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Sinofobia: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 1:
{{Bedakan|Xenofobia}}
'''Sinofobia''' (dari [[bahasa Latin|Latin]]: ''Sinae'' "orang Cina" + [[bahasa Yunani|Yunani]] ''φόβος'', phobos, "ketakutan") atau '''anti-Cina''' adalah suatu [[ketakutan]] dari ketidaksukaan terhadap [[Cina]], orang Cina, perantauan Cina, ataupun [[budaya Cina]].<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sinophobic Sinophobic]. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Retrieved 2008-08-23.</ref> Perasaan tersebut sering ditujukan kepada masyarakat Cina yang berstatus minoritas yang berada di luar negeri Cina, Cina yang bermasalah status imigrasinya, kerancuan warga negara mereka, kesenjangan ekonomi. Hal ini juga ditimbulkan karena trauma atas tindakan kekerasan yang dilakukan bangsa ini pada masa lalu seorang pribumi. Perasaan ini lawan dari [[Sinofilia]].
{{untuk|fobia terhadap anjing|Sinofobia (zoofobia)}}
<div style="font-size: 90%">
{| class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="width:360px; border:1px black; float:right; margin-left:1em;"
|+ style="background:#f99;" colspan="2"|Hasil jajak pendapat [[Pew Research Center]] 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/10/06/unfavorable-views-of-china-reach-historic-highs-in-many-countries/|title=Unfavorable Views of China Reach Historic Highs in Many Countries |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]|date=2020-10-06|accessdate= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615000451/https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/10/06/unfavorable-views-of-china-reach-historic-highs-in-many-countries/ |archivedate=2021-06-15 |language=en}}</ref><br />Pandangan Tiongkok menurut negara<br>(diurutkan menurut positif - negatif)
!Negara yang disurvei !!<small> Positif</small> !! <small>Negatif</small> !! <small>Netral</small> !! <small>Positif − Negatif</small>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Jepang}} || {{Percentage bar|9|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|86|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || 5 ||<span style="color:red;">-77</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Swedia}} || {{Percentage bar|14|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|85|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || 1 || <span style="color:red;">-71</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Australia}} || {{Percentage bar|15|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|81|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || 4 || <span style="color:red;">-66</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Denmark}} || {{Percentage bar|22|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|75|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || 3 || <span style="color:red;">-53</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Britania Raya}} || {{Percentage bar|22|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|74|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || 4 || <span style="color:red;">-52</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Amerika Serikat}} || {{Percentage bar|22|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|73|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || 5 || <span style="color:red;">-51</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Korea Selatan}} || {{Percentage bar|24|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|75|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || 1 || <span style="color:red;">-51</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Kanada}} || {{Percentage bar|23|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|73|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || 4 || <span style="color:red;">-50</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Belanda}} || {{Percentage bar|25|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|73|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || 2 || <span style="color:red;">-48</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Belgia}} || {{Percentage bar|24|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|71|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || 5 || <span style="color:red;">-47</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Jerman}} || {{Percentage bar|25|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|71|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || 4 || <span style="color:red;">-46</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Prancis}} || {{Percentage bar|26|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|70|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || 4 || <span style="color:red;">-44</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Spanyol}} || {{Percentage bar|36|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|63|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || 1 || <span style="color:red;">-27</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Italia}} || {{Percentage bar|38|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|62|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || 0 || <span style="color:red;">-24</span>
|-
|}</div>
<div style="font-size: 90%">
{| class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="width:360px; border:1px black; float:right; margin-left:1em;"
|+ style="background:#f99;" colspan="2"|Hasil jajak pendapat [[BBC World Service]] 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globescan.com/images/images/pressreleases/bbc2017_country_ratings/BBC2017_Country_Ratings_Poll.pdf |title=Sharp Drop in World Views of US, UK: Global Poll |publisher=[[BBC World Service]] |date=2017-07-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608143515/https://globescan.com/images/images/pressreleases/bbc2017_country_ratings/BBC2017_Country_Ratings_Poll.pdf |archivedate=2021-06-08 |page=36|language=en |format=PDF}}</ref><br />Pandangan pengaruh Tiongkok menurut negara<br>(diurutkan menurut positif - negatif)
!Negara yang disurvei !!<small> Positif</small> !! <small>Negatif</small> !! <small>Positif − Negatif</small>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Spanyol}} || {{Percentage bar|15|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|68|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–53</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Amerika Serikat}} || {{Percentage bar|22|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|70|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–48</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|India}} || {{Percentage bar|19|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|60|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–41</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Turki}} || {{Percentage bar|29|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|54|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–25</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Prancis}} || {{Percentage bar|35|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|60|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–25</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Indonesia}} || {{Percentage bar|28|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|50|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–22</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Britania Raya}} || {{Percentage bar|37|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|58|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–21</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Jerman}} || {{Percentage bar|20|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|35|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–15</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Kanada}} || {{Percentage bar|37|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|51|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–14</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Australia}} || {{Percentage bar|46|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|47|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–1</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Brasil}} || {{Percentage