Billy Graham: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox person
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|honorific-prefix = The Reverend
|honorific-suffix = [[KBE]]
|birth_date = {{birth date |1918|11|7}}
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|residence = [[Montreat, North Carolina|Montreat]], [[North Carolina]], Amerika Serikat
|nationality = [[Amerika Serikat]]
|death_date =[[21 Februari]] [[2018]] (umur 99)
|death_place =[[Montreat]], [[North Carolina]], [[Amerika Serikat]]
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|religion = [[Kristen]]
|denomination = [[Southern Baptist]]
|spouse = {{marriage|[[Ruth Graham]] |1943|2007}} (kematiannya)
|children = [[Franklin Graham|Franklin]], Nelson, Virginia, [[Anne Graham Lotz|Anne]] dan Ruth
|networth =
|website = [http://www.billygraham.org/ BillyGraham.org]
|signature = Billy Graham Signature.svg
}}
'''William Franklin Graham Jr.''' ({{lahirmati|[[Charlotte, Carolina Utara|Charlotte]], [[North Carolina|NC]], [[Amerika Serikat|AS]]|7|11|1918|[[Montreat, North Carolina|Montreat]], [[North Carolina|NC]], [[Amerika Serikat|AS]] | 21|2|2018}}) adalah tokoh kebangunan rohani di Amerika Serikat pada abad ke-20.
== Riwayat
William Franklin Graham atau Billy Graham dilahirkan dalam sebuah keluarga [[Baptis]] yang saleh di Charlotte, [[Amerika Serikat]], pada tahun 1918.<ref name="Wellem">{{id}} F.D. Wellem. 2003. Riwayat Hidup Singkat: Tokoh-tokoh dalam Sejarah Gereja. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hlm. 85-86.</ref
== Keluarga ==
Pada tanggal 13 Agustus [[1943]], Graham menikah dengan teman kuliahnya di Wheaton, [[Ruth Graham|Ruth Bell]] (1920–2007), yang orangtuanya bekerja sebagai misionaris Presbyterian di Tiongkok. Ayah Ruth, [[L. Nelson Bell]], adalah seorang dokter ahli bedah umum.<ref name="satevepost">{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-4151300.html |title=Billy Graham: the world is his pulpit |work=Saturday Evening Post |author=Stoddard, Maynard Good |publisher=Highbeam.com |date=March 1, 1986 |access-date=2015-08-17 |archive-date=2012-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106062406/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-4151300.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Ruth Graham meninggal pada tangal 14 Juni 2007, pada usia 87 tahun. Mereka telah menikah selama 64 tahun.
Graham dan istrinya mempunyai lima orang anak:
# '''Virginia Leftwich Graham''' (lahir tahun 1945; pembicara dan pengarang inspiratif);
# '''[[Anne Graham Lotz]]''' (lahir tahun 1948; menjalankan AnGeL ministries);
# '''Ruth Graham''' (lahir tahun 1950; pendiri dan presiden "Ruth Graham & Friends", memimpin berbagai konferensi di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada);
# '''[[Franklin Graham]]''' (lahir tahun 1952), menjabat sebagai presiden dan CEO [[Billy Graham Evangelistic Association]] dan sebagai presiden dan CEO organisasi internasional bantuan sosial, [[Samaritan's Purse]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samaritanspurse.org/ |title=Samaritan's Purse |publisher=Samaritanspurse.org |accessdate=May 12, 2011}}</ref>
# '''Nelson Edman Graham''' (lahir tahun 1958; pastor yang menjalankan East Gates Ministries International,<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228052237/http://www.eastgates.org/awordfrombg.html |archivedate=2009-02-28 |url=http://www.eastgates.org/awordfrombg.html |title=East Gates International |publisher=Eastgates.org |accessdate=May 12, 2011 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> yang mendistribusikan literatur Kristen di Tiongkok).
