Druze: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k r2.7.1) (bot Mengubah: tr:Dürzîlik |
k Etnik |
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| (36 revisi perantara oleh 20 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
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{{Infobox religious group|group=Druze <br /> Al-Muwaḥḥidūn <br /> {{lang|ar|موحدّون دروز}}|image=[[File:Druze star.svg|120px]] <br /><br /> [[File:Flag of Druze.svg|120px]]|caption=[[Bintang Druze|Bintang]] dan [[bendera Druze]]|population=≈800.000<ref>{{cite book|author1=Carl Skutsch|editor1-last=Skutsch|editor1-first=Carl|title=Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities|date=7 November 2013|publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-135-19388-1|page=410|quote=Total Population: 800,000}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Robert Brenton Betts|title=The Druze|date=1 January 1990|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-04810-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/druze0000bett/page/55 55]|edition=illustrated, reprint, revised|quote=The total population of Druze throughout the world probably approaches one million.|url=https://archive.org/details/druze0000bett/page/55}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Donna Marsh|title=Doing Business in the Middle East: A cultural and practical guide for all Business Professionals|date=11 May 2015|publisher=Hachette UK|isbn=978-1-4721-3567-4|edition=revised|quote=It is believed there are no more than 1 million Druze worldwide; most live in the Levant.}}</ref>–2.000.000<ref>{{cite book|author1=Samy Swayd|title=Historical Dictionary of the Druzes|date=10 March 2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-4617-1|page=3|edition=2|quote=The Druze world population at present is perhaps nearing two million; ...}}</ref>|region1={{flagcountry|Syria}}|pop1=600.000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gulf2000.columbia.edu/images/maps/Syria_Religion_Detailed_lg.png |title=Syria region map |website=gulf2000.columbia.edu |format=PNG}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-33166043|title=Syria's Druze under threat as conflict spreads|first=Faisal|last=Irshaid|date=19 June 2015|newspaper=BBC News}}</ref>|region2={{flagcountry|Lebanon}}|pop2=250.000<ref name=freedom>[https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108487.htm Lebanon – International Religious Freedom Report 2008] U.S. Department of State. Retrieved on 2013-06-13.</ref>|region3={{flagcountry|Israel}} dan [[Dataran Tinggi Golan]] yang [[Wilayah pendudukan Israel|diduduki Israel]]|pop3=143.000<ref name="CBS13">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/mediarelease/DocLib/2019/122/11_19_122b.pdf|title=The Druze population in Israel – a collection of data on the occasion of the Prophet Shuaib holiday|date=2019-04-17|work=CBS – Israel|publisher=[[Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]]|access-date=2019-05-08}}</ref>|region4={{flagcountry|Venezuela}}|pop4=60.000<ref name="Aamama">{{cite web|title=Tariq Alaiseme [reportedly to be] vice-president of Venezuela |url=http://www.al-amama.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1110| date = 2013 | publisher=Aamama|language=ar}}: Referring governor [[Tareck El Aissami]].</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.juf.org/news/jerusalem.aspx?id=451177| title = Sending relief--and a message of inclusion and love—to our Druze sisters and brothers}}</ref>|region5={{flagcountry|United States}}|pop5=50.000<ref>{{Citation |title=Druze Traditions|publisher=Institute of Druze Studies |url=http://www.druzestudies.org/Druzes.