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'''Gynoid''' adalah segala sesuatu yang menyerupai atau berkaitan dengan bentuk [[manusia]] [[perempuan]]. Hal ini juga digunakan dalam istilah medis [[bahasa Inggris Amerika]] sebagai kependekan dari istilah Gynecoid (Gynaecoid dalam bahasa Inggris).<ref name=MW1>{{cite web|title=Gynoid|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/gynoid|publisher=Merriam Webster|accessdate=26 February 2011|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060508/http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/gynoid|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
Gynoid tidak memperoleh popularitas dalam pemakaian sehari-hari untuk secara spesifik mengacu kepada [[robot]] perempuan karena istilah '''[[Android (robot)|android]]''' sudah dipergunakan secara universal untuk mengacu kepada [[robot humanoid]] tanpa memandang jenis kelaminnya. Bagaimanapun, istilah android sebenarnya dianggap menyiratkan sebagai robot jenis [[lelaki]] menurut beberapa bacaan kebudayaan.<ref name=melzer202/><ref name=technophob77/><ref name=Tatsumi/><ref name=desirbody21/><ref name=Foster103/>
 
== Robot perempuan ==
Istilah ini telah diterapkan baru-baru ini untuk robot humanoid yang dirancang agar terlihat lebih akurat seperti perempuan dengan lebih banyak realisme dibandingkan android normal, atau yang memiliki konotasi seksual.
 
Istilah gynoid telah dipakai oleh [[Gwyneth Jones (novelist)|Gwyneth Jones]] dalam novelnya tahun 1985 yang berjudul ''Divine Endurance'' untuk menggambarkan karakter budak robot di Cina masa depan, yang dinilai berdasarkan kecantikannya.<ref name=Tatsumi>{{cite book |title= Full Metal Apache: Transactions between Cyberpunk Japan and Avant-Pop America|url= https://archive.org/details/fullmetalapachet0000tats|last= Tatsumi |first= Takayuki |authorlink= |page=[https://archive.org/details/fullmetalapachet0000tats/page/213 213], Notes |year= 2006|publisher= Duke University Press|location= Durham NC|isbn=0822337746}}</ref>
 
'''Fembot''' ''(female robot)'' digunakan dalam film Austin Powers,<ref name=popscibots/> yang berasal dari serial TV ''[[The Bionic Woman]]''. '''Robotess''' merupakan istilah gender-spesifik tertua pada tahun 1921, berasal dari [[R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots)|sumber yang sama]] dengan [[robot]].
[[ImageBerkas:Actroid-DER 01.jpg|thumbjmpl|rightka|Sebuah [[Actroid]] pada [[Expo 2005]] di [[Prefektur Aichi|Aichi]]]]
 
Reaksi orang terhadap robot tampil sebagai perempuan telah dipelajari. Reaksi orang terhadap robot tersebut sebagian disebabkan karena stereotip gender. Penelitian ini telah digunakan untuk menjelaskan isyarat gender, yang menjelaskan perilaku dan estetika mana yang mendapatkan respon lebih kuat yang diinduksi oleh gender.<ref name=carpenter1>{{cite journal | last1 = Carpenter | first1 = J. | last2 = Davis | first2 = J. | last3 = Erwin-Stewart | first3 = N. | last4 = Lee | first4 = T. | last5 = Bransford | first5 = J. | last6 = Vye | first6 = N. | year = 2009 | title = Gender representation in humanoid robots for domestic use | journal = [[International Journal of Social Robotics]] | publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer Netherlands]] | doi = 10.1007/s12369-009-0016-4 | month = March | page = 1 | volume = 1 | issue = 3}}</ref>
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=== Dalam fiksi ===
{{See also|Daftar tokoh fiksi robot perempuan dan cyborg}}
Perempuan buatan telah menjadi kiasan umum dalam fiksi dan mitolog sejak tulisan-tulisan [[Yunani kuno]]. Hal ini berlanjut dengan fiksi moderenmodern, terutama dalam genre fiksi ilmiah. Dalam fiksi ilmiah, robot yang terlihat seperti perempuan sering diproduksi untuk digunakan sebagai pelayan lokal, budak seksual, seperti terlihat dalam film ''[[Westworld]]'', novel [[Paul McAuley]] ''Fairyland'' (1995), dan cerita pendek [[Lester del Rey]] berjudul "[[Helen O'Loy]]" (1938),<ref name=technophob77>{{cite book |title= Technophobia!: Science Fiction Visions of Posthuman Technology|url= https://archive.org/details/technophobiascie00dine|last= Dinello|first= Daniel |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 2005|publisher= University of Texas Press|page= [https://archive.org/details/technophobiascie00dine/page/77 77]|isbn=9780292709867}}</ref>, dan kadang sebagai pejuang, pembunuh, atau pekerja.
 
