New Horizons: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = ''New Horizons''
| image = File:New Horizons spacecraft model 1.png
| image_caption = Wahana Antariksa ''New Horizons''
| image_alt =
| image_size = 300px
| insignia = New Horizons - Logo2 big.png
| mission_type = Terbang melewati [[Pluto]]
| operator = [[NASA]]
| website = {{URL|http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/}}<br>{{URL|1=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/newhorizons/main/|2=www.nasa.gov}}
| COSPAR_ID = 2006-001A
| SATCAT = 28928
| mission_duration = Misi utama: 9,5 tahun
| manufacturer = [[Applied Physics Laboratory|APL]]{{,}}[[Southwest Research Institute]]
| launch_mass = {{convert|478|kg|lb}}
| power = 228 watts
| launch_date = {{start date|2006|01|19}} 19:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|year=2006|month=01|day=19}} ago)</small>
| launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 551
| launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral]] [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]]
| launch_contractor = [[International Launch Services]]
|interplanetary =
{{Infobox spaceflight/IP
|type = flyby
|object = [[Bulan]]
|distance = {{convert|189.916|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|arrival_date = {{start date|2006|01|20}} 04:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|year=2006|month=01|day=20}} yang lalu)</small>
}}
{{Infobox spaceflight/IP
|type = flyby
|object = Asteroid 132524 APL
|note = insidentil
|distance = {{convert|101.867|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|arrival_date = {{start date|2006|06|13}} 04:05 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|year=2006|month=06|day=13}} yang lalu)</small>
}}
{{Infobox spaceflight/IP
|type = flyby
|object = [[Jupiter]]
|note = Dibantu gravitasi
|distance = {{convert|2.300.000|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|arrival_date = {{start date|2007|02|28}} 05:43:40 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]<br/><small>({{Age in years, months and days|year=2007|month=02|day=28}} yang lalu)</small>
}}
{{Infobox spaceflight/IP
|type = flyby
|object = [[Pluto]]
|distance = {{convert|12.500|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|arrival_date = {{start date|2015|07|14}} 11:49:57 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]<br/>
}}
| instruments_list = <!-- start collapsible list of instruments -->
{{Infobox spaceflight/Instruments
|acronym1 = Alice | name1 = Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer
|acronym2 = LORRI | name2 = Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager
|acronym3 = SWAP | name3 = Solar Wind at Pluto
|acronym4 = PEPSSI | name4 = Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation
|acronym5 = REX | name5 = Radio Science Experiment
|acronym6 = Ralph | name6 = Ralph Telescope
|acronym7 = SDC | name7 = Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter
}}
}}
[[Berkas:New Horizons Full Trajectory.svg|jmpl|ka|160px|Simulated view of the position of ''New Horizons'' as of 1 Jan. 2015 showing spacecraft trajectory since launch.]]
'''''New Horizons''''' adalah nama sebuah [[misi luar angkasa tak berawak|wahana antariksa tak berawak]] [[NASA]] yang dirancang untuk terbang melewati [[Pluto]] dan bulan/[[satelit alami|satelit-satelitnya]]. ''New Horizons'' diharapkan akan dapat mengirimkan foto-foto Pluto dan satelitnya dari jarak dekat. Wahana ini memiliki berat sebesar hampir 500 [[kilogram]].
''New Horizons'' dijadwalkan akan melintasi seluruh bagian [[tata surya]] selama sembilan tahun sebelum terbang ke Pluto dan satelitnya, [[Charon]], pada [[2015]]. Jika berhasil, ''New Horizons'' akan menjadi pesawat pertama yang mengunjungi planet tersebut. Di dalam ''New Horizons'' terdapat tujuh peralatan ilmiah yang dirancang untuk memberikan berbagai petunjuk mengenai keadaan permukaan Pluto, susunan dalam, serta atmosfernya.
Selain melintasi Pluto, para perencana misi ini juga berharap NASA menyetujui rencana penerbangan lanjutan melewati
''New Horizons'' awalnya direncanakan dapat diluncurkan pada [[11 Januari]] [[2006]], namun ditunda hingga [[17 Januari]] (lalu kemudian ditunda lagi hingga [[19 Januari]] 2006) agar beberapa pengujian lanjutan dapat dilakukan terhadapnya. Peluncurannya dilaksanakan menggunakan sebuah roket [[Atlas V]].