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114032929/http://www.druzestudies.org/Druzes.html |archive-date=14 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.juf.org/news/jerusalem.aspx?id=451177| title = Sending relief--and a message of inclusion and love—to our Druze sisters and brothers}}</ref>|region6={{flagcountry|Canada}}|pop6=25.000<ref>{{cite web|title=Dating Druze: The struggle to find love in a dwindling diaspora|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/druze-dating-diaspora-toronto-exclusion-1.4904888|website=www.cbc.ca|access-date=1 May 2019}}</ref>|region7={{flagcountry|Jordan}}|pop7=20.000<ref name="auto">{{Citation |publisher=[[US State Department]] |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51602.htm |title=International Religious Freedom Report |year=2005}}</ref>|region8={{flagcountry|Australia}}|pop8=20.000<ref>{{cite web|title=Druze Population of Australia by Place of Usual Residence (2006)|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/CDataOnline|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref>|region9={{flagcountry|Germany}}|pop9=10.000<ref>{{cite web|title=Drusentum - Die geheime Religion (2020)|url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/drusentum-die-geheime-religion.886.de.html?dram:article_id=480342|publisher=[[Deutschlandfunk]] |access-date=5 January 2021}}</ref>|rels=Kepercayaan Druze|scrips=[[Rasa'il al-Hikmah]]|founder=[[Hamzah bin Ali bin Ahmad]]<ref name="The World's Greatest Religious Lead">{{cite book |editor1-last=Hendrix |editor1-first=Scott |editor2-last=Okeja |editor2-first=Uchenna |title=The World's Greatest Religious Leaders: How Religious Figures Helped Shape World History [2 volumes] |date=2018 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1440841385 |page=11}}</ref>|langs={{plainlist|
* [[bahasa Arab|Arab]] (utama)
* [[bahasa Ibrani|Ibrani]] (sebagai [[bahasa kedua]] di [[Israel]])<ref name="norman">{{cite book|title=Nations, Language and Citizenship|last=Berdichevsky|first=Norman |publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-2700-0|date=2004-02-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Sacred Places, 2nd Edition [2 volumes]|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofsa0001broc| first=Norbert |last=Brockman|year= 2011| isbn=9781598846546| page =[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofsa0001broc/page/259 259]|publisher=ABC-CLIO|quote=}}</ref>
* [[bahasa Spanyol|Spanyol]] (di [[Venezuela]] dan [[Kolombia]])
* [[bahasa Inggris|Inggris]] (di [[Amerika Serikat]], [[Kanada]], dan [[Australia]]) }}}}
'''Druze''' atau '''Arab Druze''' ({{IPAc-en|'|d|r|uː|z}};<ref>{{cite web|date=2013-07-18|title=Definition of druze|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/druze|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=2019-08-26}}</ref> {{lang-ar|دَرْزِيٌّ}}, ''{{transl|ar|darzī}}'' atau {{Lang-ar|دُرْزِيٌّ}} ''{{transl|ar|durzī}}'', jamak {{lang|ar|دُرُوزٌ|rtl=yes}}, ''{{transl|ar|durūz}}'') adalah [[kelompok etnoreligius]] [[Esoterisme Barat|esoterik]] berbahasa Arab<ref name="dawn">{{cite book|last=Chatty|first=Dawn|date=2010-03-15|title=Displacement and Dispossession in the Modern Middle East|url=https://archive.org/details/displacementdisp0000chat|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-81792-9}}</ref><ref name="Harrison1">{{cite book|author=Simon Harrison|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B9-LF_Of_E8C&pg=PA121|title=Fracturing Resemblances: Identity and Mimetic Conflict in Melanesia and the West|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-57181-680-1|pages=121–}}</ref> dari [[Asia Barat]] yang menganut agama Druze, sebuah [[agama Abrahamik]], [[Monoteisme|monoteistik]], [[Sinkretisme|sinkretis]], dan [[Agama etnis|etnis]] berdasarkan ajaran [[Hamzah bin Ali bin Ahmad]] dan [[Filsafat Yunani Kuno|filsuf Yunani Kuno]] seperti [[Plato]], [[Aristoteles]], [[Pythagoras]], dan [[Zenon dari Kition]].