Ottawa: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k Bot: de:Ottawa adalah artikel bagus |
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler |
||
| (47 revisi perantara oleh 27 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Ottawa
|official_name = Ville d'Ottawa
|other_name =
|native_name =
|settlement_type = Kota
|nickname = Bytown
|motto = "Maju-Ottawa-Ke Depan"<br>Ditulis dalam dua bahasa resmi.<ref name="Montague">{{cite web|url=http://www.bookofeverything.com/website/docs/OttawaBOE_Essentials.pdf|title=Ottawa Book of Everything|author=Art Montague|publisher=MacIntyre Purcell Publishing|year=2008|accessdate=14 July 2011|archive-date=2012-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426063702/http://www.bookofeverything.com/website/docs/OttawaBOE_Essentials.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|image_skyline = OttawaCollage.png
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Centre Block, National War Memorial di pusat kota Ottawa, Galeri Nasional Kanada, Kanal Rideau, dan Château Laurier.
|image_map = Rideau Canal.jpg
|map_caption = Kanal Rideau
|image_flag = Flag of Ottawa, Ontario.svg
|image_shield = Coat of arms of Ottawa, Ontario.png
|image_map = Map of Ontario OTTAWA.svg
|mapsize = 200px
|map_caption = Lokasi Kota Ottawa di Provinsi Ontario, Kanada
|coordinates_region = CA-ON
|subdivision_type = Negara
|subdivision_name = {{CAN}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinsi]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Ontario}}
|subdivision_type2 = Wilayah
|subdivision_name2 = Wilayah Ibu Kota Nasional
|leader_title = Wali kota
|leader_title1 = Dewan kota
|leader_name1 = Dewan kota Ottawa
|leader_title2 = Anggota parlemen
|leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list
|title = Daftar anggota parlemen
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style =
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1 =Mauril Bélanger
|2 =Paul Dewar
|3 = John Baird
|4=Royal Galipeau
|5=David McGuinty
|6=Pierre Lemieux
|7=Gordon O'Connor
|8=Pierre Poilievre
}}
|leader_title3 = Anggota parlemen provinsi
|leader_name3 = {{Collapsible list
|title = Daftar anggota parlemen provinsi
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style =
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1 =Lisa MacLeod
|2 =Jean-Marc Lalonde
|3 = Dalton McGuinty
|4=Phil McNeely
|5=Madeleine Meilleur
|6=Yasir Naqvi
|7=Norm Sterling
|8=Bob Chiarelli
}}
|leader_name = Jim Watson
|established_title = Didirikan
|established_date = 1826 sebagai Bytown<ref name="EdwardsIvison2005">{{cite book|author1=Justin D. Edwards|author2=Douglas Ivison|title=Downtown Canada: writing Canadian cities|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0bD75NCOS18C&pg=PA35|accessdate=14 July 2011|date=19 November 2005|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=9780802086686|page=35|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094539/https://books.google.com/books?id=0bD75NCOS18C&pg=PA35&hl=en|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|established_title2 = Inkorporasi
|established_title2 = Kota korporasi
|established_date2 = 1855 sebagai Kota Ottawa<ref name="EdwardsIvison2005"/>
|established_title3 = [[Penggabungan (politik)|Amalgamated]]
|established_date3 = 1 Januari 2001
|area_footnotes = <ref name=CityPop>{{cite web|title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2011 censuses — 100% data|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=301&S=3&O=D|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=2010-02-10|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107044920/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=301&S=3&O=D|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="CityPop"/><ref name="CityPop"/>
