Odisha: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{Infobox State IN
| state_name =
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Konarka Temple.jpg
| photo1b = Puri Beach (8748085016).jpg
| photo2a = Khandadhar Waterfall.jpg
| photo2b = Mukteswar.JPG
| photo3a = Hirakud dam.jpg
| photo3b = Sunrise at Bhitarakanika.jpg
| photo4a = 1 Mahanadi River near Satkosia Tiger Reserve Tikarpara India 2012.jpg
| photo4b = BuddhaStupaDhauliGiri.jpg
| photo5a = Rajarani Temple 2.jpg
| photo5b = Chilika lake puri.jpg
| photo6a = Shri Jagannatha Temple.jpg
| photo6b = Birsa_Munda_International_Hockey_Stadium.jpg
| position = centre of india
| spacing = 0
| color_border = black
| color = black
| size = 250
}}
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = ''Searah jarum jam dari kanan atas:'' [[Pantai Puri]], [[Kuil Mukteshvara]], [[Taman Nasional Bhitarkanika]], [[Dhauli]], [[Danau Chilika]], [[Kuil Jagannath, Puri|Kuil Jagannath]], [[Kuil Rajarani]], [[Sungai Mahanadi|Mahanadi]], [[Bendungan Hirakud]], [[Air terjun Khandadhar]], [[Kuil Matahari Konark]]
| type = Negara Bagian
| image_seal = Seal of Odisha.svg
| etymology = Tanah atau Negeri [[Orang Oriya|Bangsa Odia]]
| nickname = Jiwanya India
| motto = [[Satyameva Jayate]] (Hanya kebenaran yang menang)
| anthem = [[Bande Utkala Janani]]<br/>(Kupuja Engkau, Oh Ibu Utkala)
| image_map = IN-OD.svg
| coordinates = {{coord|20.27|85.82|region:IN-OR_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| region = India Timur
| before_was = [[Provinsi Orissa]]
| formation_date4 = {{start date and age|1936|4|1}}<br>[[Hari Odisha]]
| capital = [[Bhubaneswar]]
| largest_city = Bhubaneswar
| districts = [[Daftar distrik Odisha|30 (3 divisi)]]
| Governor = Ganeshi Lal
| Chief_Minister = [[Naveen Patnaik]]
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| legislature_type = Unikameral (satu kamar)
| assembly = [[Dewan Legislatif Odisha]]
| assembly_seats = 147 kursi
| rajya_sabha_seats = 10 kursi
| lok_sabha_seats = 21 kursi
| judiciary = [[Pengadilan Tinggi Orissa]]
| area = 155.707
| area_rank = 8
| length_km = 1030
| width_km = 500
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="Socio-economic Profile of Rural India (series II).: Eastern India (Orissa, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh) 2011 hlm. 73">{{cite book | title=Socio-economic Profile of Rural India (series II).: Eastern India (Orissa, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh) | publisher=Centre for Rural Studies, L.B.S. National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie | series=Socio-economic Profile of Rural India | year=2011 | isbn=978-81-8069-723-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fi_rz0_1ELUC&pg=PA73 | access-date=16 Agustus 2019 | page=73}}</ref>
| elevation_m = 900
| elevation_max_m = 1.672
| elevation_max_point = [[Gunung Deomali]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deomali Peak in Koraput India |url=https://www.india9.com/i9show/Deomali-Peak-57564.htm |access-date=24 Maret 2023 |website=www.india9.com |archive-date=24 Maret 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324211121/https://www.india9.com/i9show/Deomali-Peak-57564.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
| elevation_min_m = -1
| elevation_min_point = [[Teluk Benggala]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="CensusIndia2011PCA12018"/>
| population = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 41.974.218
| population_year = 2011
| population_rank = 11
| population_density = 269
| population_urban = 16,69%
| population_rural = 83,31%
| population_demonym = [[Orang Oriya|Bangsa Odia]]
| official_languages = [[Bahasa Oriya|Bahasa Odia]]<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 47th report (July 2008 to June 2010) |pages=122–126 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |access-date=16 Februari 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513161847/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |archive-date=13 Mei 2012 }}</ref>
| official_script = [[Aksara Oriya|Aksara Odia]]
| GDP_footnotes = <ref name="MOSPI">{{cite web|url=https://www.prsindia.org/parliamenttrack/budgets/odisha-budget-analysis-2020-21|title=Odisha Budget analysis|date=18 Februari 2020|website=PRS India|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029164451/https://www.prsindia.org/parliamenttrack/budgets/odisha-budget-analysis-2020-21|url-status=live}}</ref>
| GDP_total = {{Increase}}{{INRConvert|5.86|t|lk=r}}
| GDP_year = 2021–22
| GDP_rank = 15
