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{{About|Daerah administratif khusus RRT|kegunaan lain|Hong Kong (disambiguasi)|dan|HK (disambiguasi)}}
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{{Hong Kong infobox}}
'''Hong Kong''' ({{zh|c=香港}}, {{small|[[Bahasa Kanton|Kanton]]:}} {{IPA-yue|hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ||Yue-heung1gong2.ogg}}); resminya '''Provinsi Otonomi Khusus Hong Kong''') adalah sebuah provinsi swatantra yang terletak di bagian tenggara [[Tiongkok]] di [[estuari]] [[Sungai Mutiara (Tiongkok)|Sungai Mutiara]].<ref name="censtatd">{{cite web
|url=http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_810/geog.pdf
|title=Geography and Climate, Hong Kong
|publisher=Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Government
|accessdate=10 January 2007
|archive-date=2007-06-14
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614093858/http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_810/geog.pdf
|dead-url=no
}}</ref> Hong Kong terkenal dengan perkembangannya yang pesat, pelabuhan laut dalam alami, dan kepadatan penduduk yang sangat tinggi (sekitar 7 juta jiwa pada lahan seluas {{convert|1104|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ash|first=Russell|authorlink=Russell Ash|title=The Top 10 of Everything 2007|url=https://archive.org/details/top10ofeverythin0000ashr_u2s3|publisher=[[Hamlyn (publishers)|Hamlyn]]
|isbn=0-600-61532-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/top10ofeverythin0000ashr_u2s3/page/78 78]|year=2006 }}</ref> Penduduk Hong Kong saat ini terdiri dari 93.6% etnis Tionghoa.<ref name="census1">{{Cite report|date=February 2012|title=2011 Population Census – Summary Results|url=http://www.census2011.gov.hk/pdf/summary-results.pdf|publisher=[[Census and Statistics Department (Hong Kong)|Census and Statistics Department]]|accessdate=5 September 2013|format=PDF|archive-date=2019-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021224429/https://www.census2011.gov.hk/pdf/summary-results.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sebagian besar dari penduduk Hong Kong yang berbahasa Kanton berasal dari Provinsi [[Guangdong]],<ref name="cicred">{{cite journal|url=http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Publications/pdf/c-c21.pdf|last=Fan Shuh Ching|title=The Population of Hong Kong|work=World Population Year|publisher=[[Cicred|Committee for International Coordination of National Research in Demography]]|year=1974|pages=18–20|accessdate=25 August 2010|archive-date=2019-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024134938/http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Publications/pdf/c-c21.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> di mana penduduk dengan keterampilan melarikan diri ketika pemerintah [[Komunis]] menguasai Tiongkok tahun 1949.<ref>Second paragraph reads, "The first wave of refugees came to Hong Kong in the 1930s to escape from the Chinese Civil War and the Sino-Japanese War, but it wasn't until 1949, during the Chinese exodus, when an estimated one million-plus mainland Chinese started coming into the city via the northern borders. Many people, mostly anti-communist Kuomintang officials and capitalists, rushed to Hong Kong in search of refuge." {{cite web |last = |first = |title =A history of refugees in Hong Kong |work = |publisher =Time Out Hong Kong – Know your City |date =18 June 2013 |url =http://www.timeout.com.hk/feature-stories/features/59040/a-history-of-refugees-in-hong-kong.html |doi = |accessdate =9 September 2013 |archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20130810121844/http://www.timeout.com.hk/feature-stories/features/59040/a-history-of-refugees-in-hong-kong.html |archivedate =2013-08-10 |dead-url =yes }}</ref><ref>Page 16, "The turmoil on the mainland, leading to the defeat of the Nationalists and takeover by the Communists in 1949, unleashed a torrent of refugees – both rich and poor -into Hong Kong."