Partai Demokrat Jepang: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
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{{Infobox political party
| name = Partai Demokrat Jepang<br/>{{nobold|民主党}}
| native_name = Minshutō
| country = Japan
| colorcode = {{Democratic Party of Japan/meta/color}}
| logo = Democratic Party of Japan Logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| leader =
| chairman =
| president = [[Katsuya Okada]]
| secretary_general = [[Yukio Edano]]
| leader1_title = Ketua di Dewan Penasihat
| leader1_name = [[Akira Gunji]]
| leader2_title = Ketua di Dewan Perwakilan
| leader2_name = [[Katsuya Okada]]
| foundation = {{start date|1998|4|27|df=y}}
| dissolution = {{end date|2016|3|27|df=y}}
| merger =
* [[Partai Demokrat Jepang (1996)|Partai Demokrat (1996)]]
* [[Partai Pemerintahan Baik]]
* [[Partai Persaudaraan Baru]]
* [[Partai Reformasi Demokrat (Jepang)|Partai Reformasi Demokrat]]
| predecessor = [[Partai Front Baru (Jepang)|Partai Front Baru]]
| merged = [[Partai Demokrat (Jepang, 2016)|Partai Demokrat (2016)]]
| headquarters = 1-11-1 [[Nagatachō, Tokyo|Nagata-cho]], [[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]], [[Tokyo]] 100-0014, Jepang
| newspaper =
| youth_wing =
| membership_year =
| membership =
| ideology = [[Liberalisme di Jepang|Liberalisme]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2013/01/11/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-japanese-stimulus/|title=Everything you need to know about the Japanese stimulus|website=Washington Post|date=12 January 2009|access-date=9 September 2020|quote=... and between 2009 and Dec. 26, 2012, when the liberal-leaning Democratic Party of Japan, or DPJ, had a majority. For the 38-year period between 1955 and 1993, it never lost power once.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125160894574169933|title=Rise of a New Era in Japan|website=Wall Street Journal|date=31 Juli 2009|access-date=9 September 2020|quote=The upstart Democratic Party of Japan and the establishment Liberal Democratic Party share similar positions on a number of issues. But the more-liberal DPJ is pushing an ambitious and expensive domestic spending agenda with an eye toward reigniting Japan's economy.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Yasutomo|first=Dennis T.|url=https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=FA6LAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT118&dq=japan+liberal+DPJ&hl=ko&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjLn4vk3trrAhVReXAKHWTFDkkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=japan%20liberal%20DPJ&f=false|title=Japan's Civil-Military Diplomacy: The Banks of the Rubicon|quote=The “liberal” DPJ vowed to undo the damage of the “hawkish” LDP, especially in Iraq and Afghanistan.|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2014}}</ref><br />[[Liberalisme sosial]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Franičević|first=Vojmir|last2=Kimura|first2=Hiroshi|year=2003|title=Globalization, democratization and development: European and Japanese views of change in South East Europe|isbn=953-157-439-1|quote=Towards the end of the 1990s the social-liberal Minshuto (Democratic Party of Japan, DPJ) consolidated and replaced Shinshinto as a rival of LDP.}}</ref><br/>''Minshu-chūdō'' ([[:ja:民主中道|ja]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A%5B%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%5D-140077|script-title=ja:民主党(日本)(みんしゅとう(にほん))とは|website=kotobank.jp|language=ja|access-date=8 Februari 2020}} (dari ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' bahasa Jepang)</ref>
| position = [[Sentrisme|Tengah]]<ref name="Centrist" /> hingga [[Politik kiri tengah|kiri tengah]]<ref name="Inoguchi2012">{{cite book|last=Inoguchi|first=Takashi|editor-last=Isakhan|editor-first=Benjamin|editor-last2=Stockwell|editor-first2=Stephen|title=The Edinburgh Companion to the History of Democracy|chapter-url=http://books.google.com/books?id=e1elBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA308|chapter=1945: Post-Second World War Japan|year=2012|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|page=308|isbn=978-0-7486-4075-1|quote=The Democratic Party of Japan is a centre-left party, but it contains a sizeable union-based left wing and some members close to the extreme right.}}</ref><ref name="Schreurs2014">{{cite book|last=Schreurs|first=Miranda|editor-last=Kopstein|editor-first=Jeffrey|editor-last2=Lichbach|editor-first2=Mark|editor-last3=Hanson|editor-first3=Stephen E.|title=Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order|chapter-url=http://books.google.com/books?id=L2jwAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA192|chapter=Japan|year=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=192|isbn=978-1-139-99138-4}}</ref>