== Tanggal-tanggal penting ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Kejadian berikutnya
! Tanggal
! kejadian
! Keterangan
! Referensi
|-
|
| 8 Juni 2001
| Program New Horizons dimulai NASA.
| Setelah 3 bulan penelitian sebelum pengumpulan proposal, 2 tim desainer dikompetisikan, yitu POSSE (Pluto and Outer Solar System Explorer - Penjelajah Pluto dan Tata Surya Luar) serta New Horizon
| <ref>{{cite web | last = Savage | first = D. | title = NASA Selects Pluto-Kuiper Belt Mission For Phase B Study | publisher = NASA | date = November 29, 2001 | url = http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/text/pluto_pr_20011129.txt | accessdate = January 12, 2011 | archive-date = 2011-01-12 | archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5vgjYJlC0?url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/text/pluto_pr_20011129.txt | dead-url = unfit }}</ref>
|-
|
| 13 Juni 2005
| Pesawat luar angkasa diberangkatkan ke APL (Applied Physics Laboratory) untuk pengetesan final.
| Pengujian dilakukan di Goddard Space Flight Center (Pusan Pesawat Antariksa Goddard) - GSFC.
|
|-
|
| 24 September 2005
| Pesawat dikirim ke [[Cape Canaveral]] (Tanjung Canaveral)
| Dipindahkan melalui Andrews Air Force Base memakai Pesawat Kargo C-17 Globemaster III.
| <ref>{{cite web | title = NASA'S Pluto Space Probe Begins Launch Preparations | publisher = SpaceDaily | date = September 27, 2005 | url = http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/NASAS_Pluto_Space_Probe_Begins_Launch_Preparations.html | accessdate = January 12, 2011 | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5x3s0CNZv?url=http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/NASAS_Pluto_Space_Probe_Begins_Launch_Preparations.html | archivedate = 2011-03-09 | deadurl = no }}</ref>
|-
|
| 17 Desember 2005
| Pesawat siap dalam posisi peluncuran.
| Dikirimkan dari Hazardous Servicing Facility ke Vertical Integration Facility di kompleks peluncuran luar angkasa 41.
| {{citation needed|date=March 2011}}
|-
|
| 11 Januari 2006
| Jendela peluncuran utama dibuka.
| Peluncuran ditunda untuk pengetesan lanjutan
| {{citation needed|date=March 2011}}
|-
|
| 16 Januari 2006
| Roket dipindah ke tempat peluncuran
| Roket Peluncur Atlas V dengan nomor seri AV-010, dipindah ke tempat peluncuran
| {{citation needed|date=March 2011}}
|-
|
| 17 Januari 2006
| Peluncuran ditunda
| Kondisi yang berangin di sekitar wilayah peluncuran menyebabkan peluncuran ditunda.
| {{citation needed|date=March 2011}}
|-
|
| 18 Januari 2006
| Peluncuran ditunda (lagi)
| Peluncuran kedua ditunda karena ada kesalahan sistem listrik APL (Applied Physics Laboratory)
| {{citation needed|date=March 2011}}
|-
|
| 19 Januari 2006 (20 Januari 2006 di Indonesia dan GMT+7 keatas)
| Peluncuran sukses pada waktu 14:00 waktu timur (19:00 waktu Greenwich; jam 00:00 tanggal 20 Januari 2006 waktu WIB)
| Pesawat Antariksa New Horizons berhasil diluncurkan setelah penundaan akibat cuaca berawan.
|<ref>{{cite web | last = Amir | first = A. | title = Planetary News: New Horizons (2006) New Horizons launched on its way to Pluto | publisher = The Planetary Society | date = January 19, 2006 | url = http://www.planetary.org/news/2006/0119_New_Horizons_Launched_on_its_Way_to.html | accessdate = March 14, 2011 | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5vghu3MjX?url=http://www.planetary.org/news/2006/0119_New_Horizons_Launched_on_its_Way_to.html | archivedate = 2011-01-12 | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Harwood | first = W. | title = New Horizons launches on voyage to Pluto and beyond | publisher = Spaceflight Now Inc. | date = January 19, 2006 | url = http://spaceflightnow.com/atlas/av010/060119launch.html | accessdate = January 12, 2011 | archive-date = 2011-01-12 | archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5vgiNNwFm?url=http://spaceflightnow.com/atlas/av010/060119launch.html | dead-url = unfit }}</ref>
|-
|
| 7 April 2006
| Melewati orbit [[Mars]]
| Pesawat telah melewati orbit [[Mars]] yang berjarak 1.7 [[Satuan astronomi]] dari bumi.