{{cite book|last =|first =|authorlink =|title = Hong Kong: Facts about Hong Kong -History|publisher = [[Lonely Planet]]|series =|volume =|edition =10th|year =2002|location = Hong Kong|page = [https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanethong00unse/page/16 16]|url =https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanethong00unse|doi =|id =|isbn =1864502304|mr =|zbl =|jfm = }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = Veterans who fled mainland for Hong Kong in 1970s tell their stories|newspaper = [[South China Morning Post]]|location = Hong Kong|pages = |publisher = |url = http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1120852/veterans-who-fled-mainland-hong-kong-1970s-tell-their-stories|accessdate = 9 September 2013|archive-date = 2013-10-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131016112218/http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1120852/veterans-who-fled-mainland-hong-kong-1970s-tell-their-stories|dead-url = no}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last = Carroll|first = John|authorlink =|title =A Concise History of Hong Kong|publisher = Rowman & Littlefield|series =|volume =|edition =|year =2007|location =|page = [https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0000carr/page/127 127]|url =https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0000carr|doi =|id =|isbn =978-0742534223|mr =|zbl =|jfm = }}</ref>
Setelah kekalahan Tiongkok di [[Perang Opium Pertama]] (1839–42) dari [[Kerajaan Inggris]], Hong Kong menjadi jajahan Inggris dengan diserahkannya [[Pulau Hong Kong]], kemudian diikuti [[Semenanjung Kowloon]] tahun 1860 dan penyewaan 99 tahun [[Wilayah Baru|New Territories]] tahun 1898. Setelah [[Pendudukan Jepang di Hong Kong|diduduki oleh Jepang]] selama [[Perang Dunia II]] (1941–45), Inggris kembali menguasai Hong Kong hingga 30 Juni 1997. Sebagai hasil dari perundingan antara Tiongkok dan Inggris, Hong Kong diserahkan ke [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]] melalui [[Deklarasi Bersama Tiongkok-Britania]] tahun 1984. Kota ini menjadi [[Daerah Administratif Khusus]] pertama di Tiongkok melalui asas "[[Satu Negara Dua Sistem|satu negara, dua sistem]]".<ref name="BasicLawC4S4">{{cite web|url=http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/chapter_4.html#section_4|title=Basic Law, Chapter IV, Section 4|publisher=Basic Law Promotion Steering Committee|accessdate=10 November 2009|archive-date=2015-01-27|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VtI2zRGN?url=http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/chapter_4.html#section_4|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="RusellP">{{cite book|last=Russell|first=Peter H.|first2=David M.|last2=O'Brien|title=Judicial Independence in the Age of Democracy: Critical Perspectives from around the World|year=2001|publisher=[[University of Virginia Press]]|isbn=978-0-8139-2016-0|page=306}}</ref>
Di akhir 1970-an, Hong Kong berkembang menjadi penghubung perdagangan utama dan [[pusat keuangan]] dunia, dan dianggap sebagai salah satu [[kota global]]. Kota ini menempati urutan kelima pada Indeks Kota Global 2014 setelah [[New York City]], [[London]], [[Tokyo]] dan [[Paris]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/4461492/Global+Cities+Present+and+Future-GCI+2014.pdf/3628fd7d-70be-41bf-99d6-4c8eaf984cd5 |title=2014 Global Cities Index and Emerging Cities Outlook |format=PDF |accessdate=April 2014 |archive-date=2014-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925060106/http://www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/4461492/global+cities+present+and+future-gci+2014.pdf/3628fd7d-70be-41bf-99d6-4c8eaf984cd5 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Kota ini memiliki pendapatan per kapita yang tinggi dan mengalami ketimpangan ekonomi yang parah.<ref name="imf2"/> Kota ini juga memiliki [[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia]] yang tinggi.<ref name="GCI">{{cite web|url=http://www3.weforum.org/docs/CSI/2012-13/GCR_Rankings_2012-13.pdf|title=Global Competitiveness Index 2012–2013|year=2012|accessdate=8 June 2013|archive-date=2019-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325005948/http://www3.weforum.org/docs/CSI/2012-13/GCR_Rankings_2012-13.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> Hong Kong adalah pusat keuangan ketiga terpenting setelah New York dan London.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longfinance.net/images/GFCI16_22September2014.pdf|title=The Global Financial Centres Index 16|date=September 2014|accessdate=December 10, 2014|publisher=Long Finance|archive-date=2015-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903230616/http://www.longfinance.net/images/GFCI16_22September2014.