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 2778.13
|area_total_sq_mi = 1072.9
|area_land_km2 =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 = 512.29
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 = 5,716.00
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|population_as_of = 2011
|population_footnotes = <ref name=CityPop/><ref name="CityPop"/>
|population_note =
|population_total = 883,391 ([[List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population|4th]])
|population_density_km2 = 316.6
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_urban =
|population_density_urban_km2 =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_metro = 1,236,324 ([[List of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada|4th]])
|population_density_metro_km2 = 196.6
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title=Demonim<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ottawa.ca/residents/public_consult/lansdowne_partnership/urban_park/proposed_designs/c_en.html|title=City of Ottawa - Design C|publisher=Ottawa.ca|date=2010-05-20|accessdate=2011-10-26|archive-date=2012-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118093823/http://ottawa.ca/residents/public_consult/lansdowne_partnership/urban_park/proposed_designs/c_en.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ottawa.ca/calendar/ottawa/citycouncil/occ/2011/08-25/fedco/01%20-%20ACS2011-OCM-CMR-0003%20-%202010%20Report%20on%20FLS%20ENG.htm|title=Rapport au / Report to:|publisher=Ottawa.ca|year=2011|accessdate=2011-10-26|archive-date=2012-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118170026/http://ottawa.ca/calendar/ottawa/citycouncil/occ/2011/08-25/fedco/01%20-%20ACS2011-OCM-CMR-0003%20-%202010%20Report%20on%20FLS%20ENG.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|population_blank1 = Ottawan
|timezone = Wilayah Timur (EST)
|utc_offset = −5
|timezone_DST = [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|EDT]]
|utc_offset_DST =-4
|latd=45|latm=25|lats=15|latNS=N
|longd=75|longm=41|longs=24|longEW=W
|elevation_m = 70
|elevation_ft = 230
|website = [http://www.ottawa.ca/ ottawa.ca]
|postal_code_type = Postal code span
|postal_code = K0A, K1A-K4C<ref name="Montague"/>
|area_code = [[Area code 613|613]], [[Area code 343|343]], [[Area code 819|819]]
|footnotes =
}}
'''Ottawa''' adalah [[ibu kota]] dan kota terbesar keempat di [[Kanada]] setelah [[Toronto]], [[Montreal]], dan [[Calgary|Calgary.]] Kota ini terletak di Lembah Ottawa di bagian timur Provinsi [[Ontario]], di perbatasan utara Kota Quebec-Windsor Corridor. Populasi kota ini sekitar 808.391 jiwa dan populasi Wilayah Ottawa adalah 1.146.790 jiwa. Wali kotanya adalah Jim Watson.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-01|title=Jim Watson|url=https://ottawa.ca/en/city-hall/mayor-and-city-councillors/jim-watson|website=ottawa.ca|language=en|access-date=2020-12-08|archive-date=2020-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127120122/https://ottawa.ca/en/city-hall/mayor-and-city-councillors/jim-watson|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Sebagai ibu kota, Ottawa memiliki banyak tengara nasional seperti Bukit Parlemen, Gedung Pemerintahan Sentral Kanada, Galeri Nasional Kanada, Royal Mint Kanada, Kanal Rideau, dan masih banyak lagi. Merek dagang Ottawa yang lain adalah Tempat Scotiabank, Liga Hoki Nasional, dan Senator Ottawa.
