [[Solomon]] dan [[Santa Cruz]] di [[Pasifik]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{NRDB species|genus=Gekko |species=auriverrucosus |accessdate=30 May 2016}}</ref>
== Pengenalan ==
[[Berkas:Gekko japonicus.JPG|jmpl|kiri|200px|[[Tokek jepang]] ''Gekko japonicus'']]
Tokek berkerabat dekat dengan cecak dan keduanya merupakan hewan yang dapat memutuskan dan menumbuhkan ekornya (autotomi), tetapi tokek berukuran lebih besar. Kulit punggung ditutupi oleh sisik-sisik granular dengan bintil-bintil yang agak besar dan menonjol. Pupil mata tegak bentuk jorong, dengan tepian yang bergerigi. Jari-jari kaki depan dan belakang tumbuh sempurna, melebar di ujung, terkadang dengan selaput di antara pangkal jari. Cakar (kuku) terdapat pada ujung jari bagian bawah. Sisi bawah jari dihiasi dengan bantalan pelekat (disebut ''scansor'') yang berguna untuk menempel pada substrat agar tidak jatuh, biasanya digunakan ketika memanjat pohon, dinding atau langit-langit rumah.<ref name="kinabalu"/>
Tokek biasanya aktif di saat senja dan malam hari. Ciri khas tokek adalah sering mengeluarkan suara panggilan ketika menjelang malam, meski suara panggilannya kadang-kadang terdengar di siang hari. Tokek tinggal di lubang pepohonan di hutan atau di bawah kayu atau bebatuan, tetapi sering juga berada di lingkungan manusia, biasanya di balik lemari atau di gudang. Tokek adalah pemakan [[serangga]] yang masif, tetapi mereka juga memburu makanan lain, seperti cacing, dan terkadang reptilia yang lebih kecil. Tokek betina berkembangbiak dengan bertelur, biasanya diletakkan menempel di sudut lubang atau dinding, sering pula di balik lemari atau pajangan di dalam rumah. Tempat menyimpan telur ini biasanya akan digunakan berulang kali oleh tokek yang sama.<ref name="kinabalu"/>
==
81 berikut telah disahkan sebagai spesies valid.<ref>"''Gekko''". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lyu|first1=Zhi-Tong|last2=Lin|first2=Chao-Yu|last3=Ren|first3=Jin-Long|last4=Jiang|first4=Ke|last5=Zhang|first5=Yin-Peng|last6=Qi|first6=Shuo|last7=Wang|first7=Jian|date=2021-04-06|title=Review of the Gekko ( Japonigekko ) subpalmatus complex (Squamata, Sauria, Gekkonidae), with description of a new species from China|url=https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4951.2.2|journal=Zootaxa|language=en|volume=4951|issue=2|pages=236–258|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4951.2.2|pmid=33903401|issn=1175-5334|doi-access=free}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*''[[Gekko aaronbaueri]]'' {{small|[[Ngo Van Tri|Tri]], [[Pham Hong Thai (herpetologist)|Thai]], [[Anorath Phimvohan|Phimvohan]], [[Patrick David|David]] & [[Alexandre Teynié|Teynié]], 2015}} – tokek Aaron Bauer
*''[[Gekko adleri]]'' {{small|[[Truong Quang Nguyen|T.Q. Nguyen]], [[Ying-yong Wang|Y. Wang]], [[Jian-huan|Yang]], [[Tanja Lehmann|Lehmann]], [[:fr:Thomas Ziegler|Ziegler]] & Bonkowski, 2013}} – tokek Adler
*''[[Gekko albofasciolatus]]'' {{small|([[Albert Günther|A. Günther]], 1867)}}
*''[[Gekko athymus]]'' {{small|[[:fr:Walter Creighton Brown|W.C. Brown]] & [[:fr:Angel Chua Alcala|Alcala]], 1962}} – tokek Brown
*''[[Gekko auriverrucosus]]'' {{small|[[Kai-ya Zhou|Zhou]] & [[Yue-zhen Liu|Y. Liu]], 1982}} – tokek Shanxi<ref name="ReferenceA">{{NRDB species|genus=Gekko |species=auriverrucosus |accessdate=30 May 2016}}</ref>
*''[[Gekko badenii]]'' {{small|[[Nikolay Szczerbak|Szczerbak]] & [[O.D. Nekrasova|Nekrasova]], 1994}} – tokek emas
*''[[Gekko bannaense]]'' {{small|Y. Wang, [[Jian Wang (herpetologist)|J. Wang]] & [[Zu-yao Liu|Z. Liu]], 2016}} – tokek parasut Banna
*''[[Gekko boehmei]]'' {{small|[[Vinh Quang Luu|Luu]], [[Thomas Calame|Calame]], T.Q. Nguyen, [[Minh Duc Le|Le]] & Ziegler, 2015}} – tokek Böhme
*''[[Gekko bonkowskii]]'' {{small|Luu, Calame, T.Q. Nguyen, Le & Ziegler, 2015}} – tokek Bonkowski
*''[[Gekko browni]]'' {{small|Russell, 1979}} – tokek Brown, tokek serigala Brown, tokek pinggir Brown
*''[[Gekko canaensis]]'' {{small|[[Ngo Van Tri|Ngo]] & [[Tony Gamble|Gamble]], 2011}}<ref>{{cite journal
| author1 = van Tri, Ngo
| author2 = Gamble T.