Graham mempunyai 19 cucu dan sejumlah cicit. Salah satu cucunya, [[Tullian Tchividjian]], putra dari Gigi, menjabat sebagai pastor senior di [[Coral Ridge Presbyterian Church]], [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]] sampai mundur dari jabatannya pada bulan Juni 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2015/06/21/billy-grahams-grandson-steps-down-from-florida-megachurch-after-admitting-an-affair/ |title=Billy Graham's grandson steps down from Florida megachurch after admitting an affair |author=Sarah Pulliam Bailey |date=June 21, 2015 |work=Washington Post |accessdate=June 23, 2015}}</ref>
== Tulisan ==
Graham menulis buku-buku berikut;<ref>Graham, Billy. ''Just As I Am''. New York: Harper Collins Worldwide, 1997. Copyright 1997 by the Billy Graham Evangelist Association.</ref> banyak yang menjadi "bestseller". Misalnya pada tahun 1970-an, buku "''The Jesus Generation'' terjual 200.000 jilid dalam dua minggu setelah penerbitan; ''Angels: God's Secret Agents'' laku 1 juta jilid dalam waktu 90 hari setelah dirilis; ''How to Be Born Again'' membuat sejarah percetakan dengan cetakan pertama sebanyak 800.000 jilid."<ref name="satevepost" />
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* ''Calling Youth to Christ'' (1947)
* ''America's Hour of Decision'' (1951)
* ''I Saw Your Sons at War'' (1953)
* ''Peace with God'' (1953, 1984)
* ''Freedom from the Seven Deadly Sins'' (1955)
* ''The Secret of Happiness'' (1955, 1985)
* ''Billy Graham Talks to Teenagers'' (1958)
* ''My Answer'' (1960)
* ''Billy Graham Answers Your Questions'' (1960)
* ''World Aflame'' (1965)
* ''The Challenge'' (1969)
* ''The Jesus Generation'' (1971)
* ''Angels: God's Secret Agents'' (1975, 1985)
* ''How to Be Born Again'' (1977)
* ''The Holy Spirit'' (1978)
* ''Evangelist to the World'' (1979)
* ''Till Armageddon'' (1981)
* ''Approaching Hoofbeats'' (1983)
* ''A Biblical Standard for Evangelists'' (1984)
* ''Unto the Hills'' (1986)
* ''Facing Death and the Life After'' (1987)
* ''Answers to Life's Problems'' (1988)
* ''Hope for the Troubled Heart'' (1991)
* ''Storm Warning'' (1992)
* ''Just As I Am: The Autobiography of Billy Graham'' (1997, 2007)
* ''Hope for Each Day'' (2002)
* ''The Key to Personal Peace'' (2003)
* ''Living in God's Love: The New York Crusade'' (2005)
* ''The Journey: How to Live by Faith in an Uncertain World'' (2006)
* ''Nearing Home: Life, Faith, and Finishing Well'' (2011)
* ''The Heaven Answer Book'' (2012)
* ''The Reason for My Hope: Salvation'' (2013)<ref>{{Cite book|author=B. Graham|title=The Reason for Hope: Salvation|url=http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0849947618/ref=ase_thomasnelsoni-20/#reader_0849947618|publisher=W Publisher Group|location=Nashville, Tennessee|year=2013|isbn=978-0-8499-4761-2}}</ref>
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== Penghargaan ==
Graham sering menerima penghargaan dari berbagai survei, termasuk "Greatest Living American" dan secara konsisten termasuk ke dalam daftar orang yang paling dikagumi di Amerika Serikat dan di dunia.<ref name="satevepost" /> Paling sering muncul dalam daftar [[The Gallup Organization|Gallup]] untuk orang-orang yang paling dikagumi.<ref name="century">{{cite news|title=The Billy pulpit: Graham's career in the mainline|url=http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/Christianity/2004/07/The-Billy-Pulpit.aspx|publisher=Christian Century|date=November 15, 2003|page=2|accessdate=August 18, 2007}}</ref> Sejak tahun 1955, Graham telah diakui oleh Gallup dengan rekor 55 kali (49 kali berturut-turut)— lebih dari orang lain dalam sejarahnya.