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ekonomi berbasis jasa, dicirikan dengan pajak rendah dan perdagangan bebas, dan mata uang negara ini ([[Dolar Hong Kong]]) adalah mata uang paling banyak diperdagangkan kedelapan di dunia.<ref name="bis.org">{{cite journal|url=http://www.bis.org/publ/rpfxf10t.pdf|title=Triennial Central Bank Survey: Report on global foreign exchange market activity in 2010|date=December 2010|work=Monetary and Economic Department|page=12|publisher=[[Bank for International Settlements]]|accessdate=15 October 2011|archive-date=2011-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027080843/http://www.bis.org/publ/rpfxf10t.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Keterbatasan lahan menjadikan infrastrukturnya padat dengan arsitektur modern, menjadikan Hong Kong sebagai kota paling vertikal di dunia.<ref name="timeout"/><ref name="skyscraper"/> Hong Kong memiliki jaringan [[Transportasi di Hong Kong|angkutan umum]] yang sangat baik, dan 90% penduduk menggunakan angkutan umum, baik kereta maupun bus.<ref name="TD"/><ref name="pubtransport"/>
== Sejarah ==
[[Berkas:Flag of Hong Kong 1959.svg|200px|ka|jmpl|Bendera penjajahan Hong Kong (1959–1997)]]
Wilayah Hong Kong diperkirakan sudah mulai ditinggali manusia sejak [[zaman Neolitikum]] namun baru dikenal secara luas saat Hong Kong diserahkan kepada [[Britania Raya]] setelah [[Perang Opium]]
Dalam [[Konvensi Peking|Perjanjian Peking]] tahun [[1860]] setelah [[Perang Opium Kedua]], [[Semenanjung Kowloon]] dan [[Stonecutters Island]] diserahkan kepada [[Britania Raya]] sedangkan [[Wilayah Baru|New Territories]], termasuk [[Pulau Lantau]], disewakan pada Britania untuk 99 tahun sejak [[1 Juli]] [[1898]] dan berakhir [[30 Juni]] [[1997]].
=== Zaman dinasti ===
=== Di bawah kekuasaan Inggris ===
Dalam [[Konvensi Peking|Pejanjian Peking]] tahun [[1860]] setelah [[Perang Opium Kedua]], [[Semenanjung Kowloon]] dan [[Stonecutters Island]] diserahkan kepada [[Britania Raya]] sedangkan [[Wilayah Baru|New Territories]], termasuk [[Pulau Lantau]], disewakan pada Britania untuk 99 tahun sejak [[1 Juli]] [[1898]] dan berakhir [[30 Juni]] [[1997]]. Pada pertengahan abad ke-20, tumbuh gerakan [[nasionalisme]] di negara-negara jajahan dan banyak yang merdeka. Hong Kong adalah salah satu daerah [[Imperium Britania|kolonial terakhir Inggris]].{{Sfn|Patten|1998|p=3-5}}
Hong Kong adalah kota maritim yang dilewati kapal-kapal dagang. Terjadi percampuran budaya [[Dunia Timur|Timur]] dan [[Dunia Barat|Barat]] di sana. Di saat itu, Hong Kong adalah salah satu kota termaju di dunia. Hal ini ditandai dengan rendahnya angka [[Kriminal|kejahatan]], berdirinya rumah-rumah asuh untuk lansia dan difabel. Setelah [[Perang Dunia II]], banyak pengungsi mendatangi Hong Kong dan memulai hidup baru.{{Sfn|Patten|1998|p=14-15}}
Dalam rapat pada 1982 tentang persiapan penyerahan kedaulatan, [[Deng Xiaoping]], tokoh Tiongkok mengajukan ide '[[satu negara dua sistem]]'. Ide ini dibahas dalam beberapa pertemuan hingga menghasilkan [[Deklarasi Bersama Tiongkok-Britania|Deklarasi Bersama]] pada 1984. Intinya adalah Tiongkok mempertahankan sistem pemerintahan di Hong Kong hingga 50 tahun setelah penyerahan kedaulatan.{{Sfn|Patten|1998|p=20}}
== Demografi ==
[[Berkas:Hong Kong Budha.jpg|jmpl|[[Tian Tan Buddha|Big Buddha]], di [[Pulau Lantau]], Hong Kong]]
[[Berkas:HK WongTaiSinTemple.JPG|jmpl|[[Kuil Wong Tai Sin (Hong Kong)|Kuil Wong Tai Sin]]]]
[[Berkas:Hkcatholiccathedral.jpg|jmpl|[[Katedral Dikandung Tanpa Noda (Hong Kong)|Katedral Dikandung Tanpa Noda]] di Hong Kong]]
Penduduk kawasan ini tahun 2011 adalah 7,07 juta jiwa, dengan pertumbuhan rata-rata sebesar 0,6% per tahun selama 5 tahun terakhir.<ref name="census1"/> Penduduk dari Tiongkok daratan tidak memiliki hak untuk menetap di Hong Kong atau bepergian dengan bebas ke sini.<ref name="immd">{{cite web|url=http://www.immd.gov.hk/ehtml/hksarvepid.htm|title= Right of Abode in HKSAR—Verification of Eligibility for Permanent Identity Card|publisher=[[Immigration Department (Hong Kong)|Immigration Department]], Hong Kong Government|date=5 June 2007|accessdate=1 February 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119033446/http://www.immd.gov.hk/ehtml/hksarvepid.htm<!