| journal = Zootaxa
| volume = 2890
| pages = 53–6
| date = 25 May 2011
| title = ''Gekko canaensis'' sp. nov. (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new gecko from southern Vietnam
| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.2890.1.5
| url = http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/z02890p064f.pdf
| access-date = 4 August 2011
}}</ref> – tokek marmer Cà Ná
*''[[Gekko canhi]]'' {{small|[[Herbert Rösler (herpetologist)|Rösler]], T.Q. Nguyen, [[Kien Van Doan|Doan]], [[Cuc Thu Ho|Ho]], [[Tao Thien Nguyen|T.T. Nguyen]] & Zeigler, 2010}}<ref>{{aut|Rösler, H.}} ''et al''. 2010: A new species of the genus ''Gekko'' Laurenti (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Vietnam with remarks on ''G. japonicus'' (Schlegel). {{ISSN|1175-5326}} ''Zootaxa'', '''2329''': 56–68. [http://www.mapress.com./zootaxa/2010/f/z02329p068f.pdf Preview]</ref> – tokek Canh
*''[[Gekko carusadensis]]'' {{small|[[Charles W. Linkem|Linkem]], [[Cameron D. Siler|Siler]], [[:fr:Arvin Cantor Diesmos|Diesmos]], [[Emerson Sy|Sy]] & [[:fr:Rafe Marion Brown|R.M. Brown]], 2010}}<ref>{{aut|Linkem, C.W.}}; {{aut|Siler, C.D.}}; {{aut|Diesmos, A.C.}}; {{aut|Sy, E.}}; {{aut|Brown, R.M.}} 2010: A new species of ''Gekko'' (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from central Luzon Island, Philippines. {{ISSN|1175-5326}} ''Zootaxa'', '''2396''': 37–49. [http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2010/f/z02396p049f.pdf Preview]</ref> – tokek Luzon karst
*''[[Gekko chinensis]]'' {{small|([[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1842)}} – tokek Tiongkok Gray<ref>{{NRDB species|genus=Gekko |species=chinensis |accessdate=30 May 2016}}</ref>
*''[[Gekko cib]]'' <small>Lyu, Lin, Ren, Jiang, Zhang, Qi & Wang, 2021</small>
*''[[Gekko cicakterbang]]'' {{small|[[:fr:Larry Lee Grismer|L. Grismer]], [[Perry L. Wood, Jr.|Wood]], [[Jesse L. Grismer|J. Grismer]], [[Evan S. H. Quah|Quah]], [[Neang Thy|Thy]], [[Somphouthone Phimmachak|Phimmachak]], [[Niane Sivongxay|Sivongxay]], [[Sengvilay Seateun|Seateun]], [[:fr:Bryan L. Stuart|B. Stuart]], Siler, [[Daniel G. Mulcahy|Mulcahy]], [[Tashitso Anamza|Anamza]] & R.M. Brown, 2019}} – tokek parasut Malaysia
*''[[Gekko coi]]'' {{small|R.M. Brown, Siler, [[Carl H. Oliveros|Oliveros]], Diesmos & Alcala, 2011}}
*''[[Gekko crombota]]'' {{small|R.M. Brown, Oliveros, Siler & Diesmos, 2008}} – tokek Babuyan Claro
*''[[Gekko ernstkelleri]]'' {{small|Rösler, Siler, R.M. Brown, [[Arnold D. Demegillo|Demegillo]] & [[Marin Gaulke|Gaulke]], 2006}}
*''[[Gekko flavimaritus]]'' {{small|[[Attapol Rujirawan|Rujirawan]], [[Jonathan J. Fong|Fong]], [[Natee Ampai|Ampai]], [[Siriporn Yodthong|Yodthong]], [[Korkhwan Termprayoon|Termprayoon]] & [[Anchalee Aowphol|Aowphol]], 2019}}