<ref name="BritishLibrary">{{cite web|last=Abulafia|first=Anna Sapir|author-link=Anna Abulafia|date=23 September 2019|title=The Abrahamic religions|url=https://www.bl.uk/sacred-texts/articles/the-abrahamic-religions|website=www.bl.uk|publisher=[[British Library]]|location=[[London]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712150432/https://www.bl.uk/sacred-texts/articles/the-abrahamic-religions|archive-date=12 July 2020|access-date=9 March 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TheDruze">{{cite book|last=Obeid|first=Anis|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FejqBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT1|title=The Druze & Their Faith in Tawhid|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0-8156-5257-1|page=1}}</ref><ref name="Entrepreneurship and Religion">{{cite book|author1=Léo-Paul Dana|date=1 January 2010|title=Entrepreneurship and Religion|publisher=[[Edward Elgar Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-84980-632-9|page=314}}<!--|access-date=6 January 2015--></ref><ref name="Adams Media">{{cite book|author1=Terri Morrison|author2=Wayne A. Conaway|date=24 July 2006|url=https://archive.org/details/kissboworshakeha00morr_568|title=Kiss, Bow, Or Shake Hands: The Bestselling Guide to Doing Business in More Than 60 Countries|publisher=[[Adams Media]]|isbn=978-1-59337-368-9|edition=illustrated|page=[https://archive.org/details/kissboworshakeha00morr_568/page/n274 259]|url-access=limited}}<!--|access-date=6 January 2015--></ref> Penganutnya menyebut dirinya sebagai "Monoteis" atau "Unitarian" (''al-Muwaḥḥidūn'').<ref name="wendy">{{cite book|last=Doniger|first=Wendy|year=1999|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440|title=Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions|publisher=Merriam-Webster, Inc.|isbn=978-0-87779-044-0|url-access=registration}}</ref>
Kitab sucinya adalah ''[[Rasail al-Hikmah]]'', menjadi sumber hukum dasar agama Druze.<ref name="Izzeddin1993">{{cite book|author=Nejla M. Abu Izzeddin|year=1993|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BprjrZzee5EC&pg=PA108|title=The Druzes: A New Study of their History, Faith, and Society|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-09705-6|page=108}}</ref> Druze berasal dari gabungan agama [[Ismailiyah|Syiah Ismailiyah]],<ref name="farhad">{{cite book|last=Daftary|first=Farhad|date=2013-12-02|title=A History of Shi'i Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofshiiisl0000daft|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-0-85773-524-9}}</ref> [[Kekristenan]],<ref name="auto3">{{cite book|last=Quilliam|first=Neil|year=1999|title=Syria and the New World Order|url=https://archive.org/details/syrianewworldord0000quil|publisher=Michigan University press|isbn=9780863722493|page=[https://archive.org/details/syrianewworldord0000quil/page/42 42]}}</ref><ref name="auto8">{{cite book|year=1992|url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia28ency|title=The New Encyclopaedia Britannica|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|isbn=9780852295533|page=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia28ency/page/237 237]|quote=Druze religious beliefs developed out of Isma'ill teachings. Various Jewish, Christian, Gnostic, Neoplatonic, and Iranian elements, however, are combined under a doctrine of strict monotheism.|url-access=registration}}</ref> [[Gnostisisme]], [[Neoplatonisme]],<ref name="auto3" /><ref name="auto8" /> [[Zoroastrianisme]],<ref name="Hitti1928">{{cite book|author=Philip Khuri Hitti|year=1928|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pYgvLf2GE8YC&pg=PT27|title=The Origins of the Druze People and Religion: With Extracts from Their Sacred Writings|publisher=Library of Alexandria|isbn=978-1-4655-4662-3|pages=27–}}</ref><ref name="Sālibī2005">{{cite book|author=Kamāl Sālibī|year=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F4YWAQAAMAAJ|title=The Druze: realities & perceptions|publisher=Druze Heritage Foundation|isbn=978-1-904850-06-9|pages=186 190}}</ref> [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]],<ref name="Conder2018">{{cite book|author=Claude Reignier Conder|date=20 September 2018|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BStwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA80|title=Palestine|publisher=BoD – Books on Demand|isbn=978-3-7340-3986-7|pages=80–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|year=1989|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rG1tAAAAMAAJ|title=Al-Rāfidān|publisher=Kokushikan Daigaku, Iraku Kodai Bunka Kenkyūjo|pages=2–}}</ref> [[Agama Hindu|Hindu]], [[Pythagoreanisme]],<ref name="Rosenthal 2003 296">{{cite book|last=Rosenthal|first=Donna|year=2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b-w6GfokajcC&pg=PA296|title=The Israelis: Ordinary People in an Extraordinary Land|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-684-86972-8|page=296}}</ref><ref name="kamlesh">{{cite book|last=Kapur|first=Kamlesh|year=2010|title=History of Ancient India|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-81-207-4910-8}}</ref> dan filsafat dan keyakinan lainnya, sehingga menciptakan teologi yang berbeda dan rahasia berdasarkan interpretasi esoterik kitab suci, yang menekankan peran pikiran dan kebenaran.<ref name="wendy" /><ref name="kamlesh" /> Penganut Druze meyakini [[teofani]] dan [[reinkarnasi]].{{Sfn|Nisan|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=keD9z1XWuNwC&pg=PA98 95]}} Druze meyakini bahwa pada akhir siklus kelahiran kembali, yang dicapai melalui reinkarnasi, jiwa akan bersatu dengan pemikiran kosmis (''{{lang|ae-Latn|al-ʻaql al-kullī}}'').<ref name="Druze">{{cite web|date=2015|title=Druze|url=http://www.druze.org.au/religion/|publisher=druze.org.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214100847/http://www.druze.org.au/religion/|archive-date=14 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Penganut Druze memiliki pujian istimewa kepada nabi dalam Al-Qur'an, [[Syuaib]], yang mereka yakini sebagai orang yang sama dengan [[Yitro]] dalam Alkitab.<ref>{{cite book|year=2013|title=A Political and Economic Dictionary of the Middle East|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135355616|quote=}}</ref> Druze meyakini bahwa [[Adam]], [[Nuh]], [[Abraham]], [[Musa]], [[Yesus]], [[Muhammad]], dan [[Ismail bin Ja'far]] merupakan nabi.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Finegan|first=Jack|date=1981|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tqxtAAAAMAAJ&q=%22seven+prophets%22|title=Discovering Israel: An Archeological Guide to the Holy Land|publisher=Eerdmans|isbn=978-0-8028-1869-0|language=en}}</ref> Tradisi Druze juga menghormati [[Salman al-Farisi]],<ref>{{cite book|last=D Nisan|first=Mordechai|year=2015|title=Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Struggle and Self-Expression, 2d ed.|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9780786451333|page=94|quote=}}</ref> [[Khidr]] (yang mereka yakini sebagai [[Elia]], lahir kembali sebagai [[Yohanes Pembaptis]] dan [[Saint George|Santo Georgius]]),<ref name="auto12">{{cite book|last=Swayd|first=Samy|year=2015|title=Historical Dictionary of the Druzes|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1442246171|page=77}}</ref> [[Ayub]], [[Lukas sang Penginjil]], dan lain-lainnya sebagai "pengajar" dan "nabi".<ref>{{cite book|last=S. Swayd|first=Samy|year=2009|title=The A to Z of the Druzes|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9780810868366|page=109|quote=They also cover the lives and teachings of some biblical personages, such as Job, Jethro, Jesus, John, Luke, and others}}</ref>
Druze melarang orang asing masuk agamanya. Pernikahan beda agama sangat jarang dan sangat dipertanyakan. Kebanyakan praktik ibadahnya juga rahasia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Druze {{!}} History, Religion, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Druze|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|access-date=2022-11-13}}</ref>
[[Berkas:Channel_2_-_Druze.webm|jmpl|Video clips from the archive of [[Channel 2 (Israeli TV channel)|Israel Channel 2]] [[Israeli News Company]] showing [[Druze in Israel|Israeli Druze men]] in traditional clothing. The flags shown are Druze flags.]]