bar|45|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|38|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">7</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Yunani}} || {{Percentage bar|37|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|25|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">12</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Peru}} || {{Percentage bar|49|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|34|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">15</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Rusia}} || {{Percentage bar|44|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|23|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">21</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Meksiko}} || {{Percentage bar|55|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|26|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">29</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Kenya}} || {{Percentage bar|63|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|27|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">36</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Pakistan}} || {{Percentage bar|63|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|12|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">51</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Nigeria}} || {{Percentage bar|83|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|9|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">74</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Tiongkok}} || {{Percentage bar|88|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|10|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">78</span>
|-
|}</div>
<div style="font-size: 90%">
{| class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="width:360px; border:1px black; float:right; margin-left:1em;"
|+ style="background:#f99;" colspan="2"|Hasil jajak pendapat {{Interlanguage link|Eurobarometer|en|Eurobarometer}} 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=http://idos.gr/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/China-Image-in-Greece_9-10-2018.pdf |title=China's Image in Greece (page 33)|date=2018-10|page=33|accessdate= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603061033/https://idos.gr/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/China-Image-in-Greece_9-10-2018.pdf |archivedate=2021-06-03 |language=en |format=PDF |publisher={{Interlanguage link|Eurobarometer|en|Eurobarometer}}}}</ref><br />Pandangan Tiongkok menurut negara<br>(diurutkan menurut positif - negatif)
!Negara yang disurvei !!<small> Positif</small> !! <small>Negatif</small> !! <small>Positif − Negatif</small>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Ceko}} || {{Percentage bar|25|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|69|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–44</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Prancis}} || {{Percentage bar|21|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|63|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–42</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Luksemburg}} || {{Percentage bar|24|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|61|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–37</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Jerman}} || {{Percentage bar|26|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|61|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–35</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Swedia}} || {{Percentage bar|31|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|64|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–33</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Italia}} || {{Percentage bar|29|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|60|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–31</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Spanyol}} || {{Percentage bar|29|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|59|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–30</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Belanda}} || {{Percentage bar|32|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|60|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–28</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Denmark}} || {{Percentage bar|32|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|59|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–27</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Belgia}} || {{Percentage bar|34|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|61|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–27</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Austria}} || {{Percentage bar|34|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|57|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–23</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Finlandia}} || {{Percentage bar|36|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|55|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–19</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Malta}} || {{Percentage bar|30|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|47|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–17</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Slovenia}} || {{Percentage bar|41|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|53|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–12</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Polandia}} || {{Percentage bar|37|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|48|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–11</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Hungaria}} || {{Percentage bar|40|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|50|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–10</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Portugal}} || {{Percentage bar|36|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|45|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–9</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Slowakia}} || {{Percentage bar|36|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|44|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–8</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Republik Irlandia}} || {{Percentage bar|39|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|47|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–8</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Yunani}} || {{Percentage bar|45|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|49|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–4</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Britania Raya}} || {{Percentage bar|39|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|41|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:red;">–2</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Estonia}} || {{Percentage bar|43|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|35|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">8</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Lituania}} || {{Percentage bar|49|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|36|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">13</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Kroasia}} || {{Percentage bar|54|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|39|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">15</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Bulgaria}} || {{Percentage bar|47|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|31|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">16</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Rumania}} || {{Percentage bar|56|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|34|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">22</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Latvia}} || {{Percentage bar|51|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|29|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">22</span>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Siprus}} || {{Percentage bar|58|c=#80FF80|width=50}} || {{Percentage bar|27|c=#FF8080|width=50}} || <span style="color:green;">31</span>
|-
|}</div>
 