*''[[Tokek rumah|Gekko gecko]]'' {{small|([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])}} – tokek rumah
**''Gekko gecko azhari'' {{small|[[Robert Mertens|Mertens]], 1955}}
**''Gekko gecko gecko'' {{small|([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])}}
*''[[Gekko gigante]]'' {{small|W.C. Brown & Alcala, 1978}} – tokek [[Islas de Gigantes|Gigante]]<ref>[http://news.mongabay.com/2010/0408-hance_fs_gekkogigante.html Forgotten species: the subterranean ''Gekko gigante''] (12/03/2014) news.mongabay.com.</ref>
*''[[Gekko grossmanni]]'' {{small|[[:fr:Rainer Günther|R. Günther]], 1994}} – tokek Grossmann
*''[[Gekko guishanicus]]'' {{small|[[Jun-Tsong Lin|Lin]] & [[Chiou-Ju Yao|Yao]], 2016}}
*''[[Gekko gulat]]'' {{small|R.M. Brown, Diesmos, [[Melizar V. Duya|Duya]], [[Harvey J. D. Garcia|Garcia]] & [[Edmund Leo B. Rico|Rico]], 2010}}
*''[[Gekko hokouensis]]'' {{small|[[Clifford H. Pope|Pope]], 1928}} – tokek Kwangsi
*''[[Gekko horsfieldii]]'' {{small|([[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1827)}} – tokek terbang [[Thomas Horsfield|Horsfield]], tokek parasut Horsfield
*''[[Gekko intermedium]]'' {{small|[[Edward Harrison Taylor|Taylor]], 1915}} – tokek terbang menengah
*''[[Gekko iskandari]]'' {{small|R.M. Brown, [[Jatna Supriatna|Supriatna]] & [[Hidetoshi Ota|Ota]], 2000}} – tokek kaki penutup Pak Djoko
*''[[Gekko japonicus]]'' {{small|([[Hermann Schlegel|Schlegel]], 1836)}} – tokek Jepang Schlegel
*''[[Gekko jinjiangensis]]'' <small>Hou, Shi, Wang, Shu, Zheng, Qi, Liu, Jiang, & Xie, 2021</small>
*''[[Gekko kabkaebin]]'' {{small|L. Grismer, Wood, J. Grismer, Quah, Thy, Phimmachak, Sivongxay, Seateun, B. Stuart, Siler, Mulcahy, Anamza & R.M. Brown, 2019}} – tokek parasut Lao
*''[[Gekko kaengkrachanense]]'' {{small|[[Montri Sumontha|Sumontha]], [[:fr:Olivier Sylvain Gérard Pauwels|Pauwels]], [[Kirati Kunya|Kunya]], [[Chaiwat Limlikhitaksorn|Limlikhitaksorn]], [[Sirichai Ruksue|Ruksue]], [[Apirat Taokratok|Taokratok]], [[Michel Ansermet|Ansermet]] & [[Lawan Chanhome|Chanhome]], 2012}} – tokek parasut Kaeng Krachan
*''[[Gekko kikuchii]]'' {{small|([[Masamitsu Ōshima|Ōshima]], 1912)}} – tokek Botel
*''[[Gekko kuhli]]'' {{small|([[Leonhard Stejneger|Stejneger]], 1902)}} – tokek terbang Kuhl, tokek parasut Kuhl
*''[[Gekko kwangsiensis]]'' {{small|Yang, 2015}} – tokek Kwangsi
*''[[Gekko lauhachindai]]'' {{small|[[Nonn Panitvong|Panitvong]], Sumontha, [[Kanokorn Konlek|Konlek]] & Kunya, 2010}} – tokek gua Lauhachinda<ref>Panitvong, N., Sumontha, M., Konlek, K., & Kunya, K. (2010). "''Gekko lauhachindai'' sp. nov., a new cave-dwelling gecko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from central Thailand." ''Zootaxa'' '''2671''': 40–52.</ref>
*''[[Gekko liboensis]]'' {{small|Zhou, Y. Liu & [[De-jun Li|Li]], 1982}} – tokek Libo