| national =
| international = [[Aliansi Demokrat (politik internasional)|Alliance of Democrats]] <small>(2005–12)</small>
| colors = {{colour box|{{Democratic Party of Japan/meta/color}}}} [[Merah]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://r.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO22461210Z11C17A0000000|script-title=ja:日本に定着するか、政党のカラー|trans-title=Will the colors of political parties settle in Japan?|website=[[Nikkei, Inc.]]|language=ja|date=21 Oktober 2017|access-date=28 Mei 2020}}</ref><!-- {{colour box|Black}} Red and black (informally) -->
| website = [http://www.dpj.or.jp/english/ www.dpj.or.jp]
}}
{{Nihongo|'''Partai Demokrat Jepang'''|民主党|Minshutō}} adalah sebuah [[Daftar partai politik di Jepang|partai politik]] berporos [[Sentrisme|tengah]] di Jepang<ref name="Centrist">Partai Demokrat Jepang digambarkan dengan luas sebagai partai politik poros tengah:
* {{cite book|last=Scheiner|first=Ethan|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7CwITBmF0-cC&pg=PA43|title=Democracy Without Competition in Japan: Opposition Failure in a One-Party Dominant State|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=43|isbn=978-0-521-84692-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Johnson|first=David T.|last2=Zimring|first2=Franklin E.|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZyIsBaNkfkUC&pg=PA93|title=The Next Frontier: National Development, Political Change, and the Death Penalty in Asia|year=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=93|isbn=978-0-19-988756-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Ellington|first=Lucien|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Fox9YR80V7sC&pg=PA90|title=Japan|year=2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|page=90|isbn=978-1-59884-162-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Koellner|first=Patrick|editor-last=Gaunder|editor-first=Alisa|title=Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics|chapter-url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gdwEocAa3nYC&pg=PA28|chapter=The Democratic Party of Japan|year=2011|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=28|isbn=978-1-136-81838-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Kesselman|first=Mark|last2=Krieger|first2=Joel|last3=Joseph|first3=William|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=WYTTTy5En_YC&pg=PA221|title=Introduction to Comparative Politics|year=2012|publisher=Cengage Learning|page=221|isbn=978-1-111-83182-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QFocExFkA1MC&pg=PT132|title=Contemporary Japan: History, Politics, and Social Change since the 1980s|year=2012|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|page=132|isbn=978-1-118-31506-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Hughes|first=Christopher W.|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-4lmAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA16|title=Japan's Economic Power and Security: Japan and North Korea|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|page=16|isbn=978-1-134-63431-6}}</ref> sejak tahun 1998 hingga 2016.
Partai ini bermula dari [[Partai Demokrat Jepang (1996)|Partai Demokrat Jepang]], yang didirikan pada bulan September 1996 oleh para politikus berporos [[politik kanan tengah|kanan tengah]] dan [[politik kiri tengah|kiri tengah]] yang berakar dari [[Partai Demokrat Liberal (Jepang)|Partai Demokrat Liberal]] dan [[Partai Demokrat Sosial (Jepang)|Partai Sosialis Jepang]].<ref name="Uchiyama2010">{{cite book|last=Uchiyama|first=Yu|editor-last=Hook|editor-first=Glenn D.|title=Decoding Boundaries in Contemporary Japan: The Koizumi Administration and Beyond|chapter-url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Y_esAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA125|chapter=Leadership Strategies: Redrawing boundaries among and within parties in Japan|year=2010|publisher=Routledge|page=125|isbn=978-1-136-84099-9}}</ref> ada bulan April 1998, partai DPJ yang sebelumnya bergabung dengan partai sempalan dari [[Partai Front Baru (Jepang)|Partai Front Baru]] untuk mendirikan partai baru sambil tetap mempertahankan nama DPJ.<ref name="Curtis1999">{{cite book|last=Curtis|first=Gerald L.|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=NHS5Eew3ce0C&pg=PA193|title=The Logic of Japanese Politics: Leaders, Institutions, and the Limits of Change|year=1999|publisher=Columbia University Press|pages=193–194|isbn=978-0-231-50254-2}}</ref> Pada tahun 2003, [[Partai Liberal (Jepang, 1998)|Partai Liberal]] pimpinan [[Ichirō Ozawa]] ikut bergabung.<ref name="Schreurs2014"/>