=== Metafora ===
==== Kebencian terhadap wanita ====
Perlakuan terhadap gynoid dalam fiksi telah terlihat sebagai metafora untuk kebencian terhadap wanita, seperti dalam film ''[[Blade Runner]]'', yang ketiga karakter wanita utamanya adalah gynoid, dua diantaranyadi antaranya menggunakan seksualitas mereka untuk mencoba memanipulasi atau membunuh tokoh protagonis Rick Deckard, sering menggunakan citra seksual, seperti ketika Pris berusaha untuk mencekiknya diantaradi antara pahanya. Daniel Dinello menulis bahwa kekerasan dalam memperlakukan gynoid mewakili kebencian Deckard terhadap perempuan. Gynoid ketiga, Rachel, bertidak sebagai perempuan penurut, bahkan setelah Deckard hampir memperkosanya.<ref name=technophob77/> Thomas Foster menulis, tentang novel ''[[Dead Girls]]'' karya [[Richard Calder]], bahwa tubuh teknologi gynoid menggambarkan seksisme dalam kontek yang tidak alami, menyoroti efek negatifnya. Mereka juga menunjukkan bahwa stereotip dan sikap sosial tidak akan selalu berubah melalui kemajuan teknologi.<ref>{{cite book |title= The souls of cyberfolk: posthumanism as vernacular theory|last= Foster|first= Thomas |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 2005|publisher= U of Minnesota Press|location= |isbn=9780816634064}}</ref>
 
[[Anime]] dan [[manga]] Jepang keduanya memiliki tradisi panjang tentang karakter robot perempuan. Artis [[Hajime Sorayama]] sangat berpengaruh, dengan gambaran "robot seksi"nya, ditemukan dalam koleksinya ''The Gynoids'' (1993).<ref>{{cite book |title= The Gynoids|last= Sorayama|first= Hajime |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 1993|publisher= Treville|location= |isbn=9784845707829}}</ref> Potongan-potongan ini terutama menggambarkan perempuan dengan kulit metalik, dan telah dianggap sebagai komentar pada gender dan konvensi seksual, dan ras, dengan menggarisbawahi "putihnya" gadis pin-up tradisional.<ref>{{cite book |title= The souls of cyberfolk: posthumanism as vernacular theory|last= Foster|first=Thomas |year= 2005|publisher= U of Minnesota Press |isbn=9780816634064 | page = 107 | quote = 'that metallic feeling' seems to heighten and make visible a form of whiteness that in a pin-up girl would seem unremarkable or banal (that is, to the extent that Soyorama's gynoids can be said to embody racial meanings at all, it is through this displacement of "white" skin)}}</ref> Gambaran seksualitasgynoid juga telah diinterpretasikan sebagai fetishisasi dari tubuh perempuan, perbedaan ras, dan teknologi.<ref>{{cite book |title= The souls of cyberfolk: posthumanism as vernacular theory|last= Foster|first=Thomas |year= 2005|publisher= U of Minnesota Press |isbn=9780816634064 | page = 107}}</ref>
 
==== Kebebasan perempuan ====
Gynoid juga telah digunakan sebagai [[metafora]] dalam wacana [[feminis]], sebagai bagian dari feminisme cyborg, mewakili kekuatan fisik perempuan dan kebebasan dari ekspektasi untuk reproduksi.
 