*''[[Gekko lionotum]]'' {{small|[[Nelson Annandale|Annandale]], 1905}} – tokek melayang berpunggung halus, tokek terbang Burma, tokek parasut Burma
*''[[Gekko melli]]'' {{small|([[Theodor Vogt|T. Vogt]], 1922)}} – tokek Mell
*''[[Gekko mindorensis]]'' {{small|Taylor, 1919}} – tokek cakram sempit Mindoro
*''[[Gekko monarchus]]'' {{small|(Schlegel, 1836)}} – tokek rumah berbintik
*''[[Gekko nadenensis]]'' {{small|Luu, T.Q. Nguyen, Le, Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2017}} – tokek Naden
*''[[Gekko nicobarensis]]'' {{small|[[:fr:Indraneil Das|Das]] & [[Seenapuram Palaniswamy Vijayakumar|Vijayakumar]], 2009}} – tokek melayang Nicobar
*''[[Gekko nutaphandi]]'' {{small|[[:fr:Aaron Matthew Bauer|Bauer]], Sumontha & Pauwels, 2008}}<!--Zootaxa1750:32. -->
*''[[Gekko palawanensis]]'' {{small|Taylor, 1925}} – tokek Palawan
*''[[Gekko palmatus]]'' {{small|[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1907}} – tokek palem
*''[[Gekko petricolus]]'' {{small|Taylor, 1962}} – tokek batupasir
*''[[Gekko phuyenensis]]'' {{small|Nguyen, Nguyen, Orlov, Murphy, & Nguyen, 2021}}
*''[[Gekko popaense]]'' {{small|L. Grismer, Wood, [[Myint Kyaw Thura|Thura]], [[Marta S. Grismer|M. Grismer]], R.M. Brown & B. Stuart, 2018}} – tokek parasut Gn. Popa
*''[[Gekko porosus]]'' {{small|Taylor, 1922}} – tokek Taylor
*''[[Gekko pradapdao]]'' {{small|Meesok, Sumontha, Donbundit, & Pauwels, 2021}}
*''[[Gekko reevesii]]'' {{small|(Gray, 1831)}} – tokek Reeves
*''[[Gekko remotus]]'' {{small|Rösler, [[Ivan Ineich|Ineich]], [[:de:Thomas Wilms|Wilms]] & [[:de:Wolfgang Böhme (Zoologe)|Böhme]], 2012}}
*''[[Gekko rhacophorus]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1899)}} – tokek terbang Sabah
*''[[Gekko romblon]]'' {{small|W.C. Brown & Alcala, 1978}} – tokek Filipina
*''[[Gekko rossi]]'' {{small|R.M. Brown, Oliveros, Siler & Diesmos, 2009}} – tokek Calayan Ross
*''[[Gekko russelltraini]]'' {{small|Ngo, Bauer, Wood & J. Grismer, 2009}} – tokek marmer Russell Train
*''[[Gekko scabridus]]'' {{small|Y. Liu & Zhou, 1982}} – tokek Yunnan
*''[[Gekko scientiadventura]]'' {{small|Rösler, Ziegler, [[Ngoc Thanh Vu|Vu]], [[Hans-Werner Herrmann|Herrmann]] & Böhme, 2005}}
*''[[Gekko sengchanthavongi]]'' {{small|Luu, Calame, T.Q. Nguyen, Le & Ziegler, 2015}} – tokek Sengchanthavong
*''[[Gekko shibatai]]'' {{small|[[Mamoru Toda|Toda]], [[Showichi Sengoku|Sengoku]], [[Tsutomu Hikida|Hikida]] & Ota, 2008}}
*''[[Gekko siamensis]]'' {{small|[[Wolfgang Grossman|Grossman]] & [[Thomas Ulber|Ulber]], 1990}} – tokek mata hijau Siam
*''[[Gekko similignum]]'' {{small|[[Malcolm Arthur Smith|M.A. Smith]], 1923}}
*''[[Tokek hutan|Gekko smithii]]'' {{small|Gray, 1842}} – tokek kayu, tokek mata hijau [[Andrew Smith (ahli zoologi)|(Andrew) Smith]]<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michel; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Gekko smithii'', p. 246).</ref>