== Geografi ==
{{main|Geografi Kanada}}
[[Berkas:Hot Air Balloon ride Ottawa II.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Pemandangan dari kiri ke kanan: [[Gatineau]], Sungai Ottawa dan Pusat Kota Ottawa]]
Ottawa terletak di tepi selatan Sungai Ottawa, dan berisi mulut para Sungai dan Kanal Rideau.<ref name="RipleyDana1875">{{cite book|author1=George Ripley|author2=Charles Anderson Dana|title=The American cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=KshPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA733|accessdate=27 May 2011|year=1875|publisher=Appleton|page=733|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094540/https://books.google.com/books?id=KshPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA733&hl=en|dead-url=no}}</ref> Bagian tua kota dikenal sebagai Kota Bawah, dan menempati area antara kanal dan sungai. Di seberang kanal ke barat terletak Pusat Kota dan Pusat Kota Ottawa, yang merupakan pusat kota keuangan dan komersial. Pada tanggal [[29 Juni]] [[2007]], Kanal Rideau, yang membentang {{convert|202|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} ke Kingston, Fort Henry dan empat Menara Martello di daerah Kingston diakui sebagai [[Situs Warisan Dunia]] oleh [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1221 |title=Rideau Canal - UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=Whc.unesco.org |date= |accessdate=2011-05-27 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225845/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1221 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
=== Iklim ===
Ottawa memiliki iklim lembap benua dengan empat musim yang berbeda.<ref name="koppen">{{cite web |url = http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/archives/3rdedition/environment/climate/030 |title = Climatic Regions [Köppen] |work = Atlas of Canada |publisher = Natural Resources Canada |date = June 2003 |accessdate = December 25, 2012 |archive-date = 2012-04-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120403011507/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/archives/3rdedition/environment/climate/030 |dead-url = yes }}</ref> Suhu maksimum rata-rata Juli adalah {{convert|26|°C|0|abbr=on}}. Suhu minimum rata-rata Januari adalah {{convert|−15.3|°C|1}}.
Ottawa memiliki musim panas yang hangat dan lembap. Suhu siang hari {{convert|30|°C|0|abbr=on}} atau lebih tinggi adalah biasa. Suhu rata-rata Ottawa menurut suhu gabungan dan indeks kelembapan antara {{convert|30|°C|0}} dan {{convert|40|°C|0}} setiap tahun.
Salju dan es dominan selama musim dingin. Ottawa mendapat sekitar {{convert|235|cm|in|0}} curah salju setiap tahunnya. Hari di atas titik beku dan suhu malam hari di bawah {{convert|−30|°C|0}} dapat terjadi pada musim dingin.<ref name="ottawa1">{{cite web |url=http://ottawa.ca/residents/immigration/choose/weather_en.html#P54_430 |title=City of Ottawa - Weather |publisher=Ottawa.ca |date= |accessdate=2011-06-07 |archive-date=2011-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108071646/http://www.ottawa.ca/residents/immigration/choose/weather_en.html#P54_430 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Suhu musim semi dan musim gugur tidak tentu, rentan terhadap perubahan suhu yang ekstrem dan perubahan tak terduga. Hari panas di atas {{convert|30|°C|0}} dapat terjadi paling cepat bulan [[Maret]] atau paling lambat bulan [[Oktober]]. Meskipun demikian, peristiwa seperti ini tidak biasa dan berlangsung singkat.<ref name=CCN/>
Rata-rata [[curah hujan]] tahunan sekitar {{convert|940|mm|0}}. Ottawa menerima rata-rata {{convert|915|mm|in|abbr=on}} dari total curah hujan setahun. Ada sekitar 2.060 jam sinar matahari rata-rata per tahun (47% dari total kemungkinan).<ref name="sunshine data"/>