| GDP_per_capita = {{Decrease}}{{INRConvert|127383|lk=r}}
| GDP_per_capita_rank = 24
| HDI = {{Increase}}0.606 {{color|#fc0|Medium}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0|title=Sub-national HDI – Subnational HDI – Global Data Lab|website=globaldatalab.org|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015724/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0|url-status=live}}</ref>
| HDI_year = 2018
| HDI_rank = 32
| literacy = {{Increase}} 75,15%<ref name=CensusLiteracy>{{cite web |title=State of Literacy |website=[[Census of India]] |page=110 |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf |access-date=5 Agustus 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706191931/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf |archive-date=6 Juli 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| literacy_year = 2023
| literacy_rank = 25
| sex_ratio = 1063[[female|♀]]/1000 [[male|♂]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sex ratio of State and Union Territories of India as per National Health survey (2019–2021)|url=https://main.mohfw.gov.in/basicpage-14|website=Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India|access-date=8 Januari 2023|archive-date=8 Januari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108164803/https://main.mohfw.gov.in/basicpage-14|url-status=live}}</ref>
| sexratio_year = 2023
| sexratio_rank = 18
| iso_code = IN-OR
| registration_plate = OR
| website = odisha.gov.in
| foundation_day = ''Utkala Dibasa'' (Hari Odisha)
| mammal = [[Rusa sambar]]<ref name="Orissareview"/>
| bird = [[Coracias benghalensis]]<ref name="The Times of India 2017">{{cite web | title=Palapitta: How a mindless dasara ritual is killing our state bird palapitta – Hyderabad News | website=The Times of India | date=29 September 2017 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/how-a-mindless-dasara-ritual-is-killing-our-state-bird-palapitta/articleshow/60872593.cms | access-date=7 Oktober 2019 | archive-date=2 November 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102011836/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/how-a-mindless-dasara-ritual-is-killing-our-state-bird-palapitta/articleshow/60872593.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{citation | url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/apr2005/englishpdf/bluelay.pdf | title=Blue Jay | publisher=Orissa Review | date=2005 | access-date=7 Oktober 2019 | archive-date=7 Oktober 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007123050/http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/apr2005/englishpdf/bluelay.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>
| fish = [[Ikan mahseer]]<ref>{{cite web|title=State Fishes of India|url=http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20%26%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf|publisher=National Fisheries Development Board, Government of India|access-date=25 Desember 2020|archive-date=10 Oktober 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010035036/http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20%26%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| flower = [[Pohon asoka|Asoka]]<ref name="Orissareview"/>
| tree = [[Ara suci]]<ref name="Orissareview">{{citation |url= http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/apr2005/englishpdf/bluelay.pdf |title= Blue Jay |publisher= Orissa Review |page= 87 |date= 2005 |access-date= 7 Oktober 2019 |archive-date= 7 Oktober 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191007123050/http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/apr2005/englishpdf/bluelay.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{citation | url=http://rprcbbsr.in/View/Downloads/Ficusreligiosa18_11_2014.pdf | title=Pipal(Ficus religiosa) – The State Tree of Odisha | publisher=RPRC | date=2014 | access-date=29 November 2020 | archive-date=9 Desember 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209124534/http://rprcbbsr.in/View/Downloads/Ficusreligiosa18_11_2014.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>
| image_highway = SH IN-OR.png
| SH_numbers = OR SH1 – OR SH57
}}