=== Wanita sempurna ===▼
[[ImageBerkas:Falconet - Pygmalion & Galatee (1763)-black bg.jpg|thumbjmpl|uprightlurus|[[Étienne Maurice Falconet]]: ''Pygmalion et Galatée'' (1763). AlthoughMeskipun notbukan roboticrobot, asal mula [[Galatea (mythology)|Galatea]]'s inorganic origin hasyang ledanorganik tomenyebabkan comparisonsperbandingan withdengan gynoidsgynoid]]▼
Sebuah tradisi panjang dalam kisah fiksi, bahwa pria mencoba menciptakan stereoti wanita ideal, dan gynoid fiksi telah dilihat sebagai perpanjangan dari tema ini.<ref name=melzer202>{{cite book|first = Patricia|last = Melzer|title = Alien Constructions: Science Fiction and Feminist Thought|url = https://archive.org/details/alienconstructio00melz|publisher = [[University of Texas Press]]|year = 2006|isbn = 9780292713079|page = [https://archive.org/details/alienconstructio00melz/page/202 202]}}</ref> Contohnya termasuk [[Hephaestus]] dalam kisah [[Iliad]] yang menciptakan pelayan wanita dari logam dan [[Ilmarinen]] dalam [[Kalevala]] yang menciptakan istri buatan. Barangkali yang paling terkenal adalah [[Pygmalion (mythology)|Pygmalion]], salah satu konseptualisasi paling awal dari konstruksi mirip dengan gynoid dalam sejarah sastra, dari karya [[Ovid]] tentang Pygmalion.<ref name=melzer202/> Dalam mitologi ini patung wanita dipahat dengan begitu cantiknya sehingga sang pemahat jatuh cinta kepadanya, dan setelah memohon kepada [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]], sang dewi berbelas kasihan dan mengubah patung itu menjadi wanita nyata dengan siapa Pygmalion mendapatkan anak-anak.
 
TheGynoid firstpertama gynoid indalam film, ''the [[maschinenmensch]]'' ("machine-human"), alsojuga calleddisebut "Parody", "Futura", "Robotrix", or theatau "MariaPeniru impersonatorMaria", indalam film karya [[Fritz Lang]]'s bertajuk ''[[Metropolis (film)|Metropolis]]'' isjuga alsosebuah an examplecontoh: a femininely shaped robot isberbentuk givenfeminim skindan sodiberi thatkulit shesehingga isdia nottidak knowndikenali tosebagai berobot adan robotbermasil andmeniru successfullyMaria impersonatesyang thesedang imprisoned Mariadipenjara anddan worksbekerja convincinglysecara asmeyakinkan ansebagai [[exoticpenari dancererotis]].<ref name=melzer202/>▼
▲===Wanita sempurna===
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▲[[Image:Falconet - Pygmalion & Galatee (1763)-black bg.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Étienne Maurice Falconet]]: ''Pygmalion et Galatée'' (1763). Although not robotic, [[Galatea (mythology)|Galatea]]'s inorganic origin has led to comparisons with gynoids]]
Such gynoids are designed according to patriarchal stereotypes of a perfect women, being "sexy, dumb, and obedient", and reflect the emotional frustration of their creators.<ref name=technophob77/> Fictional gynoids are often unique products made to fit a particular man's desire, as seen in the novel ''[[The Future Eve|Tomorrow's Eve]]'' and films ''[[The Benumbed Woman]]'', ''[[The Stepford Wives]]'', ''[[Mannequin (1987 film)|Mannequin]]'' and ''[[Weird Science (film)|Weird Science]]'',<ref name=desirbody230>{{cite book |title= The desirable body: cultural fetishism and the erotics of consumption|last= Stratton|first=Jon |year= 2001|publisher=University of Illinois Press|location=US |isbn=9780252069512 | page = 230}}</ref> and the creators are often male "[[mad scientists]]" such as the characters [[Rotwang]] in ''Metropolis'', Tyrell in ''Blade Runner'', and the husbands in ''The Stepford Wives''.<ref name=technophob78>{{cite book |title= Technophobia!: Science Fiction Visions of Posthuman Technology|url= https://archive.org/details/technophobiascie00dine|last= Dinello|first= Daniel |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 2005|publisher= University of Texas Press|page= [https://archive.org/details/technophobiascie00dine/page/78 78]|isbn=9780292709867}}</ref> Gynoids have been described as the "ultimate geek fantasy: a metal-and-plastic woman of your own".<ref name=popscibots>{{cite web | url = http://www.popsci.com/cars/article/2008-12/return-bodacious-bots | title = Return of the Bodacious 'Bots | first = Julia | last = Wallace | date = 16 December 2008 | work = [[Popular Science]]}}</ref>▼
A long tradition exists in fiction, of men attempting to create the stereotypical ideal woman, and fictional gynoids have been seen as an extension of this theme.<ref name=melzer202>{{cite book | first = Patricia | last = Melzer | title = Alien Constructions: Science Fiction and Feminist Thought | publisher = [[University of Texas Press]] | year = 2006 | isbn = 9780292713079 | page = 202}}</ref> Examples include [[Hephaestus]] in the [[Iliad]] who created female servants of metal and [[Ilmarinen]] in the [[Kalevala]] who created an artificial wife. Probably most famous, however, is [[Pygmalion (mythology)|Pygmalion]], one of the earliest conceptualizations of constructions similar to gynoids in literary history, from [[Ovid]]'s account of Pygmalion.<ref name=melzer202/> In this myth a female statue is sculpted that is so beautiful that the creator falls in love with it, and after praying to [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]], the goddess takes pity on him and converts the statue into a real woman with whom Pygmalion has children.
-->
 