{{Weather box
|collapsed = 1
|location = Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport (1971–2000)
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan maximum humidex= 13.1
|Feb maximum humidex= 14.6
|Mar maximum humidex= 30
|Apr maximum humidex= 35.1
|May maximum humidex= 38.2
|Jun maximum humidex= 44
|Jul maximum humidex= 46
|Aug maximum humidex= 45.7
|Sep maximum humidex= 42.5
|Oct maximum humidex= 33.7
|Nov maximum humidex= 26.1
|Dec maximum humidex= 18.4
|year maximum humidex=
|Jan record high C = 12.0
|Feb record high C = 14.2
|Mar record high C = 27.2
|Apr record high C = 31.1
|May record high C = 32.8
|Jun record high C = 36.1
|Jul record high C = 36.7
|Aug record high C = 37.8
|Sep record high C = 35.0
|Oct record high C = 27.8
|Nov record high C = 23.9
|Dec record high C = 16.3
|year record high C = 37.8
|Jan high C = −6.1
|Feb high C = −4.1
|Mar high C = 2.2
|Apr high C = 10.8
|May high C = 19.1
|Jun high C = 23.8
|Jul high C = 26.5
|Aug high C = 24.9
|Sep high C = 19.5
|Oct high C = 12.5
|Nov high C = 5.3
|Dec high C = −4.8
|year high C = 10.9
|Jan mean C= −10.8
|Feb mean C= −8.7
|Mar mean C= −2.5
|Apr mean C= 5.7
|May mean C= 13.4
|Jun mean C= 18.3
|Jul mean C= 20.9
|Aug mean C= 19.5
|Sep mean C= 14.3
|Oct mean C= 7.8
|Nov mean C= 1.25
|Dec mean C= −8.1
|year mean C= 6
|Jan low C = −15.3
|Feb low C = −13.3
|Mar low C = −7.1
|Apr low C = 0.6
|May low C = 7.7
|Jun low C = 12.7
|Jul low C = 15.4
|Aug low C = 14.1
|Sep low C = 9.1
|Oct low C = 3.0
|Nov low C = −2.8
|Dec low C = −11.3
|year low C = 1.1
|Jan record low C = −35.6
|Feb record low C = −36.1
|Mar record low C = −30.6
|Apr record low C = −16.7
|May record low C = −5.6
|Jun record low C = −0.1
|Jul record low C = 5
|Aug record low C = 2.6
|Sep record low C = −3.0
|Oct record low C = −7.8
|Nov record low C = −21.7
|Dec record low C = −34.4
|year record low C = −36.1
|Jan chill= −47.8
|Feb chill= −47.6
|Mar chill= −37.8
|Apr chill= −26.3
|May chill= −10.9
|Jun chill= −1.6
|Jul chill= 4.6
|Aug chill= 1.1
|Sep chill= −6.4
|Oct chill= −13.3
|Nov chill= −29.5
|Dec chill= −44.6
|year chill=
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 70.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 58.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 73.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 72.4
|May precipitation mm = 79.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 85.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 90.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 87.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 85.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 79.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 80.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 81.5
|year precipitation mm = 943.5
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 25.2
|Feb rain mm = 17.6
|Mar rain mm = 36.3
|Apr rain mm = 60.5
|May rain mm = 78.4
|Jun rain mm = 85.0
|Jul rain mm = 90.6
|Aug rain mm = 87.1
|Sep rain mm = 85.3
|Oct rain mm = 74.9
|Nov rain mm = 59.8
|Dec rain mm = 31.3
|year rain mm = 732
|Jan snow cm = 55.2
|Feb snow cm = 46.0
|Mar snow cm = 39.8
|Apr snow cm = 11.0
|May snow cm = 0.6
|Jun snow cm = 0
|Jul snow cm = 0
|Aug snow cm = 0
|Sep snow cm = 0
|Oct snow cm = 4.1
|Nov snow cm = 21.9
|Dec snow cm = 57.2
|year snow cm = 235.7
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
|unit rain days = 0.2 mm
|unit snow days = 0.2 cm
|Jan precipitation days = 17
|Feb precipitation days = 13.1
|Mar precipitation days = 13.6