*''[[Gekko sorok]]'' {{small|Das, [[Maklarin Lakim|Lakim]] & [[Pius Kandaung|Kandaung]], 2008}}
*''[[Gekko subpalmatus]]'' {{small|(A. Günther, 1864)}}<!-- BiodiversConserv17:2037. -->
*''[[Gekko swinhonis]]'' {{small|A. Günther, 1864}} – tokek Peking
*''[[Gekko taibaiensis]]'' {{small|[[Ming-tao Song|Song]], 1985}} – tokek Mingtao
*''[[Gekko takouensis]]'' {{small|Ngo & Gamble, 2010}} – tokek marmer Ta Kou
*''[[Gekko tawaensis]]'' {{small|[[Yaichirō Okada|Okada]], 1956}} – tokek Tawa
*''[[Gekko thakhekensis]]'' {{small|Luu, Calame, T.Q. Nguyen, Le, Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2014}} – tokek Thakhek
*''[[Gekko tokehos]]'' {{small|L. Grismer, Wood, J. Grismer, Quah, Thy, Phimmachak, Sivongxay, Seateun, B. Stuart, Siler, Mulcahy, Anamza & R.M. Brown, 2019}} – tokek parasut Kamboja
*''[[Gekko trinotaterra]]'' {{small|R.M. Brown, 1999}}
*''[[Gekko truongi]]'' {{small|[[Trung My Phung|Phung]] & Ziegler, 2011}} – tokek Truong
*''[[Gekko verreauxi]]'' {{small|[[Robert Christopher Tytler|Tytler]], 1865}} – tokek raksasa Andaman
*''[[Gekko vertebralis]]'' {{small|Toda, Sengoku, Hikida & Ota, 2008}}
*''[[Gekko vietnamensis]]'' {{small|[[Nguyen Ngoc Sang|Sang]], 2010}}<ref>[http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2010/f/z02501p060f.pdf A new poreless species of ''Gekko'' Laurenti, 1768 (Gekkonidae: Squamata) from An Giang Province, southern Vietnam] Nguyễn Ngọc Sang, ''Zootaxa'' '''2501''': 54-60. (10/6/2010)</ref> – tokek Vietnam
*''[[Gekko vittatus]]'' {{small|[[Martinus Houttuyn|Houttuyn]], 1782}} – tokek bergaris
*''[[Gekko wenxianensis]]'' {{small|Zhou & [[Qiu-xian Wang|Wang]], 2008}}<!--Zootaxa1778:59. -->
*''[[Gekko yakuensis]]'' {{small|[[:fr:Takaji Matsui|T. Matsui]] & Okada, 1968}} – tokek Yakushima
}}
''[[Nota bene]]'': [[Binomial nomenklatur|Otoritas binomial]] dalam kurung menunjukkan bahwa spesies awalnya dijelaskan dalam genus selain ''Gekko''.
== Catatan kaki ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{wikispecies-inline|''Gekko''}}
{{commonscat-inline|''Gekko''}}
* {{NCBI|8565}}
* {{ITIS|ID=174049|taxon=Gekko}}
* {{Eol|35560}}
* {{NRDB genus|genus=Gekko}}
* [http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Gekko/ Animal Diversity: Genus ''Gekko'']
* [http://www.organismnames.com/query.htm?q=Gekko&searchType=simple&so=a0&pp=112 Gekko] at [[ION]]
* [http://www.ubio.org/NZ/search.php?search=Gekko&selectall=Check+All&colname=on&colcategory=on&colauthority=on&colcomments=on&page=&vol= Nomenclator Zoologicus]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q132598}}
[[Kategori:Genera kadal]]
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