--Added by H3llBot-->|archivedate=19 January 2008}}</ref> Meski begitu, pendatang dari Tiongkok, jumlahnya sekitar 45.000 per tahun, adalah penyumbang terbesar terhadap pertambahan penduduk.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hkclic.org/en/topics/immigration/for_non_residents/q1.shtml |title=Who is entitled to sponsor family members to come to live in Hong Kong? If I am a lawful resident of Hong Kong, can my family members in the Mainland (or elsewhere) apply to immigrate to Hong Kong? |publisher=Community Legal Information Centre |accessdate=4 November 2009 |archive-date=2010-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526082139/http://www.hkclic.org/en/topics/immigration/for_non_residents/q1.shtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Angka harapan hidup di Hong Kong adalah 79.16 tahun untuk pria dan 84.79 tahun untuk wanita per 2009, menjadikannya salah satu yang tertinggi di dunia.<ref name="cia"/>
Sekitar 93.6% penduduk Hong Kong merupakan keturunan Tionghoa,<ref name="census1"/> kebanyakan di antaranya adalah orang [[Orang Taishan di Hong Kong|Taishan]], [[orang Teochew|Chiu Chow]], [[orang Kanton|Kanton]], dan [[orang Hakka|Hakka]]. Suku Han di Hong Kong mayoritas dari provinsi Guangzhou dan [[Taishan]] di provinsi Guangdong.<ref name="cicred"/> Sisa 6,4% adalah non-Tionghoa.<ref name=census1/> Beberapa di antaranya adalah orang India, Pakistan, Nepal, atau pengungsi Vietnam yang telah menjadi penduduk permanen di Hong Kong. Ada juga sejumlah orang Inggris, Amerika, Kanada, Korea, dan Jepang yang bekerja di bidang komersial dan keuangan.{{#tag:ref|The results of the 2006 census showed that the "white" population had declined from 46,584 in 2001 to 36,384, a decline of 22 percent.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.globalautoindustry.com/article.php?id=2764&jaar=2008&maand=7&target=China|title=Counting Expat Numbers a Complex Task (Hong Kong)|date=July 2008|publisher=Global Auto Industry|accessdate=30 August 2010|archive-date=2011-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429092605/http://www.globalautoindustry.com/article.php?id=2764&jaar=2008&maand=7&target=China|dead-url=yes}}</ref>|group=note}} Tahun 2008, diperkirakan ada 252.500 pekerja domestik dari [[Indonesia]] dan [[Filipina]] yang bekerja di Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite book|title=Application of International Labour Standards 2009 (I)|author=International Labour Office|year=2009|publisher=[[International Labour Organization]]|isbn=92-2-120634-3|page=640}}</ref>
[[Berkas:City masjid.JPG|jmpl|kiri|Mosque, Tsim Tsa Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong]]
Bahasa resmi Hong Kong secara ''de facto'' adalah [[Kanton Standar|Kanton]], bahasa Mandarin dari provinsi Guangdong.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jmsc.hku.hk/hkstories/content/view/97/35/|last=Westra|first=Nick|date=5 June 2007|title=Hong Kong as a Cantonese speaking city|publisher=[[Journalism and Media Studies Centre]], University of Hong Kong|accessdate=14 November 2009|archive-date=2012-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610034916/http://jmsc.hku.hk/hkstories/content/view/97/35/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Bahasa Inggris juga merupakan bahasa utama, menurut sensus 1996 diperkirakan dipakai oleh 3,1% penduduk sebagai penutur sehari-hari dan 34,9% sebagai bahasa kedua.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/english-usage/ice/icehk.htm|title=ICE Hong Kong|publisher=[[University College London]]|accessdate=1 February 2008|archive-date=2009-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203133215/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/english-usage/ice/icehk.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref> Tanda bertuliskan Mandarin dan Inggris umum di semua kawasan. Semenjak 1997, pendatang dari Tiongkok serta hubungan yang lebih besar dengan negara tersebut mendorong berkembangnya bahasa [[Mandarin Standar|Mandarin]] di Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/Linguistics/Papers08/Yum.pdf|last=Yum|first=Cherry|title=Which Chinese? Dialect Choice in Philadelphia's Chinatown|year=2007|publisher=[[Haverford College]]|accessdate=25 August 2010|archive-date=2011-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414022440/http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/Linguistics/Papers08/Yum.