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In 1967, he was the first [[Protestant]] to receive an [[honorary degree]] from [[Belmont Abbey College]], a [[Roman Catholic]] school.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Friedman |first=Corey |publisher=Gaston Gazette |url=http://www.gastongazette.com/articles/belmont-38887-president-abbey.html |title=Former Belmont Abbey College president dies at 85 |date=October 10, 2009}}</ref>
Graham received the Big Brother of the Year Award for his work on behalf of children. He has been cited by the [[George Washington Carver]] Memorial Institute for his contributions to race relations. He has received the [[Templeton Prize|Templeton Foundation Prize for Progress in Religion]] and the [[Sylvanus Thayer Award]] for his commitment to "Duty, Honor, Country". The "Billy Graham Children's Health Center" in Asheville is named after and funded by Graham.<ref name="goldmedal">{{cite news |title=Billy and Ruth Graham awarded Congressional Gold Medal for service. |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071004211356/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18252882.html |archivedate=October 4, 2007 |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18252882.html |publisher=Knight-Ridder News Service |date=May 2, 1996 |accessdate=August 18, 2007}}</ref>
For hosting many [[Christian music]]al artists, Graham was inducted into the [[Gospel Music Hall of Fame]] in 1999 by the [[Gospel Music Association]].<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://veclip.com/tag/song-about-billy-graham.html |publisher=VE Clip |title=Song about Billy Graham}}</ref> Singer [[Michael W. Smith]] is active in Billy Graham Crusades as well as [[Samaritan's Purse]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Biography |url=http://www.michaelwsmith.com/bio.html |work=Michael W Smith}}</ref>
In 2000, former [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]] [[Nancy Reagan]] presented the [[Ronald Reagan Freedom Award]] to Graham. Graham has been a friend of the Reagans for years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reaganfoundation.org/programs/cpa/awards.asp |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20061016075344/http://www.reaganfoundation.org/programs/cpa/awards.asp |archivedate=October 16, 2006 |title=The Ronald Reagan Freedom Award |accessdate=February 24, 2007 |publisher=Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation}}</ref>
A professorial chair is named after him at the [[Alabama Baptist Convention|Alabama Baptist]]-affiliated [[Samford University]], the Billy Graham Professor of Evangelism and Church Growth.<ref name="nytimes03172002" /> His alma mater Wheaton College has an archive of his papers at the Billy Graham Center.<ref name="cincinnati post" /> The [[Southern Baptist Theological Seminary]] has the Billy Graham School of Missions, Evangelism and Ministry. Graham has received 20 honorary degrees and refused at least that many more.<ref name="satevepost" /> In [[San Francisco]], [[California]], the [[Bill Graham Civic Auditorium]] is sometimes erroneously called the "Billy Graham Civic Auditorium" and falsely considered to be named in his honor, but it is actually named after the rock and roll promoter [[Bill Graham (promoter)|Bill Graham]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.city-data.com/articles/Bill-Graham-Civic-Auditorium.html |title=Bill Graham Civic Auditorium |work=city-data.com |accessdate=March 21, 2014}}</ref>
On May 31, 2007, the $27 million [[Billy Graham Library]] was officially dedicated in Charlotte. Former presidents [[Jimmy Carter]], [[George H. W. Bush]], and [[Bill Clinton]] appeared to celebrate with Graham.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=3231108 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071019002545/http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=3231108 |archivedate=October 19, 2007 |publisher=ABC News |title=3 Ex-Presidents Open Graham Library}}</ref> A highway in Charlotte bears Graham's name,<ref name="washpostburial" /> as does [[Interstate 240 (North Carolina)|I-240]] near Graham's home in [[Asheville, North Carolina|Asheville]].