| <ref>{{cite web | last = Malik | first = T. | title = Pluto-Bound Probe Passes Mars' Orbit | publisher = Space.com | date = April 7, 2006 | url = http://www.space.com/2263-pluto-bound-probe-passes-mars-orbit.html | accessdate = January 14, 2011 | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5x3s0cgTw?url=http://www.space.com/2263-pluto-bound-probe-passes-mars-orbit.html | archivedate = 2011-03-09 | deadurl = no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=mars+7+april+2006|title=Distance between Mars and Earth on 7 April 2006}}</ref>
|-
|
| 13 Juni 2006
| Pertemuan dengan asteroid 132524 APL
| Pesawat antariksa berpapasan dengan asteroid 132524 APL di sabuk asteroid pada 101,867 km pukul 04:05 GMT. Gambar diambil.
| <ref>{{cite journal | title = The New Horizons Distant Flyby of Asteroid 2002 JF56 | journal = Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society | first = Catherine B. | last = Olkin | coauthors = et al. | volume = 38 | page = 597| id = | bibcode = 2006DPS....38.5922O | last2 = Reuter | last3 = Lunsford | last4 = Binzel | last5 = Stern | year = 2006 }}</ref>
|-
|
| 28 November 2006
| Gambar pertama Planet Pluto
| Gambar planet Pluto pertama yang diambil dari jarak jauh.
|
|-
|
| 10 Januari 2007
| Navigasi di sekitar [[Jupiter]]
| Observasi jarak jauh pada bulan terluar Jupiter (Callirrhoe).
| <ref name="callirrhoe">{{cite web | url=http://www.planetary.org/explore/topics/new_horizons/jupiter_timeline.html | title=New Horizons Jupiter Flyby Timeline | publisher=The Planetary Society | accessdate=March 22, 2012 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070306002402/http://www.planetary.org/explore/topics/new_horizons/jupiter_timeline.html | archivedate=2007-03-06 | dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|-
|
| 28 Februari 2007
| Melewati Jupiter
| Jarak terdekat terjadi saat 05:43:40 GMT pada jarak 2.305 million km, 21.219 km/s.
| <ref name="Timeline">{{cite web |url=http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/mission/mission_timeline.php |title=New Horizons Web Site |publisher=Pluto.jhuapl.edu |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |archive-date=2012-10-03 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6B95A3tdk?url=http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/mission/mission_timeline.php |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|-
|
| 8 Juni 2008
| Melewati [[Saturnus]]
| New Horizon melewati orbit [[Saturnus]]: 9.5 [[Satuan astronomi]] dari Bumi.
| <ref name="Timeline" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=saturn+on+8+june+2008|title = Distance between Saturn and Earth on 8 June 2008 | accessdate =March 2011}}</ref>
|-
|
| 29 Desember 2009
| New Horizon lebih dekat ke Pluto daripada ke Bumi.
| Pluto berjarak 32.7 satuan astronomi dari bumi, dan New Horizon berjarak 16.4 Satuan astronomi dari bumi.
|<ref>{{cite web | last = Villard | first = R. | title = New Horizons Crosses Halfway Point to Pluto | publisher = Discovery Communications, LLC. | date = December 29, 2009 | url = http://news.discovery.com/space/new-horizons-crosses-halfway-point-to-pluto.html | accessdate = January 12, 2011 | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5x3s1UlIF?url=http://news.discovery.com/space/new-horizons-crosses-halfway-point-to-pluto.html | archivedate = 2011-03-09 | deadurl = no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=pluto+29+december+2009|title=Distance between Pluto and Earth on 29 December 2009|accessdate =March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=new+horizons+probe+29+december+2009|title=New Horizon properties on 29 December 2009|accessdate =March 2011}}</ref>
|-
|
| 25 Februari 2010
| Separuh jarak ditempuh
| Separuh jarak penjelajahan, {{convert|1480000000|mi}} telah dilalui.
| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.space.com/7979-spacecraft-hits-midpoint-flight-pluto.html | title=Spacecraft Hits Midpoint on Flight to Pluto | publisher=Space.com | date=February 26, 2010 | accessdate=August 11, 2011}}</ref>
|-
|
| 18 Maret 2011
| New Horizon melewati orbit [[Uranus]]
| Ini adalah orbit planet ke-4 yang dilewatinya sejak awal mula. New Horizons mencapai orbit Uranus pada 22:00 GMT.