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Sebagian besar penduduk Hong Kong tidak beragama, entah agnostik maupun ateis.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bmm.org/BMM/WhereWeServe/Asia/hongkong.htm |title=Hong Kong |publisher=Bmm.org |date=1 July 1997 |accessdate=2 November 2011 |archive-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927073506/http://www.bmm.org/BMM/WhereWeServe/Asia/hongkong.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Menurut US Department of State, hanya 43% dari warganya yang beragama.<ref name="state.gov">{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2010/148863.htm#hong_kong |title=China (Includes Tibet, Hong Kong, Macau) |publisher=State.gov |accessdate=2 November 2011 |archive-date=2011-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102042515/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2010/148863.htm#hong_kong |dead-url=no }}</ref> Beberapa laporan malah lebih tinggi, menurut survei Gallup, 64% penduduk Hong Kong tidak percaya pada agama mana pun,<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Marita |last=Carballo|title=RELIGION IN THE WORLD AT THE END OF THE MILLENNIUM|url=http://www.gallup-international.com/ContentFiles/millennium15.asp|publisher=[[Gallup International Association]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720050317/http://www.gallup-international.com/ContentFiles/millennium15.asp|archivedate=20 July 2011 |accessdate=11 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.countdown.org/end/apostasy_04.htm |title=Apostasy |publisher=Countdown.org |accessdate=2 November 2011 |archive-date=2011-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725200439/http://www.countdown.org/end/apostasy_04.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> dan kemungkinan,sekitar 80% dari penduduk Hongkong tidak beragama.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slidefinder.net/h/hong_kong_youth_know_practice/7539973 |title=Do Hong Kong youth know how to practice safe sex? |publisher=Slidefinder.net |date=14 January 2010 |accessdate=2 November 2011 |archive-date=2011-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007195631/http://www.slidefinder.net/h/hong_kong_youth_know_practice/7539973 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Hong Kong menikmati kebebasan beragama yang tinggi yang dijamin oleh Hukum Dasar. Agama utama di Hong Kong adalah [[Buddhisme]], [[Taoisme]], dan [[Konfusianisme]]; diperkirakan ada sekitar 1,5 juta pemeluk Buddha dan Tao.<ref name="state.gov"/> Pemeluk [[Kristen]] berjumlah 833.000 orang, sekitar 11.7% dari total populasi;<ref name="Hong Kong 2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2010/en/pdf/E18.pdf |title=Hong Kong Year Book (2010): Chapter 18 – Religion and Custom |format=PDF |accessdate=26 October 2013 |archive-date=2018-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708081151/http://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2010/en/pdf/E18.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref> Protestan jumlahnya lebih banyak daripada Katolik dengan perbandingan sekitar 4:3, meski ada beberapa kelompok kecil Kristen lain yang sangat kecil seperti <ref>{{cite web|url=http://lds.org/temples/main/0,11204,1912-1-84-0,00.html|title=Hong Kong China Temple|publisher=[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]|accessdate=30 September 2010|archive-date=2010-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407024109/http://www.lds.org/temples/main/0,11204,1912-1-84-0,00.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Mormonisme|Mormon]]. Ada juga pemeluk [[Sikh]], [[Islam Syiah]], [[Yahudi]], [[Hindu]] dan [[Kepercayaan Bahá'í|Bahá'í]].<ref name = "onnxty">{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90133.htm#hk|title=International Religious Freedom Report 2007 – Hong Kong|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|year=2007|accessdate=16 May 2009|archive-date=2009-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517114511/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90133.htm#hk|dead-url=no}}</ref>
=== Pendidikan ===
[[Berkas:The University of Hong Kong.jpg|jmpl|[[Universitas Hong Kong]]|alt=3-storey red brick building with gabled roof adjacent to 7-storey modern building with flat roof.]]