Penganut Druze bukanlah seorang [[Muslim]], meski berkembang dari agama Syiah Ismailiyah.<ref name="De McLaurin 1979 114" /><ref>{{cite web|date=|title=Druze in Syria|url=https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/faq/druze-syria|publisher=Harvard University|quote=The Druze are an ethnoreligious group concentrated in Syria, Lebanon, and Israel with around one million adherents worldwide. The Druze follow a millenarian offshoot of Isma’ili Shi'ism. Followers emphasize Abrahamic monotheism but consider the religion as separate from Islam.}}</ref> Keyakinan Druze menjadi salah satu kelompok religius terbesar di [[Syam]], dengan populasi antara 800.000 hingga 1 juta pengikut. Banyak dijumpai di [[Lebanon]], [[Suriah]], dan [[Israel]], dengan komunitas kecil di [[Yordania]]. Mereka mencakup 5,5% populasi Lebanon, 3% populasi Suriah, dan 1,6% populasi Israel. Populasi Druze terbanyak sekaligus tertua ada di [[Gunung Lebanon]] dan di selatan Suriah di sekitar [[Jabal al-Druze|Jabal ad-Duruz]] ("Gunung Druze").<ref>{{cite thesis|author=Radwan, Chad K.|date=June 2009|title=Assessing Druze identity and strategies for preserving Druze heritage in North America|url=http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3158&context=etd|type=MA thesis|publisher=University of South Florida}}</ref>
Masyarakat agama Druze memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam membentuk sejarah Syam, karena turut memainkan peran politik yang signifikan.<ref>{{cite book|last=Zabad|first=Ibrahim|year=2017|title=Middle Eastern Minorities: The Impact of the Arab Spring|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781317096733|page=125|quote=Although the Druze are a tiny community, they have played a vital role in the politics of the Levant}}</ref> Sebagai minoritas, mereka sering mengalami [[persekusi]] oleh berbagai rezim Muslim, termasuk [[ekstremisme Islam]] kontemporer..<ref>{{cite book|last=J. Stewart|first=Dona|year=2008|title=The Middle East Today: Political, Geographical and Cultural Perspectives|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135980795|page=33}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Al-Khalidi|first=Suleiman|date=11 June 2015|title=Calls for aid to Syria's Druze after al Qaeda kills 20|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-druze-idUSKBN0OR0NV20150611|work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Syria: ISIS Imposes 'Sharia' on Idlib's Druze|url=http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/18002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520142702/http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/18002|archive-date=20 May 2015|access-date=12 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Lokasi ==
Kaum Druze kebanyakan tinggal di [[Lebanon]], meskipun ada pula komunitas yang kecil di [[Israel]], [[Suriah]], dan [[Yordania]].
Komunitas-komunitas besar yang terdiri dari kaum ekspatriat terdapat di [[Amerika Serikat]], [[Kanada]], [[Amerika Latin]], [[Afrika Barat]], [[Australia]] dan [[Eropa]]. Mereka menggunakan [[bahasa Arab]] dan mengikuti pola sosial yang sangat mirip dengan orang-orang [[bangsa Arab|Arab]] lainnya dari wilayah itu. Kebanyakan Druze menganggap diri mereka Arab.<ref>Walid Jumlat, head of Lebanese Progressive Party. [
Diperkirakan ada sekitar 2,3 juta Druze di seluruh dunia, dan kebanyakan daripadanya berada di [[Levant]] atau Mediterania Timur.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3612002.stm]</ref> Namun, sejumlah orang memperkirakan keseluruhan populasi Druze hanyalah sekitar 450.000 orang saja.<ref>
== Sejarah kaum Druze ==
[[Berkas:Constantinople(1878)-Druse_woman.png|
Agama ini berkembang dari [[
Ada dua pelaku utama pada tahun-tahun permulaannya: Penguasa Fātimiyah yang saleh ''Tariqu l-Ḥakīm'' (985–1021)--juga dikenal sebagai [[Al-hakim]] atau ''[[al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah|al-Ḥakīm bi-ˤAmru l-Lāh]]'' ("Pemimpin di dalam Nama Allah")--adalah seorang kalifah Ismaili dari Mesir yang dipercayai oleh sebagian orang sebagai benar-benar penjelmaan Allah. Imigran Persia [[Hamza ibn-'Ali ibn-Ahmad|Hamza ibn ˤAlī ibn Aḥmad]] adalah arsitek utama gerakan ini. [[Imam Syiah|Imām]] Ḥamza inilah yang pertama-tama secara terbuka mengumumkan bahwa Ḥakīm lebih daripada seorang manusia biasa.