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Film ''[[Billy: The Early Years]]'' dirilis di gedung-gedung bioskop secara resmi pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2008, sebulan sebelum ulangtahun Graham ke-90.<ref name="christianpost">''[[The Christian Post]]'', [http://www.christianpost.com/article/20080729/billy-graham-movie-prepares-for-oct-10-release.htm ''Billy Graham Movie Prepares for Oct 10 Release''], June 29, 2008.</ref><!-- Graham has yet to comment on the film, but his son, Franklin released a critical statement on August 18, 2008, noting that the [[Billy Graham Evangelistic Association]] "has not collaborated with nor does it endorse the movie."<ref name="movie">[http://www.billygraham.org/News_Article.asp?ArticleID=358 BGEA] [[Billy Graham Evangelistic Association]], ''A response from Franklin Graham'', August 18, 2008</ref> Graham's eldest daughter Gigi, however, has praised the movie and has also been hired as a consultant to help promote the film.<ref name="christianpost.com">''[[The Christian Post]]'', [http://www.christianpost.com/article/20080826/franklin-graham-among-billy-movie-critics.htm ''Franklin Graham Among 'Billy' Movie Critics''], August 26, 2008</ref>
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=== Penghargaan lain ===
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* The [[Salvation Army]]'s Distinguished Service Medal
* [[Who's Who in America]] annually since 1954
* [[Freedoms Foundation]] Distinguished Persons Award (numerous years)
* Gold Medal Award, National Institute of Social Science, New York, 1957
* Annual Gutenberg Award of the Chicago Bible Society, 1962
* Gold Award of the George Washington Carver Memorial Institute, 1964, for contribution to race relations, presented by [[Jacob K. Javits|Senator Javits]] (NY)
* Speaker of the Year Award, 1964
* [[American Academy of Achievement]]'s [[List of Golden Plate awardees|Golden Plate Award]], 1965
* [[Horatio Alger Award]], 1965
* National Citizenship Award by the Military Chaplains Association of the U.S.A., 1965
* Wisdom Award of Honor, 1965
* The Torch of Liberty Plaque by the [[Anti-Defamation League]] of [[B'nai B'rith]], 1969
* George Washington Honor Medal from [[Freedoms Foundation]] of Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, for his sermon "The Violent Society," 1969 (also in 1974)
* Honored by [[Morality in Media]] for "fostering the principles of truth, taste, inspiration and love in media," 1969
* International Brotherhood Award from the [[National Conference of Christians and Jews]], 1971
* Distinguished Service Award from the [[National Association of Broadcasters]], 1972
* Franciscan International Award, 1972
* [[Sylvanus Thayer Award]] from United States Military Academy Association of Graduates at West Point (The most prestigious award the United States Military Academy gives to a U.S. citizen), 1972
* [[Direct Selling Association]]'s Salesman of the Decade award, 1975
* Philip Award from the Association of United Methodist Evangelists, 1976
* [[American Jewish Committee]]'s First National Interreligious Award, 1977
* [[Southern Baptist Radio and Television Commission]]'s Distinguished Communications Medal, 1977
* Jabotinsky Centennial Medal presented by The Jabotinsky Foundation, 1980
* Religious Broadcasting Hall of Fame award, 1981
* [[Templeton Foundation]] Prize for Progress in Religion award, 1982
* [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]], the nation's highest civilian award,1983
* [[National Religious Broadcasters]] Award of Merit, 1986
* North Carolina Award in Public Service, 1986
* [[Good Housekeeping]] Most Admired Men Poll, 1997, No. 1 for five years in a row and 16th time in top 10
* [[Congressional Gold Medal]] (along with wife Ruth), highest honor Congress can bestow on a private citizen, 1996
* Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation Freedom Award, for monumental and lasting contributions to the cause of freedom, 2000
* Honorary Knight Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (KBE) for his international contribution to civic and religious life over 60 years, 2001
* Many honorary degrees including [[University of Northwestern – St. Paul]], Minnesota, where Graham was once president, named its newest campus building the Billy Graham Community Life Commons.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unwsp.edu/web/10141/1611 |title=Northwestern Celebrates Billy Graham Community Life Commons Grand Opening |publisher=University of Northwestern – St. Paul website (unwsp.edu) |accessdate=January 2, 2014 |archive-date=2014-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194014/http://www.unwsp.edu/web/10141/1611 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
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== Lihat pula ==
* [[Man in the 5th Dimension]]
{{Portalbar|Biography|Christianity|United States}}
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
== Pustaka tambahan ==
{{
* {{Cite book|author=Aikman, David|title=Billy Graham: His Life and Influence|url=https://archive.org/details/billygrahamhisli0000aikm|location=Nashville|publisher=Thomas Nelson|year=2007|asin=B008JM5FE2}} short biography
* Himes, A. (2011). [http://www.worldcat.org/title/ ''Sword of the Lord: the roots of fundamentalism in an American family''] Seattle: Chiara Press.