|Apr precipitation days = 12.0
|May precipitation days = 12.9
|Jun precipitation days = 12.2
|Jul precipitation days = 11.6
|Aug precipitation days = 11.1
|Sep precipitation days = 12.7
|Oct precipitation days = 13.4
|Nov precipitation days = 15.3
|Dec precipitation days = 17.7
|Jan rain days = 4.5
|Feb rain days = 3.9
|Mar rain days = 7.1
|Apr rain days = 10.1
|May rain days = 12.8
|Jun rain days = 12.2
|Jul rain days = 11.6
|Aug rain days = 11.1
|Sep rain days = 12.7
|Oct rain days = 12.6
|Nov rain days = 10.4
|Dec rain days = 5.8
|Jan snow days = 16
|Feb snow days = 11.9
|Mar snow days = 9.5
|Apr snow days = 3.7
|May snow days = 0.3
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 1.4
|Nov snow days = 7.6
|Dec snow days = 15.2
|Jan humidity= 74
|Feb humidity= 72.1
|Mar humidity= 73
|Apr humidity= 72.5
|May humidity= 74.9
|Jun humidity= 79.6
|Jul humidity= 82.4
|Aug humidity= 86.8
|Sep humidity= 87.6
|Oct humidity= 83.4
|Nov humidity= 81.9
|Dec humidity= 79.8
|year humidity= 79
|Jan sun = 101.2
|Feb sun = 129.8
|Mar sun = 159.8
|Apr sun = 189.4
|May sun = 230.3
|Jun sun = 253.3
|Jul sun = 276.8
|Aug sun = 246.7
|Sep sun = 171.5
|Oct sun = 136.7
|Nov sun = 83.6
|Dec sun = 82
|year sun = 2061.1
|source 1 = Environment Canada<ref name=CCN>{{cite web
| url = http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=4337&autofwd=1
| title = Ottawa macdonald-cartier int'l a
| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000
| publisher = Environment Canada
| language = English & French
| accessdate = 2011-01-11
| archive-date = 2012-11-20
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121120181042/http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=4337&autofwd=1
| dead-url = yes
}}</ref>
|source 2= Environment Canada (sun only).<ref name="sunshine data">[http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=4333&prov=&lang=e&dCode=1&dispBack=1&StationName=ottawa_cda&SearchType=Contains&province=ALL&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12 Climate Normals for Ottawa 1971-2000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120180550/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=4333&prov=&lang=e&dCode=1&dispBack=1&StationName=ottawa_cda&SearchType=Contains&province=ALL&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12 |date=2012-11-20 }}, accessed 24 March 2012.</ref>
|date=December 2010
}}
== Hubungan internasional ==
Saat ini, Ottawa merupakan tuan rumah dari 130 kedutaan.<ref name="international1">{{cite web |url=http://w01.international.gc.ca/Protocol-Protocole/Heads-Chefs.aspx?lang=eng |title=Heads of Missions |publisher=W01.international.gc.ca |date=2009-10-27 |accessdate=2010-11-03 |archive-date=2009-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318010712/http://w01.international.gc.ca/Protocol-Protocole/Heads-Chefs.aspx?lang=eng |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sebuah lanjut 49 negara mengakreditasi kedutaan dan misi di [[Amerika Serikat]] untuk [[Kanada]].<ref name="international1"/>
;Kota kembar:
* {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Beijing]], China.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asiapacific.ca/fr/news/ottawa-and-beijing-sign-sister-cities-agreement |title=Ottawa and Beijing Sign Sister Cities Agreement | Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada |publisher=Asiapacific.ca |date= |accessdate=2011-08-08 |archive-date=2017-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712125100/http://www.asiapacific.ca/fr/news/ottawa-and-beijing-sign-sister-cities-agreement |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Tel Aviv]], Israel.