'''Sinofobia''' atau '''sentimen anti-Tiongkok''' adalah suatu [[ketakutan]] dari ketidaksukaan terhadap [[Tiongkok]], [[Tionghoa]], ataupun [[budaya Tionghoa]] dan segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengannya.<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sinophobic Sinophobic]. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Retrieved 2008-08-23.</ref> Perasaan tersebut sering ditujukan kepada minoritas Tionghoa yang tinggal di luar Tiongkok dan melibatkan imigrasi, pengembangan identitas nasional di negara-negara tetangga, kesenjangan hidup, sistem upeti daerah pusat pada masa lalu, hubungan mayoritas-minoritas, diskriminasi dan rasisme. Perasaan ini berlawanan dari [[Sinofilia]].
=== Malaysia, Indonesia, dan Filipina ===
 
Di negara dengan minoritas Cina, kesenjangan sosial terlihat perbedaannya dengan pribumi. Sebagai contoh, pada tahun 1998, 1% populasi Cina di Filipina dan 3% populasi di Indonesia, mereka menguasai 40% perekonomian swasta di Filipina dan 70% perekonomian swasta di Indonesia (pakar ekonomi Indonesia percaya bahwa ini adalah pendapat yang salah, sejak kekayaan Indonesia ternyata dikuasai militer pada era Orde Baru.） <ref>Chua. pg. 3 & 43.</ref> Di Malaysia, fenomena tersebut tidak jauh berbeda dengan kedua negara tersebut. Dominasi pasar oleh Cina merupakan dasar kebencian dan menjadi karakteristik alasan kebencian terhadap Cina di [[Asia Tenggara]].<ref>Chua. (2003). pg. 61.</ref>
== Malaysia, Indonesia, dan Filipina ==
Di negara dengan minoritas Tionghoa, kesenjangan sosial terlihat perbedaannya dengan pribumi. Sebagai contoh, pada tahun 1998, 1% populasi Tionghoa di [[Filipina]] mereka menguasai 40% perekonomian swasta di sana, dan disebutkan dengan salah bahwa 3% populasi di [[Indonesia]] menguasai 70% perekonomian swasta di Indonesia (pakar ekonomi Indonesia percaya bahwa ini adalah pendapat yang salah, sejak diketahui bahwa kekayaan Indonesia ternyata dikuasai [[militer]] pada era [[Orde Baru]]).<ref>Chua. pg. 3 & 43.</ref> Di [[Malaysia]], fenomena tersebut tidak jauh berbeda dengan kedua negara tersebut. Dominasi pasar oleh Tiongkok merupakan dasar kebencian dan menjadi karakteristik alasan kebencian sebagian orang terhadap segala hal berbau Tiongkok/Tionghoa di negara-negara [[Asia Tenggara]] tersebut.<ref>Chua. (2003). pg. 61.</ref>
 
== Di negara-negara lain ==
{{sect-stub}}
 
== Lihat juga ==
 
== Referensi ==
Baris 8 ⟶ 156:
 
== Sumber bacaan lainnya ==
* McClain, Charles J. (1996). [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eZ7TqtjYlfcC&printsec=frontcover ''In Search of Equality: The Chinese Struggle Against Discrimination in Nineteenth-Century America'']. [[University of California Press]].
* Ward, W. Peter (2002). [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wZrmKQohsGwC&printsec=frontcover ''White Canada Forever: Popular Attitudes and Public Policy Toward Orientals in British Columbia'']. [[McGill-Queen's Press]]. 3rd edition.
* Aarim-Heriot, Najia (2003). [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=t3mw8WBMOiUC&printsec=frontcover ''Chinese Immigrants, African Americans, and Racial Anxiety in the United States, 1848-82'']. [[University of Illinois Press]].
* Ferrall, Charles; Millar, Paul; Smith, Keren. (eds) (2005). [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=v0fLyrenenAC&printsec=frontcover ''East by South: China in the Australasian imagination'']. [[Victoria University Press]].
* Mungello, David E. (2009). [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7SIYDQmbEGoC&printsec=frontcover ''The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500-1800'']. [[Rowman & Littlefield]].
 
{{Fobia}}
 
[[euKategori:Sinofobia| ]]
[[enKategori:SinophobiaFobia]]
[[Kategori:Anti-Tionghoa]]
[[ko:반중 감정]]
[[it:Sinofobia]]
[[ja:反中]]
[[vi:Chủ nghĩa bài Trung Quốc]]
[[zh:反華]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Sinofobia"