'''Odisha''' ({{IPA-or|oɽiˈsa|lang|Or-ଓଡ଼ିଶା.oga}}), sebelumnya bernama '''Orissa''', adalah salah satu [[Pembagian administratif India|negara bagian]] di India, yang terletak di India bagian timur. Odisha merupakan negara bagian dengan luas wilayah terbesar kedelapan dan kesebelas berdasarkan populasi. Di antara negara-negara bagian yang lain, Odisha memiliki populasi [[Dalit]] (''Scheduled Castes'') dan [[Adivasi]] (''Scheduled Tribes'') terbesar ketiga.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stscodisha.gov.in/Aboutus.asp?GL=abt&PL=1|title=ST & SC Development, Minorities & Backward Classes Welfare Department:: Government of Odisha|website=stscodisha.gov.in|access-date=10 Desember 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901131912/http://www.stscodisha.gov.in/Aboutus.asp?GL=abt&PL=1|archive-date=1 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Odisha berbatasan dengan Negara Bagian [[Jharkhand]] dan [[Benggala Barat]] di sebelah utara, [[Chhattisgarh]] di barat, dan [[Andhra Pradesh]] di selatan. Negara bagian ini memiliki garis pantai yang panjang ({{convert|485|km}}) di tepian [[Teluk Benggala]], [[Samudra Hindia]].<ref name="CoastalSecurity">{{cite web |title=Coastal security |publisher=[[Odisha Police]] |url=http://odishapolice.gov.in/?q=node/163 |access-date=1 Februari 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206043803/http://odishapolice.gov.in/?q=node%2F163 |archive-date=6 February 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Wilayah ini dikenal pula dengan nama '''Utkala''', yang merupakan salah satu di antara daerah-daerah yang disebut dalam lagu kebangsaan India, "[[Jana Gana Mana]]".<ref name="NationalAnthem">{{cite web|title=The National Anthem of India|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urduhindilinks/txt_janaganamana.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124230152/http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urduhindilinks/txt_janaganamana.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=24 Januari 2012|publisher=[[Columbia University]]|access-date=1 Februari 2015}}</ref>
Penduduk Odisha didominasi oleh etnis atau bangsa [[Orang Oriya|Odia]] yang berbicara da;am bahasa ibu, [[Bahasa Oriya|bahasa Odia]], salah satu [[Bahasa di India|bahasa klasik India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/cabinet-approved-odia-as-classical-language-1392954604-1|title=Cabinet approved Odia as Classical Language|date=21 February 2014|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225144057/https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/cabinet-approved-odia-as-classical-language-1392954604-1|url-status=live}}</ref> Sejarah wilayah Odisha diwarnai dengan kemunculan [[Kalingga (India)|Kerajaan Kalingga]], salah satu kerajaan Hindu yang kuat di India bagian timur. Nantinya kerajaan tersebut diinvasi oleh [[Kekaisaran Maurya]] di bawah pimpinan Kaisar [[Asoka|Asoka Yang Agung]], yang berpusat di [[Pataliputra]], di daerah [[Bihar]] yang sekarang. Invasi tersebut berujung pada [[Perang Kalingga]] yang berlangsung di wilayah Odisha.<ref name=GovHistory>{{cite web|title=Detail History of Orissa|url=http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm|publisher=[[Government of Odisha]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112195307/http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm|archive-date=12 November 2006}}</ref> Batas wilayah Odisha modern didemarkasi oleh Pemerintah [[Kemaharajaan Britania|kolonial]], yang meresmikan [[Provinsi Orissa]] pada 1 April 1936, dengan memisahkan distrik-distrik berbahasa Odia dari [[Provinsi Bihar dan Orissa Bersatu]].<ref name=GovHistory /> Oleh karenanya, 1 April dirayakan sebagai [[Hari Odisha]] (''Utkala Dibasa'').<ref name=FlavoursOfOdisha>{{cite news|title=Utkala Dibasa hails colours, flavours of Odisha|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Utkala-Dibasa-hails-colours-flavours-of-Odisha/articleshow/33095967.cms|access-date=1 Februari 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708211533/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Utkala-Dibasa-hails-colours-flavours-of-Odisha/articleshow/33095967.cms|archive-date=8 Juli 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Sekitar 1135, [[Anantavarman Chodaganga]] menjadikan [[Cuttack]] sebagai ibu kota Utkala,<ref name="Chakraborty1985">{{cite book|author=Rabindra Nath Chakraborty|title=National Integration in Historical Perspective: A Cultural Regeneration in Eastern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PItbvfAvVggC&pg=PA17|access-date=30 November 2012|year=1985|publisher=Mittal Publications|pages=17–|id=GGKEY:CNFHULBK119|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515095045/http://books.google.com/books?id=PItbvfAvVggC&pg=PA17|archive-date=15 Mei 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> dan status itu bertahan sekian lama melalui pergantian kekuasaa di Odisha, termasuk Kolonial Britania dan tetap menjadi ibu kota hingga 1948. Kemudian, [[Bhubaneswar]] ditetapkan sebagai ibu kota Odisha hingga saat ini.<ref name="Kalia1994">{{cite book|author=Ravi Kalia|title=Bhubaneswar: From a Temple Town to a Capital City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2YSPiKbmHkC&pg=PA23|access-date=2 Februari 2015|year=1994|publisher=SIU Press|isbn=978-0-8093-1876-6|page=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=F2YSPiKbmHkC&pg=PA23|archive-date=5 Januari 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
