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{{Infobox Person
| name = Ernest Townsend
| image = Self Portrait Ernest Townsend Selfdied Portrait1944.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Foto diri (penggunaan wajar1944)
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1 Januari 1880
| birth_place = [[Derby]]
| death_date = 22 Januari 1944
| death_place = Derby
| death_cause =
| residence =
| other_names =
| known_for =
| education = [[Sekolah Seni Derby]], Heatherley's anddan Royal Academy
| employer =
| occupation = Pelukis potret
| title =
| salary =
| networth =
| height =
| weight =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| pa rty =
| boards =
| religion =
| spouse = Doris Campbell
| partner =
| children =
| parents =
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| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
| nationality = {{BRI}}
}}
'''Ernest Townsend''' ({{lahirmati|[[Derby]], [[Inggris]]|1|1|1880|[[Derby]], [[Inggris]]|22|1|1944}}) adalah seorang pelukis potret dari [[Derby]], [[Inggris]].<ref name="potter">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.bamfords-auctions.co.uk/BidCat/catalogues.asp?select=FAJUL07&status=A&offset=600 |title=Ernest Townsend (1880&ndash;19441880–1944) The Potter |publisher=Bamfords Ltd. |accessdate=January 2011}}</ref><ref name=doba>{{en}} {{cite book|title=Dictionary of British Artists|year=1977|publisher=Antique Collectors' Club Ltd|isbn=978-0902028364|editor=J.Johnson & A. Greutzner}}</ref>
 
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Ernest Townsend studiedbelajar atdi DerbySekolah CollegeSeni of ArtDerby, [[Heatherley School of Fine Art|Heatherleys]] indi Chelsea anddan thedi [[Royal Academy]]. AmongDi hisantara notablekaryanya worksyang weredikenal aadalah 1915 portrait of the Right Hon.potret [[Winston Churchill]] whenketika hemasih wasmenjadi ''First Lord of the Admiralty''. ThisLukisan pictureini nowsekarang hangsdiletakkan in thedi [[National Liberal Club]] in, London.<ref name="churchill">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-about-winston-churchill/spinning-top-of-memories |title=Churchill's London:
Spinning Top of Memories of Ungrand Places and Moments in Time |last=Gilbert |first=Martin |date=17 September 1985 |publisher=The Churchill Centre and Museum at the Churchill War Rooms, London |accessdate=17 February 2011}}</ref>
 
Ernest Townsend juga ditugaskan untuk merancang atap dari pabrik mesin pesawat [[Rolls-Royce Limited|Rolls-Royce]] di Derby agar tampil sebagai sebuah perumahan pedesaan jika dilihat oleh pembom Jerman dari udara.<ref name=goodeys>{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allard|first=Sarah|title=Goodey's Derby: Paintings and drawings in the collection of Derby Museum and Art Gallery|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7ffNAAAACAAJ&dq=goodey's+derby&hl=en&ei=NBBgTaWFLcyq8AO2r7Ba&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA|year=2003|publisher=Breedon Books|isbn=1-85983-379-9|coauthors=Nicola Rippon}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Townsend was commissioned to create a design for the roofs of the [[Rolls-Royce Limited|Rolls-Royce]] aircraft engine factories in Derby so that they would appear to German bombers to be no more than a village.<ref name=goodeys/>
 
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== Tahun-tahun awal ==
Ernest Townsend dilahirkan di Parliament Street, Derby, termuda dari lima bersaudara anak James Townsend. Ayahnya adalah seorang ''coachbuilder'' (pembuat badan kendaraan bermotor) di Holmes of Derby (sekarang Sanderson & Holmes). Pekerjaan ini adalah pekerjaan tiga generasi di keluarga Townsend. Kakek Ernest, William Townsend pindah ke Derby dari [[Bitton]], Gloucestershire pada akhir tahun 1850-an. Pada usia delapan tahun, pengasuh Ernest adalah kakak perempuannya.<ref name="stanton">{{en}} {{cite journal|last=Stanton|first=Richard|title=The Search Continues: Artists of 1912|journal=Journal of Olympic History|year=2002|month=Dec-Jan|volume=10|pages=79|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1u.pdf|ref=stanton|access-date=2011-05-21|archive-date=2011-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727011704/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1u.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
Pendidikan awalnya di Abbey Street School dan pada usia 14 tahun ia magang di sebuah firma arsitek, Wright dan Thorpe (kemudian dikenal sebagai T.H. Thorpe Associates), berlatih di 23 St James St, Derby. Thomas Harrison Thorpe, rekanan yuniornya, segera mengetahui kemampuan seni Ernest dan menjadi teman sejatinya kemudian.<ref name="stanton"/>
 