Serial televisi ''[[The Bionic Woman]]'' mencetuskan kata fembot. Fembots ini adalah barisan gynoid sangat kuat dengan wajah dari sahabat baiknya tokoh protagonis [[Jaime Sommers (Bionic Woman)|Jaime Sommers]].<ref>Browne, Ray B., ''Forbidden Fruits: Taboos and Tabooism in Culture'', Popular Press, 1984, 9780879722555</ref> Mereka bertarung dalam dua episode dari serial itu: "Kill Oscar" dan "Fembots in Las Vegas", dan meskipun berawalam feminin, ada juga versi lelakinya, termasuk beberapa yang didesain untuk meniru individu tertentu untuk tujuan infiltrasi. Walaupun bukan benar-benar [[kecerdasan buatan]], fembot tetam memiliki pemrograman yang canggih yang memungkinkan mereka melebihi manusia dalam banyak situasi. Istilah "fembot" juga digunakan dalam serial TV ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'' (mengacu kepada robot yang meniru karakter Buffy a.k.a. [[Buffybot]]) dan ''[[Futurama]]''.
▲The first gynoid in film, the [[maschinenmensch]] ("machine-human"), also called "Parody", "Futura", "Robotrix", or the "Maria impersonator", in [[Fritz Lang]]'s ''[[Metropolis (film)|Metropolis]]'' is also an example: a femininely shaped robot is given skin so that she is not known to be a robot and successfully impersonates the imprisoned Maria and works convincingly as an [[exotic dancer]].<ref name=melzer202/>
 
▲Such gynoids are designed according to patriarchal stereotypes of a perfect women, being "sexy, dumb, and obedient", and reflect the emotional frustration of their creators.<ref name=technophob77/> Fictional gynoids are often unique products made to fit a particular man's desire, as seen in the novel ''[[The Future Eve|Tomorrow's Eve]]'' and films ''[[The Benumbed Woman]]'', ''[[The Stepford Wives]]'', ''[[Mannequin (1987 film)|Mannequin]]'' and ''[[Weird Science (film)|Weird Science]]'',<ref name=desirbody230>{{cite book |title= The desirable body: cultural fetishism and the erotics of consumption|last= Stratton|first=Jon |year= 2001|publisher=University of Illinois Press|location=US |isbn=9780252069512 | page = 230}}</ref> and the creators are often male "[[mad scientists]]" such as the characters [[Rotwang]] in ''Metropolis'', Tyrell in ''Blade Runner'', and the husbands in ''The Stepford Wives''.<ref name=technophob78>{{cite book |title= Technophobia!: Science Fiction Visions of Posthuman Technology|last= Dinello|first= Daniel |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 2005|publisher= University of Texas Press|page= 78|isbn=9780292709867}}</ref> Gynoids have been described as the "ultimate geek fantasy: a metal-and-plastic woman of your own".<ref name=popscibots>{{cite web | url = http://www.popsci.com/cars/article/2008-12/return-bodacious-bots | title = Return of the Bodacious 'Bots | first = Julia | last = Wallace | date = 16 December 2008 | work = [[Popular Science]]}}</ref>
 