Ekonomi Odisha adalah yang terbesar ke-16 di India dengan PDR {{INRConvert|5.86|t|lk=r}} dan pendapatan per kapita {{INRConvert|127383}}.<ref name="MOSPI" /> Odisha memiliki [[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia]] (IPM) yang tergolong rendah dan berada pada peringkat ke-32.<ref name="snhdi-gdl">{{cite web |title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database |url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |website=Global Data Lab |publisher=Institute for Management Research, Radboud University |access-date=25 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |archive-date=23 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Persentasi penduduk Odisha atau Orissa menurut agama yang dianut, berdasarkan sensus tahun 2011, yakni:<ref name="AGAMA">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |title=C −1 Population by religious community – 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner|access-date=4 Mei 2021|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |archive-date=25 Agustus 2015}}</ref>
* [[Hindu]]: 93,63%
* [[Kristen]]: 2,77%
* [[Islam]]: 2,17%
* [[Animisme]]: 1,14%
* [[Sikh]]: 0,05%
* [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]]: 0,03%
* [[Jain]]: 0,02%
* Lainnya: 0,19%
==
<table border="0"><tr><td>
* [[Angul]]
* [[Bolangir]]
* [[Distrik Balasore|Balasore]]
* [[Bargarh]]
* [[Boudh]]
Baris 46 ⟶ 122:
* [[Cuttack]]
* [[Deogarh]]
* [[Dhenkanal]]
* [[Gajapati]]
</td><td valign="top">
* [[Ganjam]]
* [[Jagatsinghpur]]
Baris 58 ⟶ 135:
* [[Koraput]]
* [[Malkangiri]]
</td><td valign="top">
* [[Mayurbhanj]]
* [[Nabarangapur]]
Baris 68 ⟶ 146:
* [[Sonepur]]
* [[Sundargarh]]
</td></tr></table>
== Kota-kota di Orissa ==
<table border="0"><tr><td>
* [[Baripada]]
* [[Berhampur]] (Kota Sutra, ''Silk City'')
Baris 80 ⟶ 160:
* [[Dhenkanal]]
* [[Jagatsinghpur]]
</td><td valign="top">
* [[Jatni]]
* [[Kendrapada]]
* [[Khurda]]
* [[Konark]] ([[Kuil Matahari Konark|Kuil Matahari, ''Sun Temple'']])
* [[Kujang]]
* [[Paradip]] (Kota pelabuhan, ''Port Town'')
Baris 89 ⟶ 170:
* [[Rourkela]] (Kota Baja, ''Steel City'')
* [[Sambalpur]]
</td></tr></table>
== Transportasi ==
Orissa terhubung dengan India dan dunia melalui [[jalan raya]], [[kereta api]], [[pelabuhan udara]] dan [[pelabuhan laut]].
=== Pelabuhan Udara ===
* [[Pelabuhan Udara Biju Patnaik]]
=== Pelabuhan Laut ===
* [[Paradip|Pelabuhan Laut Paradip]]
* Port of Dhamara (Dalam tahap pengerjaan)
* Port of Gopalpur
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala luar ==
* {{en}} [http://www.orissa.gov.in Situs Resmi Pemerintah Orissa]
* {{en}} [http://www.orissaforum.com/ Orissa Forum] Berita, Informasi, Forum Diskusi. Bertujuan memberikan bantuan bagi masyarakat Oriyas diseluruh dunia.
* {{en}} [http://www.orissa.net.in/ Orissa Travel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070124065700/http://www.orissa.net.in/ |date=2007-01-24 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.devseeker.in/Tech-Jobs/India/Orissa.html Lapangan kerja di Orissa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202040750/http://www.devseeker.in/Tech-Jobs/India/Orissa.html |date=2007-02-02 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.orissdiary.com/ Orissa diary]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Informasi tentang Orissa.
* {{en}} [http://www.whatisindia.com/issues/orissast/index.html Orissa Portal]
* {{en}} [http://www.dharitri.com Surat Kabar Harian di Orissa.]
* {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20071124020305/http://www.geocities.com/rangan_datta/ko.htm Artikel di Konark Sun Temple oleh Rangan Datta]
* {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20071225185105/http://www.geocities.com/rangan_datta/st.htm Artikel di Satpada oleh Rangan Datta]
{{commons
{{wikivoyage|Orissa}}
{{India}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India]]
{{negara-geo-stub|India}}
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