== Heatherleys dan Royal Academy ==
Karena dukungan temannya, akhirnya ia meninggalkan arsitektur sama sekali dan memulai program studi sepenuhnya di Sekolah Seni Rupa Heatherly di London (Heatherly School of Fine Art).<ref name="stanton"/> Ia kemudian pindah ke kursus lima tahun di Sekolah Royal Academy. Ia masuk sebagai mahasiswa Sekolah Melukis di Royal Academy sampai Januari 1907. Di antara para dosen di akademinya adalah [[John Singer Sargent]], dan [[Lawrence Alma-Tadema]].<ref name=goodeys/> Teman-temannya termasuk [[Aubrey Beardsley]], [[Alfred Munnings]], [[Augustus John]], dan [[Laura Knight]].<ref name=goodeys /> Ernest Townsend memamerkan 15 lukisan di akademi antara tahun 1910 sampai 1937, seperti pada daftar di bawah.
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Townsend's early promise was justified and eventually he left architecture altogether and embarked on a full-time course at the Heatherly School of Fine Art in London.<ref name="stanton"/> He then moved to a five-year course at the Royal Academy Schools. He was enrolled as a student in the School of Painting at the Royal Academy from the 28th January until January 1907. Amongst his tutors at the Academy Schools were [[John Singer Sargent]] and [[Lawrence Alma-Tadema]].<ref name=goodeys/> His friends included [[Aubrey Beardsley]], [[Alfred Munnings]], [[Augustus John]], and [[Laura Knight]].<ref name=goodeys>{{cite book|last=Allard|first=Sarah|title=Goodey's Derby: Paintings and drawings in the collection of Derby Museum and Art Gallery |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7ffNAAAACAAJ&dq=goodey's+derby&hl=en&ei=NBBgTaWFLcyq8AO2r7Ba&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA |year=2003|publisher=Breedon Books|isbn=1-85983-379-9|coauthors=Nicola Rippon}}</ref> Townsend exhibited 15 paintings at the Academy between 1910 and 1937, as shown below.
 
AsSebagai anmahasiswa impecuniousseni artyang student,kurang hemampu, livedia withtinggal hisbersama brothersaudaranya, William Paulson Townsend, whoyang hadtelah becomemenjadi DesignGuru MasterBesar atDesain thedi [[Royal School of Needlework]] anddan wasmerupakan anseorang authorpenulis anddan editor ofdari variousberbagai artjurnal publicationsseni. Ernest supplementedmenambah hispenghasilannya incomedengan withmembuat designkarya workdesain fordi thesemajalah-majalah magazinesini, in particular forkhususnya theuntuk ''[[Art Worker's Quarterly]]''.
 
InTahun 1904 heia wonmemperoleh thebeasiswa Royal Academy's Landseer Scholarshipuntuk forlukisan figuretubuh paintingdan and intahun 1905 he wonmemperoleh thepenghargaan Academy's Creswick prize foruntuk ''Willows and Weeds'', asebuah paintinglukisan donatedyang bydisumbangkan hiskeluarganya familyke afterGaleri his death to theSeni Derby Artsetelah Galleryia meninggal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.artsderbyshire.org.uk/find_artist/articles/Derbyshire_Heritage_Artists.html |title=Derbyshire Heritage Artists |date=7 February 2010 |accessdate=February 2011 |publisher=Arts Derbyshire |archive-date=2011-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210061716/http://www.artsderbyshire.org.uk/find_artist/articles/Derbyshire_Heritage_Artists.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
-->
 
== Kembali ke Derby ==
Tahun 1907, ia meninggalkan London. Setelah beberapa waktu di [[Paris]] dan [[Belanda]], ia kembali ke Derby, tempat ia memiliki studio di Full Street, tinggal di [[Coxbench]]. Tahun 1912 Ernest Townsed, seperti halnya teman-temannya Alfred Munnings and Laura Knight, mewakili Britania Raya di [[Olimpiade]] di [[Stockholm]] dengan memasukkan lukisan pada pameran Seni Olimpiade yang menjadi bagian dari Olimpiade Stockholm 1912.<ref name="stanton" />
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In 1907, he left London. After some time in [[Paris]] and the [[Netherlands]], he returned to Derby, where he had a studio in Full Street, living in nearby [[Coxbench]]. In 1912, Townsend, like his friends, Alfred Munnings and Laura Knight, represented Great Britain in the [[Olympic Games]] in [[Stockholm]] by entering a painting in the [[Art competitions at the 1912 Summer Olympics|Olympic Art exhibition]].<ref name="stanton">{{cite journal|last=Stanton|first=Richard|title=The Search Continues: Artists of 1912|journal=Journal of Olympic History|year=2002|month=Dec-Jan|volume=10|pages=79|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1u.pdf|ref=stanton}}</ref>
 