''[[The Bionic Woman]]'' television series coined the word fembot. These fembots were a line of powerful life-like gynoids with the faces of protagonist [[Jaime Sommers (Bionic Woman)|Jaime Sommers]]'s best friends.<ref>Browne, Ray B., ''Forbidden Fruits: Taboos and Tabooism in Culture'', Popular Press, 1984, 9780879722555</ref> They fought in two multi-part episodes of the series: "Kill Oscar" and "Fembots in Las Vegas", and despite the feminine [[Prefix (linguistics)|prefix]], there were also male versions, including some designed to impersonate particular individuals for the purpose of infiltration. While not truly [[Artificial intelligence|artificially intelligent]], the fembots still had extremely sophisticated programming that allowed them to pass for human in most situations. The term "fembot" was also used in ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'' (referring to a robot duplicate of the title character, a.k.a. the [[Buffybot]]) and ''[[Futurama]]''.
 
The 1987 science fiction [[cult movie]] ''[[Cherry 2000]]'' also portrayed a gynoid character which was described by the male protagonist as his "perfect partner". The 1964 TV series ''[[My Living Doll]]'' features a robot, portrayed by [[Julie Newmar]], who is similarly described.
 
[[Film kultus]] fiksi ilmiah 1987 ''[[Cherry 2000]]'' juga menggambarkan karakter gynoid yang dideskripsikan oleh peran protagonis pria sebagai "pasangan sempurna"nya.
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===Gender===
Fiction about gynoids or female cyborgs reinforce essentialist ideas of femininity, according to Magret Grebowicz.<ref>{{cite book |title= SciFi in the mind's eye: reading science through science fiction|last= Grebowicz|first= Margret |authorlink= |coauthors= L. Timmel Duchamp, Nicola Griffith, Terry Bisson|year=2007 |publisher= Open Court|page=xviii |isbn=9780812696301}}</ref> Such essentialist ideas may present as sexual or gender stereotypes. Among the few non-eroticized fictional gynoids include [[Rosie the Robot Maid]]{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} from ''[[The Jetsons]]''. However, she still has some stereotypically feminine qualities, such as a matronly shape and a predisposition to cry.<ref>{{cite book |title= The Social Psychology of Gender: How Power and Intimacy Shape Gender Relations|url= https://archive.org/details/socialpsychology0000rudm|last= Rudman|first= Laurie A.|authorlink= |coauthors= Peter Glick, Susan T. Fiske|year=2008 |publisher= Guilford Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/socialpsychology0000rudm/page/178 178] |isbn=9781593858254}}</ref>
[[Image:Fembots 2 APIMOM.jpg|thumb|220px|Exaggeratedly feminine Fembots with guns in their breasts, from ''Austin Powers: International Man Of Mystery'']]
The stereotypical role of wifedom has also been explored through use of gynoids. In ''[[The Stepford Wives]]'', husbands are shown as desiring to restrict the independence of their wives, and obedient and stereotypical spouses are preferred. The husbands' technological method of obtaining this "perfect wife" is through the murder of their human wives and replacement with gynoid substitutes that are compliant and housework obsessed, resulting in a "picture-postcard" perfect suburban society. This has been seen as an allegory of male chauvinism of the period, by representing marriage as a master-slave relationship, and an attempt at raising feminist consciousness during the era of second wave feminism.<ref name=technophob78/>
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==Sex objects==
{{Sex in SF mini}}
Some argue that gynoids have often been portrayed as sexual objects. Female cyborgs have been similarly used in fiction, in which natural bodies are modified to become objects of fantasy.<ref name=melzer202/> The female robot in visual media has been described as "the most visible linkage of technology and sex" by Steven Heller.<ref>{{cite book |title= Sex appeal: the art of allure in graphic and advertising design|url= https://archive.org/details/sexappealartofal0000unse|last= Heller|first= Steven |authorlink= |page=[https://archive.org/details/sexappealartofal0000unse/page/155 155] |year= 2000|publisher= Allworth Press|location= |isbn=9781581150483}}</ref>
 