| <ref>{{cite web | title = Space Spin – New Horizons ventures beyond Saturn's orbit | date = June 9, 2008 | url = http://spacespin.org/article.php/80636-new-horizons-beyond-saturn-orbit | accessdate = March 14, 2011 | archive-date = 2011-07-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110723084517/http://spacespin.org/article.php/80636-new-horizons-beyond-saturn-orbit | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.space.com/11171-nasa-spacecraft-passes-uranus-orbit.html | title = NASA Pluto Probe Passes Orbit of Uranus| date = March 18, 2011| accessdate =March 19, 2011| publisher = SPACE.com | author = SPACE.com Staff}}</ref>
|-
|
| 2 Desember 2011
| New Horizon menjadi pesawat penjelajah yang terdekat ke Pluto dibanding pesawat lainnya
| Rekor sebelumnya dipegang oleh [[Voyager 1]] (~10.58 Satuan Astronomi)
| <ref>[https://twitter.com/#!/NewHorizons2015/status/142249340247879681 Twitter.com – NewHorizons2015]</ref>
|-
|
| 11 Februari 2012
| New Horizons berjarak 10 Satuan Astronomi dari Pluto.
| Terjadi pada saat 4:55 GMT.
| {{citation needed|date=August 2015}}
|-
|
| Oktober 2013
| New Horizons berjarak 5 Satuan Astronomi dari Pluto.
|
|
|-
|
| 25 August 2014
| New Horizons melewati orbit [[Neptunus]]
| Menjadi orbit planet ke-5 yang dilewatinya
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/mission/passingplanets/passingPlanets_current.php |title=New Horizons Web Site |publisher=Pluto.jhuapl.edu |date=March 18, 2011 |accessdate=April 3, 2012 |archive-date=2014-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714214438/http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/mission/passingplanets/passingPlanets_current.php |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|-
|
| Februari 2015
| Observasi ke Pluto dimulai
| New Horizons akan cukup dekat untuk memulai penelitian
| <ref name="Timeline" />
|-
|
| 5 Mei 2015
| Gambar yang diambil jauh lebih baik dari Teleskop Hubble.
| Gambar melewati resolusi terbaik yang dapat dicapai oleh [[Teleskop Hubble]]
| <ref name="Timeline" />
|-
|[[Berkas:Fairytale right.png|30px]]
| 14 Juli 2015
| Melewati [[Pluto]], [[Charon]], [[Hydra]], [[Nix]], [[S/2011 P 1]] dan [[S/2012 P 1]]
| Melewati Pluto pada waktu 11:47 GMT dengan jarak 13,695 km, kecepatan 13.78 km/s. Melewati Charon, Hydra, Nix, S/2011 P 1 dan S/2012 P 1 sekitar 12:01 GMT pada jarak 29,473 km, kecepatan 13.87 km/s.
| <ref name="Timeline" />
|-
|
| 2016–2020
| Berpeluang melewati [[Sabuk kuiper]].
| New Horizon akan melewati Sabuk Kuiper, dengan asumsi semua hal berjalan dengan normal.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/overview/whyGo.php|title=Why Go to Pluto?|publisher=NASA|accessdate=July 14, 2011|archive-date=2008-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723174409/http://www.pluto.jhuapl.edu/overview/whyGo.php|dead-url=yes}}</ref> <!--If you are the author of this, I removed text about the available power; I could not find anything about available power in any of the sources: certainly not in the one given. This information should be left out unless a source can be provided.-->
|-
|
| 2026
| Akhir dari misi
| Berdasarkan NASA,<ref>{{cite web|last=NASA|title=New Horizons|url=http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Chron&Target=Jupiter&MCode=PKB&StartYear=2020&EndYear=2029&Display=Dates|work=NASA Solar System Exploration|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|accessdate=February 21, 2012|date=July 20, 2011|archive-date=2003-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031026205743/http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Chron|dead-url=yes}}</ref> misi penjelajahan planet kerdil akan berakhir.
|
|}
== Pranala luar ==
{{commons
{{wikiportal|Penerbangan antariksa}}
* {{en}} [http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/ Situs resmi]
* {{en}} [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=NHORIZONS Halaman di situs NSSDC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060201230922/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=NHORIZONS |date=2006-02-01 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.jhu.edu/~jhumag/1105web/pluto.html Johns Hopkins Magazine - Mission: Pluto]
* {{id}} [http://www.gatra.com/2005-12-20/artikel.php?id=90835 "NASA Tunda Peluncuran Pesawat Penyelidik Pluto"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930185611/http://www.gatra.com/2005-12-20/artikel.php?id=90835 |date=2007-09-30 }}, ''[[GATRA]]'', 20 Desember 2005
* {{id}} [http://www.bbc.co.uk/indonesian/indepth/story/2006/01/060117_plutomission.shtml "Misi ke Pluto siap diluncurkan"], ''[[BBC|BBC Indonesia]]'', 17 Januari 2006
=== Catatan kaki ===
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
[[Kategori:Wahana antariksa nirawak]]
[[Kategori:Prob antariksa yang diluncurkan tahun 2006]]
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