AtPada the age ofusia 25 tahun, Ernest Townsend wasmendapat commissionedpenugasan tountuk paintmelukis hismantan formerkepala headmastersekolahnya atdi theSekolah School of ArtSeni, T.C. Simmonds. ThisLukisan paintingini waskemudian laterditerima accepted by theoleh Royal Academy fordalam itsPameran 1910Musim SummerPanas Exhibition1910. PerhapsKemungkinan itkarena waskeberhasilan thisini successkemudian thatmengarahkannya ledpada topenugasan anotherlain commissionuntuk frommelukis thepotret TownWilliam forCrowther, a portrait of the LibrariesDirektur Museum anddan ArtGaleri GallerySeni DirectorLibraries, Williampada Crowther,saat uponpensiunnya his [[retirement]] intahun 1911. ManyBeberapa kali morepenugasan "officialresmi" commissionsberdatangan weredari topemerintah comekota fromsampai theakhir Townhayat for the remainder ofErnest Townsend's life; alukisan successionpotret ofpara mayoralwali portraitskota<ref name="potter"/> cansaat ini bebisa seendilihat indi thebalai Councilkota chambersaat todayini.
 
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=== Potret Winston Churchill ===
Lukisan potret Ernest Townsend untuk [[Winston Churchill]] ketika masih menjadi ''First Lord of the Admiralty'' ditugaskan secara anonim. Lukisan ini sekarang disimpan di [[National Liberal Club]] di London, tetapi baru dipasang tahun 1944. Winston Churchill telah bersedia untuk menampilkannya tahun 1915, tetapi ketika siap, ia sudah tidak lagi terkenal di Liberal Club. Lukisan potret itu dibersihkan dan ditampilkan pada masyarakat setelah suksesnya Winston Churchill pada tahun 1944, ketika ia diminta kembali untuk menampilkannya.<ref name="churchill"/>
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Townsend's 1915 portrait of the Right Hon. [[Winston Churchill]] when he was First Lord of the Admiralty was commissioned anonymously. This picture now hangs in the [[National Liberal Club]] in London, but it was not hung until 1944. Churchill had been unavailable to unveil it in 1915, and when he was available, he was no longer popular in the Liberal Club. The portrait was mothballed and retrieved for public viewing only following Churchill's success in 1944, when he was belatedly asked to unveil it.<ref name="churchill"></ref>
 
=== The Derby Sketching Club ===
JustSama ashalnya theseperti Academysekolah Schoolsatau hadakademi itsmemiliki elitekelompok bandseniman of- artists&mdash;Munnings, Laura Knight, etdan al&mdash;solain-lain did- begitu juga Derby onpada askala lesserlebih sca1ekecil. Edwardian Derby hadmemiliki itssekelompok ownseniman band of regional artistsdaerah: [[Alfred John Keene]] (alsojuga noteddikenal fordengan hisfotografi finepada earlymasa photographyawal), S. H. Parkin, anddan [[Frank Gresley]].<ref name=goodeys/> TheseIni andadalah asebagian numberyang ofdikenal lesserdan knownpunya butkompetensi competentseniman artistsyang metbertemu via thedi [[Derby Sketching Club]], tohingga whichErnest Townsendkemudian was immediately attractedtertarik. HeIa wastetap tomenjadi remainanggota aklub membersampai ofakhir thehayatnya clubdan formempunyai the rest of his life and he found a patron inpanutan [[Alfred E. Goodey]] via themelalui clubklub.
 
ItKetika was at thedi Sketching Club thatia he metbertemu Peter Campbell and hisdan sonanaknya Percy. Peter hadbaru movedpindah fromdari [[Stockton-on-Tees]] tountuk workbekerja fordi theperusahaan Bemrose Companysebagai asseniman a commercial artistkomersial, althoughtetapi hekemudian lateria wentbekerja freelancebebas. Peter Campbell producedmembuat muchbanyak workkarya for theuntuk [[Midland Railway]]. ThePersahabatan friendshipini led tomembawa Ernest beingdiundang invitedke torumah theCampbell Campbells' home ondi Havelock Road in, Derby, whichyang wasberada thendi almost in thepinggiran countrykota. TheKetiganya threeberbagi mencerita sharedtidak anhanya interesttentang notseni only in artlukis, buttetapi injuga amateurmusik musicamatir. InKemudian thisbergabung they were joined byputri Peter's daughter, Doris, whoyang wasmenjadi anpianis accomplishedsedangkan pianistayahnya tobiola herdan father'sErnest violinTownsend andsebagai Townsend'spenyanyi baritonebariton. Doris wasjuga alsoanggota a member of thedari Sketching Club.<ref name=carn>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.picturethepast.org.uk/frontend.php?keywords=Ref_No_increment;EQUALS;DMAG200156&pos=2&action=zoom |title=Hospital Carnival Day, Derby |publisher=Picture the Past |accessdate=19 February 2011}}</ref> Peter Townsend marriedkemudian menikahi Doris Campbell onpada 30th30 DecemberDesember 1912 atdi Gereja St. James' Church indi [[Clapham]].
-->
==Perang Dunia II==▼
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When Townsend died in 1944, some said it was due to overwork. He had been busy during the war creating designs that could be used to camouflage Rolls-Royce's aircraft engine factories in Derby. These factories built the [[Rolls-Royce Merlin|Merlin]] engines that powered the [[Supermarine Spitfire|Spitfir]]e and [[Hawker Hurricane|Hurricane]] fighters. Using his skills, he made the factory appear from the air to be no more than a village.<ref name=goodeys/>
 