Feminist critic Patricia Melzer writes in ''Alien Constructions: Science Fiction and Feminist Thought'' that gynoids in Richard Calder's ''Dead Girls'' are inextricably linked to men's lust, and are mainly designed as sex-objects, having no use beyond "pleasing men's violent sexual desires".<ref>{{cite book | first = Patricia | last = Melzer | title = Alien Constructions: Science Fiction and Feminist Thought | url = https://archive.org/details/alienconstructio00melz | publisher = [[University of Texas Press]] | year = 2006 | isbn = 9780292713079 | page = [https://archive.org/details/alienconstructio00melz/page/204 204]}}</ref>
The gynoid character Eve from the film ''[[Eve of Destruction (film)|Eve of Destruction]]'' has been described as "a literal sex bomb", with her subservience to patriarchal authority and a bomb in place of reproductive organs.<ref name=desirbody230>Stratton, p.230</ref> In the film ''The Perfect Women'', the titulartituler robot Olga is described as having "no sex", but Steve Chibnall writes in his essay "Alien Women" in ''British Science Fiction Cinema'' that it is clear from her fetishistic underwear that she is produced as a toy for men, with an "implicit fantasy of a fully compliant sex machine".<ref>{{cite book |title= British Science Fiction Cinema|last= Hunter|first= I. Q. |authorlink= |page=58 |year= 1999|publisher= |location= |isbn=9780203009772}}</ref> In the film ''West World'', female robots actually engaged in intercourse with human men as part of the make-believe vacation world human customers paid to attend.
 
Sex with gynoids has been compared to necrophilia.<ref>{{cite book |title= The body's perilous pleasures: dangerous desires and contemporary culture|url= https://archive.org/details/bodysperilousple0000unse|last= Michele |first= Aaron|authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 1999|publisher= Edinburgh University Press|pages=108–124[https://archive.org/details/bodysperilousple0000unse/page/108 108]–124 |isbn=9780748609611}}</ref> Sexual interest in gynoids and fembots has been attributed to fetishisation of technology, and compared to Sadomasochism in that it reorganizes the social risk of sex. The depiction of female robots minimizes the threat felt by men from female sexuality and allow the "erasure of any social interference in the spectator's erotic enjoyment of the image".<ref name=Foster103>{{cite book |title= The souls of cyberfolk: posthumanism as vernacular theory|last= Foster|first=Thomas |year= 2005|publisher= U of Minnesota Press |isbn=9780816634064 | page = 103 | quote = Gynoids are frames that enable us to desire differently, by accommodating libidinal investments in male lack.}}</ref> Gynoid fantasies are produced and collected by online communities centered around chat rooms and web-site galleries.<ref>{{cite book |title= The souls of cyberfolk: posthumanism as vernacular theory|last= Foster|first=Thomas |year= 2005|publisher= U of Minnesota Press |isbn=9780816634064 | page = 103}}</ref>
 
