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| name = <br />Richard James Cushing
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'''Richard James Cushing''' (24 Agustus 1895 - 2 November 1970) adalah seorang pejabat tinggi (''prelatur'') [[Gereja Katolik Roma]] dari [[Amerika Serikat]]. Ia menjadi [[Uskup Agung]] [[Boston]] dari tahun 1944 hingga 1970, dan diangkat menjadi [[kardinal]] di tahun 1958. ▼
[[csBerkas:Coat of arms of Richard James Cushing.svg|jmpl]]▼
▲'''Richard James Cushing''' (24 Agustus 1895 - 2 November 1970) adalah seorang pejabat tinggi (''prelatur'') [[Gereja Katolik Roma]] dari [[Amerika Serikat]]. Ia menjadi [[Uskup Agung]] [[Boston]] dari tahun 1944 hingga 1970, dan diangkat menjadi [[kardinal]] dipada tahun 1958.
 
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==Episcopal career==
On June 10, 1939, after Bishop [[Francis Spellman]] was named [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Archbishop of New York]], Cushing was appointed [[auxiliary bishop]] of Boston and [[titulartituler bishop]] of ''Mela'' by [[Pope Pius XII]].<ref name=hierarchy/> He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal]] [[consecration]] on the following June 29 from Cardinal O'Connell, with Bishops [[John Bertram Peterson]] and [[Thomas Addis Emmet]], [[Society of Jesus|SJ]], serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]], at the Cathedral of the Holy Cross.<ref name=hierarchy/> He took as his episcopal [[motto]]: ''Ut Cognoscant Te'' ([[Latin]]: "That they may know thee").
 
As an auxiliary bishop, Cushing continued to serve as director of the Society for the Propagation of Faith, and was also named [[pastor]] of [http://www.sacredheart.ws/index.php Sacred Heart Church] in [[Newton Centre, Massachusetts|Newton Centre]].<ref name=dever/> Following the death of Cardinal O'Connell in April 1944, he served as [[apostolic administrator]] of the archdiocese.<ref name=miranda/>
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== Uskup Agung Boston ==
Cushing diangkat sebagai Uskup Agung Boston ketiga pada tanggal 25 September 1944 menyusul wafatnya Kardinal O'Connell. Selama masa jabatannya, Boston menyaksikan [[ekskomunikasi]] Romo [[Leonard Feeney]] atas interpretasinya yang sempit terhadap doktrin Katolik [[Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus|bahwa tidak ada keselamatan jiwa di luar gereja]]. Feeney menolak untuk mengubah posisisnya, tetapi terdengar bahwa ia akhirnya berekonsiliasi dengan gereja sebelum wafatnya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,908875,00.html |title=''Time'' magazine: "Feeney Forgiven" |access-date=2011-06-20 |archive-date=2011-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129235837/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,908875,00.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Setelah wafatnya [[Paus Pius XII]], Cushing merilis sebuah film sebagai penghargaan kepada sang Paus.<ref>Pope Pius XII by Richard Cushing, St. Paul Editions, Boston, 1959</ref> Pada tahun 1959, Cushing menerbitkan sabuah biografi dari almarhum [[Paus Pius XII]] (1939-1958), yang menggambarkan Sri Paus sebagai "Sri Paus Perdamaian".
 
Karya-karyanya memberikan sumbangsih sehingga [[Gereja Katolik Roma]] bisa lebih diterima di dalam masyarakat Amerika pada saat Senator [[John F. Kennedy]] melakukan kampanye untuk menjadi Presiden Amerika Serikat dan menempati [[Gedung Putih]]. Sebagian karya kerjanya ini termasuk mencoba merangkul kaum non-Katolik di Boston setelah gaya kepemimpinan Gereja Katolik yang ketat dan kaku dari era Kardinal O'Connell sebelumnya terhadap topik-topik keseharian mengenai agama, sosial dan politik di [[Boston]] dan [[Massachusetts]]".<ref>Boston Globe [http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse/stories5/121403_mulvoy.htm "'What Will Lake Street Think?' No Longer"] December 14, 2003</ref>
===Archbishop of Boston===
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Cushing was named the third [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Archbishop of Boston]] on September 25, 1944, following Cardinal O'Connell's death. During his tenure, Boston would see the [[excommunication]] of Fr. [[Leonard Feeney]] for his stringent interpretation of the Catholic doctrine that [[Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus|there is no salvation outside the Church]]. Feeney refused to back down from his position, although it has been reported that he was ultimately reconciled with the church before his death.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,908875,00.html ''Time'' magazine: "Feeney Forgiven"]</ref> After the death of Pius XII, Cushing published a moving tribute to him.<ref>Pope Pius XII by Richard Cushing, St. Paul Editions, Boston, 1959</ref> In 1959, Cushing published a biography of the late [[Pope Pius XII]] (1939–1958), depicting the late pope as "Pope of Peace".
 