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
;Bibliograpfi
{{refbegin}}
* {{Citation
|last = Brault
|first = Lucien
|title = Ottawa Old and New
|year = 1946
|publisher = Ottawa historical information Institute
|publication-place =
|oclc = 2947504
}}
* {{cite book|first=Joan|last=Finnigan|title=Giants of Canada's Ottawa Valley|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=GbvECdC60GAC&pg=PP1|year=1981|publisher=GeneralStore PublishingHouse|isbn=978-0-919431-00-3|access-date=2012-04-06|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094540/https://books.google.com/books?id=GbvECdC60GAC&pg=PP1&hl=en|dead-url=no}}
* {{citation|first=James|last=Hale|title=Frommer's Ottawa|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=D-xZXkWpWtIC&pg=PT1|year=2011|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=9780470681589|accessdate=2012-04-06|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094540/https://books.google.com/books?id=D-xZXkWpWtIC&pg=PT1&hl=en|dead-url=no}}
* {{citation|first=Jeff|last=Keshen|coauthor=Nicole St-Onge|title=Ottawa--making a capital|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_Q9Bb4EiAyoC&pg=PP1|year=2001|publisher=University of Ottawa Press|isbn=9780776605210|accessdate=2012-04-06|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094540/https://books.google.com/books?id=_Q9Bb4EiAyoC&pg=PP1&hl=en|dead-url=no}}
* {{citation|first=David|last=Lee|title=Lumber kings & shantymen: logging and lumbering in the Ottawa Valley|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3ZLSf-I0XgIC&pg=PA1|year=2006|publisher=James Lorimer & Company|isbn=9781550289220|accessdate=2012-04-06|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094541/https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZLSf-I0XgIC&pg=PA1&hl=en|dead-url=no}}
* {{Citation
|last = Legget
|first = Robert
|title = Rideau Waterway
|year = 1986
|publisher = University of Toronto Press
|publication-place = Toronto
|isbn = 0802065910
|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=CaA4OpW4Ao0C&pg=PA252
|accessdate = 2012-04-06
|archive-date = 2023-02-19
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094541/https://books.google.com/books?id=CaA4OpW4Ao0C&pg=PA252&hl=en
|dead-url = no
}}
* {{Citation
|first=Carol
|last=Martin
|title=Ottawa: a colourguide
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gjUoa_r4LOIC&pg=PA1
|year=1997
|publisher=Formac Publishing Company
|isbn=9780887803963
|accessdate=2012-04-06
|archive-date=2023-02-19
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094541/https://books.google.com/books?id=gjUoa_r4LOIC&pg=PA1&hl=en
|dead-url=no
}}
* {{Citation
|last = Mika
|first = Nick & Helma
|title = Bytown: The Early Days of Ottawa
|year = 1982
|publisher = Mika Publishing Company
|publication-place = Belleville, Ont
|isbn = 0919303609
}}
* {{citation|first=Marion Van de|last=Wetering|title=An Ottawa album: glimpses of the way we were|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jRkxGw291AcC&pg=PA1|year=1997|publisher=Dundurn Press Ltd.|isbn=9780888821959|accessdate=2012-04-06|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094541/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkxGw291AcC&pg=PA1&hl=en|dead-url=no}}
* {{Citation
|last = Woods
|first = Shirley E. Jr.
|title = Ottawa: The Capital of Canada
|year = 1980
|publisher = Doubleday Canada
|publication-place = Toronto
|isbn = 0385147228
}}
{{refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{
* [http://www.ottawa.ca/ City of Ottawa's website]
*
* [http://www.ottawatourism.ca/ Ottawa Tourism]
* {{wikivoyage|Ottawa}}
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Ottawa
|North = ''[[Ottawa River]]'' / [[Pontiac, Quebec|Pontiac]], bridges to [[Gatineau]]
|Northeast = ''[[Ottawa River]]'' / [[Lochaber-Partie-Ouest, Quebec|Lochaber-Partie-Ouest]]
|East = [[Clarence-Rockland]]
|Southeast = [[Russell, Ontario|Russell]], [[The Nation, Ontario|The Nation]]
|South = [[North Grenville, Ontario|North Grenville]], [[North Dundas, Ontario|North Dundas]]
|Southwest = [[Merrickville-Wolford, Ontario|Merrickville-Wolford]]
|West = [[Mississippi Mills, Ontario|Mississippi Mills]]<br />[[Beckwith, Ontario|Beckwith]]<br />[[Montague, Ontario|Montague]]
|Northwest = [[Arnprior, Ontario|Arnprior]]
|image = Flag of Ontario.svg
}}
[[Kategori:Ottawa| ]]
[[Kategori:Ibu kota negara]]
[[Kategori:
| |||