<!--The early Druze community faced a strong challenge when Muḥammad ad-Darazī declared Ḥakīm's divinity and claimed to be his chief messenger. It is said that Ḥakīm was angered by this and had Darazī executed. Meanwhile, Hamza and his moderate followers, who had rejected that Ḥakīm was the incarnation of God, received his favour and were protected until he disappeared one night in [[1021]]. The Druze believe that Ḥakīm went into occultation and will return in the [[Eschatology|end of days]] as the [[Al-Qa'im (person)|Qā'im]] "Ariser" or [[Mahdi]] "Guided One".
Baris 97 ⟶ 111:
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.lebdruze.com/ Komunitas Druze Lebanon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220170756/http://lebdruze.com/ |date=2009-02-20 }}
* [http://www.druze.com/ Perhimpunan Druze Amerika - Nasional]
* [http://www.druze.org/ Perhimpunan Druze Amerika - Michigan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403220418/http://www.druze.org/ |date=2008-04-03 }}
* [http://www.druze.org.au/ Komunitas Druze Australia]
* [http://sa.druze.org.au/ Komunitas Druze Australia Selatan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912033037/http://sa.druze.org.au/ |date=2009-09-12 }}
* [http://www.druzestudies.org/ Lembaga Studi Druze]
* [http://www.druze.org.il/ Online Druz Israel - bahasa Ibrani] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208073206/http://www.druze.org.il/ |date=2007-12-08 }}
* [http://www.europeandruzesociety.com/ Perhimpunan Druze Eropa]
* [http://www.druzenet.org/ Druzenet: Penerbitan bahasa Inggris]
* [http://www.druze.net/ Perhimpunan Druze Kanada]
* [http://www.mmouka.com www.mmouka.com]
* [http://www.druzehistoryandculture.com/ Artikel tentang Druze] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403021757/http://www.druzehistoryandculture.com/ |date=2008-04-03 }}
* [http://59.1911encyclopedia.org/D/DR/DRUSES.htm Ensiklopedi Britannica 1911]
* [http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/L/Joshua.M.Landis-1/Joshua_Landis_Druze_and_Shishakli.htm Bangkit dan runtuhnya Druze Suriah]
* [http://www.druzecafe.com/ Bertemu Druze dari seluruh dunia]
* [http://www.religioustolerance.org/druse.htm Druse, Druze, Mowahhidoon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316205855/http://www.religioustolerance.org/druse.htm |date=2021-03-16 }} digambarkan dalam situs OCRT
==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategori:Mazhab]]▼
[[Kategori:Agama Abrahamik]]
[[Kategori:Druze]]▼
[[Kategori:Kelompok etnis di Israel]]▼
[[Kategori:Sekte Islam]]▼
[[Kategori:Agama di Lebanon]]
[[Kategori:Agama misteri]]▼
[[Kategori:Perhimpunan Suriah]]
[[Kategori:Kelompok etnoreligius]]
[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Suriah]]
[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Lebanon]]
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[[Kategori:Filsafat Pythagoras]]
[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Timur Tengah]]
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