Setelah [[Pemilihan umum Jepang 2009|pemilihan umum tahun 2009]], DPJ menjadi partai penguasa pada Dewan Perwakilan, mengalahkan [[Partai Demokrat Liberal (Jepang)|Partai Demokrat Liberal]] (LDP) yang telah lama mendominasi serta merebut jumlah kursi terbanyak di [[Dewan Perwakilan Jepang|Dewan Perwakilan]] dan [[Dewan Penasihat Jepang|Dewan Penasihat]]. DPJ dikeluarkan dari pemerintahan oleh LDP pada [[Pemilihan umum Jepang 2012|pemilihan umum tahun 2012]]. Mereka mempertahankan 57 kursi di majelis rendah, dan masih memiliki 88 kursi di majelis tinggi. Selama masa pemerintahannya, DPJ dihadapkan oleh berbagai konflik internal dan berjuang untuk menerapkan banyak kebijakan yang mereka ajukan, hasil yang menurut pakar politik Phillip Lipscy dan Ethan Scheiner simpulkan sebagai "paradoks perubahan politik tanpa perubahan kebijakan".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lipscy|first=Phillip Y.|last2=Scheiner|first2=Ethan|url=http://www.stanford.edu/~plipscy/JEASIntroduction.pdf|title=Japan under the DPJ: The Paradox of Political Change without Policy Change|journal=''Journal of East Asian Studies''|year=2012|volume=12|issue=3|pages=311–322|access-date=2019-03-14|archive-date=2014-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222135931/http://www.stanford.edu/~plipscy/JEASIntroduction.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Produktivitas legislatif di bawah pemerintahan DPJ umumnya tergolong rendah, jatuh ke tingkat yang—menurut beberapa pendapat—belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya dalam sejarah Jepang masa kini.<ref name="rise and fall">{{cite book|last=Kushida|first=Kenji E.|last2=Lipscy|first2=Phillip Y.|editor–last=Kushida|editor–first=Kenji E.|editor–last2=Lipscy|editor–first2=Phillip Y.|title=Japan Under the DPJ: The Politics of Transition and Governance|chapter-url=http://web.stanford.edu/~plipscy/kushidalipscydpjintro.pdf|chapter=The Rise and Fall of the Democratic Party of Japan|year=2013|location=Stanford|publisher=Brookings/Walter H. Shorenstein Asia Pacific Research Center|access-date=2019-03-14|archive-date=2016-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312104741/http://web.stanford.edu/~plipscy/kushidalipscydpjintro.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Namun, DPJ menerapkan sejumlah tindakan progresif selama pemerintahan mereka seperti kebijakan sekolah gratis hingga tingkat sekolah menengah atas, peningkatan subsidi pengasuhan anak,<ref>Japan in Transformation, 1945–2010 (2nd edition) by Jeff Kingston</ref> memperluas cakupan asuransi pengangguran,<ref name="google">{{cite book|last=Izuhara|first=M.|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ufQBAQAAQBAJ|title=Handbook on East Asian Social Policy|year=2013|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing, Incorporated|page=446|isbn=9780857930293}}</ref> perpanjangan durasi tunjangan perumahan,<ref name="google2">{{cite book|last=Miura|first=M.|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JeENGnEw3fQC|title=Welfare through Work: Conservative Ideas, Partisan Dynamics, and Social Protection in Japan|date=2012|publisher=Cornell University Press|page=153|isbn=9780801465482}}</ref> dan peraturan yang lebih ketat untuk melindungi pekerja paruh waktu dan sementara.<ref name="google3">{{cite book|last=Béland|first=D.|last2=Peterson|first2=K.|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fGFyAwAAQBAJ|title=Analysing Social Policy Concepts and Language: Comparative and Transnational Perspectives|date=2014|publisher=Policy Press|page=207|isbn=9781447306443}}</ref>
Pada tanggal 27 Maret 2016, DPJ bergabung dengan [[Partai Inovasi Jepang]] dan [[Visi Reformasi]] untuk membentuk [[Partai Demokrat (Jepang, 2016)|Partai Demokrat (2016)]] (''Minshintō'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/Policy-Politics/New-opposition-party-launched-with-merger-of-DPJ-smaller-party|title=New opposition party launched with merger of DPJ smaller party|access-date=28 Maret 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327210310/http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/Policy-Politics/New-opposition-party-launched-with-merger-of-DPJ-smaller-party|archive-date=2016-03-27|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
== Lihat juga ==
* [[Daftar Partai Demokrat]]
== Referensi ==
{{reflist|30em}}
== Pranala luar ==
* {{en}} {{
[[Kategori:Partai politik di Jepang|Demokratik Jepang]]
[[Kategori:Pendirian tahun 1998 di Jepang]]
[[Kategori:Partai liberal sosial]]
[[Kategori:Partai liberal di Jepang]]
[[Kategori:Partai politik yang didirikan tahun 1998]]
[[Kategori:Partai politik yang dibubarkan tahun 2016]]
[[Kategori:Pembubaran tahun 2016]]
[[Kategori:Partai sentris di Jepang]]
{{politik-stub}}
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