Isaac Asimov writes that his robots were generally sexually neutral and that giving the majority masculine names was not an attempt to comment on gender. He first wrote about female-appearing robots at the request of editor [[Judy-Lynn del Rey]].<ref>{{cite book |title= The Bicentennial man and other stories|url= https://archive.org/details/bicentennialmano00asim|last= Asimov|first= |authorlink= |page=[https://archive.org/details/bicentennialmano00asim/page/5 5] |year= 1976|publisher= Doubleday|location= |isbn=9780385121989}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= I. Asimov: a memoir|url= https://archive.org/details/iasimovmemoir00asim_0|last= Asimov|first= Isaac |authorlink= |page=[https://archive.org/details/iasimovmemoir00asim_0/page/320 320] |year= 1994|publisher= Doubleday|location= |isbn=9780385417013}}</ref> Asimov's short story "Feminine Intuition" (1969) is an early example that showed gynoids as being as capable and versatile as male robots, with no sexual connotations.<ref>{{cite book |title= Gold: the final science fiction collection|url= https://archive.org/details/goldfinalscience00asim|last= Asimov|first= Isaac |authorlink= |page=[https://archive.org/details/goldfinalscience00asim/page/172 172] |year= 1995|publisher= HarperPrism|location= |isbn=9780061052064}}</ref> Early models in "Feminine Intuition" were "female caricatures", used to highlight their human creators' reactions to the idea of female robots. Later models lost obviously feminine features, but retained "an air of femininity".<ref>{{cite book |title= The Bicentennial man and other stories|url= https://archive.org/details/bicentennialmano00asim|last= Asimov|first= |authorlink= |page=[https://archive.org/details/bicentennialmano00asim/page/15 15] |year= 1976|publisher= Doubleday|location= |isbn=9780385121989}}</ref>
 
===AsSebagai sexualperangkat devicesseksual===
{{See also|Android (robot)|HumanoidRobot robothumanoid}}
[[File:Sweetheart gynoid berkley.jpg|thumb|“Sweetheart”, shown with its creator, Clayton Bailey; the busty female robot (also a functional coffee maker) that created a controversy when it was displayed at the [[Lawrence Hall of Science]] at [[UC Berkeley]] ]]
 
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== Lihat pula ==
* [[Cyborg]]
* [[Gender in science fiction]]
Baris 88 ⟶ 87:
* ''[[My Living Doll]]''
 
== Referensi ==▼
 
▲==Referensi==
{{Reflist|2}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Carpenter | first1 = J. | last2 = Davis | first2 = J. | last3 = Erwin-Stewart | first3 = N. | last4 = Lee | first4 = T. | last5 = Bransford | first5 = J. | last6 = Vye | first6 = N. | year = 2009 | title = Gender representation in humanoid robots for domestic use | journal = [[International Journal of Social Robotics]] | publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer Netherlands]] | doi = 10.1007/s12369-009-0016-4 | month = March | volume = 1 | pages = 261 | issue = 3}}
* {{cite book | last = Jordanova | first = Ludmilla | authorlink = Ludmilla Jordanova | year = 1989 | title = Sexual Visions: Images of Gender in Science and Medicine between the Eighteenth and Twentieth Centuries|url = https://archive.org/details/sexualvisionsima00jord| location = Madison, Wis. | publisher = University of Wisconsin Press | isbn = 0-299-12290-5}}
* {{cite book | last = Leman | first = Joy | year = 1991 | chapter = Wise Scientists and Female Androids: Class and Gender in Science Fiction | editor-last = Corner | editor-first = John | title = Popular Television in Britain | location = London | publisher = BFI Publishing | isbn = 0-85170-269-4}}
* {{cite book | first = Patricia | last = Melzer | title = Alien Constructions: Science Fiction and Feminist Thought | publisher = [[University of Texas Press]] | year = 2006 | isbn = 9780292713079}}
* {{cite book |title= The desirable body: cultural fetishism and the erotics of consumption|last= Stratton|first=Jon |year= 2001|publisher=University of Illinois Press|location=US |isbn=9780252069512}}
* {{cite book |title= The souls of cyberfolk: posthumanism as vernacular theory|last= Foster|first=Thomas |year= 2005|publisher= U of Minnesota Press |isbn=9780816634064}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|Gynoids}}
 
Baris 108 ⟶ 106:
[[Kategori:Robot humanoid]]
[[Kategori:Android (robot)]]
 
[[bs:Ginoid]]
[[cs:Gynoid]]
[[en:Gynoid]]
[[es:Ginoide]]
[[fr:Gynoïde]]
[[hr:Ginoid]]
[[it:Ginoide]]
[[hu:Gynoid]]
[[mk:Гиноид]]
[[ja:ガイノイド]]
[[pl:Fembot]]
[[pt:Ginoide]]
[[ru:Гиноид]]
[[sl:Ginoid]]
[[fi:Gynoidi]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Gynoid"