His work contributed to making the [[Roman Catholic Church]] acceptable to the general American population at the time of then-Senator [[John F. Kennedy]]'s run for the [[White House]]. Part of this work included reaching out to the non-Catholics of Boston after "the muscular style of involved Catholicism that Cardinal O'Connell brought to bear on issues of his day religious, social, and political in Boston and Massachusetts".<ref>Boston Globe [http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse/stories5/121403_mulvoy.htm "'What Will Lake Street Think?' No Longer"] December 14, 2003</ref>
 
Cushing was created [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal Priest]] of ''[[Santa Susanna|S. Susanna]]'' by [[Pope John XXIII]] in the [[consistory]] of December 15, 1958.
He was also one of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 1963|cardinal electors]] in the [[Papal conclave, 1963|1963 papal conclave]], which selected [[Pope Paul VI]].
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===Second Vatican Council===
At the [[Second Vatican Council]] (1962–1965) Cushing played a vital role in drafting ''[[Nostra Aetate]]'', the document that officially absolved the Jews of [[deicide charge]]. His emotional comments during debates over the drafts were echoed in the final version:
 
: ''1. We must cast the Declaration on the Jews in a much more positive form, one not so timid, but much more loving ... For the sake of our common heritage we, the children of Abraham according to the spirit, must foster a special reverence and love for the children of Abraham according to the flesh. As children of Adam, they are our kin, as children of Abraham they are Christ's blood relatives. 2. So far as the guilt of Jews in the death of our Saviour is concerned, the rejection of the Messiah by His own, is according to Scripture, a mystery&mdash;amystery—a mystery given us for our instruction, not for our self-exaltation ... We cannot sit in judgement on the onetime leaders of Israel&mdash;GodIsrael—God alone is their judge. Much less can we burden later generations of Jews with any burden of guilt for the crucifixion of the Lord Jesus, for the death of the Saviour of the world, except that universal guilt in which we all have a part ... In clear and unmistakable language, we must deny, therefore, that the Jews are guilty of our Saviour's death. We must condemn especially those who seek to justify, as Christian deeds, discrimination, hatred and even persecution of Jews ... 3. I ask myself, Venerable Brothers, whether we should not humbly acknowledge before the whole world that, toward their Jewish brethren, Christians have all too often not shown themselves as true Christians, as faithful followers of Christ. How many [Jews] have suffered in our own time? How many died because Christians were indifferent and kept silent? ... If in recent years, not many Christian voices were raised against those injustices, at least let ours now be heard in humility.'' <ref>Oesterreicher, pp. 197-98</ref>
 
He was deeply committed to implementing the Council's reforms and promoting [[Aggiornamento|renewal in the Church]].<ref>TIME Magazine. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,876036-3,00.html The Unlikely Cardinal] August 21, 1964</ref> In an unprecedented gesture of [[Catholic Church and ecumenism|ecumenism]], he even encouraged Catholics to attend [[Billy Graham]]'s crusades.<ref name="Big Man in a Long Red Robe">Time magazine. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,904482-2,00.html Big Man in a Long Red Robe] November 16, 1970</ref> Cushing
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==Miscellaneous==
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*He was a member of the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People|NAACP]].
*Cushing founded the [[Missionary]] Society of St. James the Apostle in 1958 to "serve the needs of the poorest of the poor in [[South America]]".<ref>The Missionary Society of St. James the Apostle. [http://www.socstjames.com/home.htm Homepage]</ref>
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*[[St. John's Seminary (Massachusetts)]] has their third theology classroom named after the Cardinal: '''The Richard Cardinal Cushing Classroom'''.
*The main student center of [[Saint Anselm College]] in [[Goffstown, New Hampshire]] is named the Cardinal. The Cushing houses, among many other significant groups and offices, the Meelia Center for Community Service, a service outreach organization in the greater [[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester]] area.
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==References Referensi ==
<references/>
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==Episcopal succession==
{{Episcopal Succession |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME =Cushing, Richard
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =August 24, 1895
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Boston, Massachusetts]]
| DATE OF DEATH =November 2, 1970
| PLACE OF DEATH =[[Boston, Massachusetts]]
}}
-->
 
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