▲== Perang Dunia II ==
In 1944 Derby Art Gallery put on a memorial exhibition in his honour.<ref name="potter"></ref> [[Derby Museum and Art Gallery|Derby Art Gallery]] still houses a large collection of his work,<ref name=goodeys/> although not on permanent display. Townsend's death in 1944 means that his works will not be in the public domain until 2014 and use of his paintings requires the permission of the [[copyright]] owner. There is a permanent display of reproductions of many of his works in the ''Standing Order'' public house in Derby.
Ketika Ernest Townsend meninggal tahun 1944, sebagian orang berpendapat karena ia keletihan bekerja. Ia demikian sibuk selama perang untuk membuat rancangan yang digunakan menyamarkan pabrik mesin pesawat Rolls-Royce di Derby. Pabrik ini membuat mesin [[Rolls-Royce Merlin|Merlin]] yang menjadi mesin pesawat-pesawat tempur [[Supermarine Spitfire|Spitfire]] dan [[Hawker Hurricane|Hurricane]]. Dengan kemampuan seninya, ia membuat pabrik itu tampak dari udara seperti perumahan pedesaan.<ref name=goodeys/>
-->
==Karya terkenal==▼
*Jembatan Exeter (Exeter Bridge, Derby)▼
*Pasar Ikan Derby di Malam hari (Derby Fish Market by Night)▼
*Winston Churchill, 1915▼
*Scene in Market Place during Gun Week, 18 - 23 November 1918▼
*A Glimpse of Derby Market Place on Carnival Day, 1926▼
*Hospital Carnival Day, 1935<ref name=carn/>▼
 
Tahun 1944 Galeri Seni Derby membuat pameran kenangan untuk menghormatinya.<ref name="potter"/> [[Museum dan Galeri Seni Derby|Galeri Seni Derby]] masih menyimpan banyak koleksinya,<ref name=goodeys/> meski bukan untuk tampilan permanen. Ernest Townsend meninggal tahun 1944 yang berarti karyanya belum menjadi milik masyarakat sampai tahun 2014 dan penggunaan lukisannya memerlukan izin [[hak cipta]] dari pemilik. Saat ini terdapat pameran permanen reproduksi lukisan-lukisannya di Wisma ''Standing Order'' di Derby.
==Pameran di Royal Academy==▼
 
▲== Karya terkenal ==
 
▲* Jembatan Exeter (Exeter Bridge, Derby)
▲* Pasar Ikan Derby di Malam hari (Derby Fish Market by Night)
▲* Winston Churchill, 1915
▲* Scene in Market Place during Gun Week, 18 - 23 November 1918
▲* A Glimpse of Derby Market Place on Carnival Day, 1926
▲* Hospital Carnival Day, 1935<ref name=carn/>
 
▲== Pameran di Royal Academy ==
Pameran Ernest Townsend di Royal Academy 1910 - 1937
 
*1910 1910 T C Simmonds Esq
*1913 1913 Arthur Smith Esq
*1915 1915 “And battle, death and destiny roll-on, while loving hearts beat anxiously at home.”
*1916 1916 A Native of Derbyshire & The Studio Doorway
*1917 1917 The Attic Stairs & A Derbyshire Cottage
*1918 1918 Gossip & Summer Morning
*1919 1919 The Balloon Man
*1927 1927 A Balloon Shop
*1932 1932 Hanna
*1933 1933 Schoolboy’s Holiday
*1934 1934 T Harrision Thorpe Esq
*1937 1937 Carnival Day in Derby
 
== Referensi ==▼
 
▲==Referensi==
{{reflist}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Townsend, Ernest}}
[[Kategori:Seniman Inggris]]▼
 
{{Museum Derby}}
 
[[en{{DEFAULTSORT:Ernest Townsend]], Ernest}}
▲[[Kategori:Seniman Inggris]]
[[ru:Таунсенд, Эрнст]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Ernest_Townsend"