* {{Cite journal |author=King, Randall E. |title=When worlds collide: Politics, religion, and media at the 1970 East Tennessee Billy Graham crusade |journal=Journal of Church & State |year=1997 |volume=39#2 |pages=273–95 |doi=10.1093/jcs/39.2.273 |issue=2}}
* {{Cite book|author=Long, Michael G. ed.|title=The Legacy of Billy Graham: Critical Reflections on America's Greatest Evangelist|year=2008|asin=B002LE87N0}} scholarly essays
* {{Cite book|author=Martin, William|title=A Prophet with Honor: The Billy Graham Story|publisher=Zondervan|year=2007|location=Grand Rapids|isbn=0-310-24198-7}} scholarly biography, updated from 1991 edition published by William Morrow.
* {{Cite book|author=Martin, William|title=Prophet with Honor: The Billy Graham Story|publisher=Zonderkidz|year=2013|location=Grand Rapids|asin=B004HOV0CW}} Middle-school version.
* {{Cite book|author=Miller, Steven P.|title=Billy Graham and the Rise of the Republican South|url=https://archive.org/details/billygrahamriseo0000mill|year=2009|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-4151-8}}
* {{Cite book|author=Pollock, John|title=Billy Graham: Evangelist to the World|year=1979|publisher=|isbn=0060666919}}
* {{Cite book|author=Sherwood, Timothy H.|title=The Rhetorical Leadership of Fulton J. Sheen, Norman Vincent Peale, and Billy Graham in the Age of Extremes|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2013|pages=1–158|asin=B00E1CYKCC}}
* {{Cite book|author=Strober, Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober|title=Billy Graham: A Narrative and Oral Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/billygrahamorala00stro|year=2006|publisher=Jossey-Bass|isbn=978-0-78-79-8401-4}}
* {{Cite journal |author=Wacker, Grant |title=Billy Graham's America |journal=Church History |year=2009 |volume=78#3 |pages=489–511 |doi=10.1017/S0009640709990400 |issue=3}} scholarly overview
* {{Cite book|author=Wacker, Grant|title=America's Pastor: Billy Graham and the Shaping of a Nation|url=https://archive.org/details/americaspastorbi0000wack|year=2006|publisher=Jossey-Bass|isbn=978-0-674-05218-5}}
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== Pranala luar ==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|v=no|n=no|s=no|b=no|d=no|voy=no|species=no}}
* {{Official website|1=http://www.billygraham.org/}}
* [http://www2.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/exhibits/NYC57/16sample88.htm 1957 event in Times Square] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105075907/http://www2.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/exhibits/NYC57/16sample88.htm |date=2013-11-05 }}, streaming video clip
* [http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/Graham-B/GrahamB.asp Monroe Billington, Oral History Interview with Billy Graham] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000818173056/http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/Graham-B/GrahamB.asp |date=2000-08-18 }}, October 12, 1983, transcript, Lyndon Baines Johnson Library
* {{TED speaker|billy_graham}}
[[Kategori:Tokoh Kristen Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Teolog Amerika Serikat]]
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