Awalnya,sistem pendidikan di Hong Kong mengikuti [[Pendidikan di Inggris|standar pendidikan Inggris]],<ref name="HKUChan">{{cite book|last=Chan|first=Shun-hing|last2=Leung|first2=Beatrice|year=2003|title=Changing Church and State Relations in Hong Kong, 1950–2000|publisher=[[Hong Kong University Press]]|page=24|isbn=962-209-612-3}}</ref> meskipun ada juga sistem internasional. Pemerintah tetap mempertahankan kebijakan penggunaan "bahasa ibu" ({{zh|t=母語教學|links=no}}) yaitu bahasa Kanton,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edb.gov.hk/index.aspx?nodeID=1909&langno=2|script-title=zh:母語教學小冊子|trans_title=Mother Tongue Instruction Handbook|language=Chinese|publisher=Education Bureau, Hong Kong Government|accessdate=4 November 2009|archive-date=2009-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209100914/http://www.edb.gov.hk/index.aspx?nodeID=1909&langno=2|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dan penulisan dalam Mandarin dan Inggris, dengan beberapa sekolah menggunakan bahasa Inggris sebagai pengantar. Di sekolah menengah, ditekankan kemampuan dwibahasa dan tribahasa, dan pendidikan berbahasa Mandarin juga semakin meningkat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.edb.gov.hk/index.aspx?nodeID=1901&langno=1 |title=Policy for Secondary Schools -Medium of Instruction Policy for Secondary Schools |publisher=Education Bureau, Hong Kong Government |accessdate=4 November 2009 |archive-date=2009-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111005741/http://www.edb.gov.hk/index.aspx?nodeID=1901&langno=1 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[Program Penilaian Siswa Internasional]] memeringkatkan sistem pendidikan Hong Kong sebagai yang terbaik kedua dunia.<ref name="OECD">{{cite web|url=http://www.pisa.oecd.org/document/2/0,3343,en_32252351_32236191_39718850_1_1_1_1,00.html|title=PISA 2006 Science Competencies for Tomorrow's World|year=2006|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]]|accessdate=14 December 2007|archive-date=2018-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304160008/http://www.pisa.oecd.org/document/2/0,3343,en_32252351_32236191_39718850_1_1_1_1,00.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Sekolah negeri Hong Kong dijalankan oleh [[Biro Pendidikan]]. Sistem ini terdiri dari taman anak-anak 3 tahun tak wajib, pendidikan dasar wajib 6 tahun, pendidikan menengah pertama wajib 3 tahun, pendidikan menengah atas wak wajib 2 tahun yang bisa mendapatkan [[Sertifikat Ujian Pendidikan Hong Kong]] dan matrikulasi 2 tahun untuk mendapatkan [[Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edb.gov.hk/index.aspx?nodeID=97&langno=1|title=Kindergarten, Primary and Secondary Education|publisher=Education Bureau, Hong Kong Government|accessdate=1 February 2008|archive-date=2012-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101073837/http://www.edb.gov.hk/index.aspx?nodeID=97&langno=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Struktur pendidikan dan kurikulum baru yang mulai dijalankan tahun 2009 mewajibkan seluruh siswa untuk menerima pendidikan wajib 3 tahun di sekolah menengah pertama dan 3 tahun wajib di sekolah menengah atas.<ref name=nss>{{cite web|url=http://www.edb.gov.hk/index.aspx?nodeID=2063&langno=1|title=Programme Highlights|work=Hong Kong Government|accessdate=20 October 2010|archive-date=2011-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928114909/http://www.edb.gov.hk/index.aspx?nodeID=2063&langno=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="HKEduLi">{{cite news|url=http://news.gov.hk/en/category/ontherecord/050518/html/050518en11001.htm|title=Creating a better education system|last=Li|first=Arthur|date=18 May 2005|publisher=Hong Kong Government|accessdate=17 August 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303190339/http://www.news.gov.hk/en/category/ontherecord/050518/html/050518en11001.htm|archivedate=3 March 2008}}</ref> Dengan kurikulum baru, hanya ada satu ujian yaitu [[Diploma Pendidikan Menengah Hong Kong]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/hkdse/|title=HKDSE|date=12 October 2010|work=Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority|accessdate=20 October 2010|archive-date=2010-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016060315/http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/en/HkDSE|dead-url=no}}</ref>
Ada 8 perguruan tinggi negeri dan 1 perguruan tinggi swasta di Hong Kong, yang paling tua adalah [[Universitas Hong Kong]] (HKU), didirikan 1910–1912.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hku.hk/about/university-history/the-early-years.html|title=History of HKU|access-date=2015-02-19|archive-date=2012-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815215947/http://www.hku.hk/about/university-history/the-early-years.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Chinese University of Hong Kong]] didirikan tahun 1963 untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pendidikan tingkat perguruan tinggi dengan bahasa Mandarin.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Report of the Fulton Commission, 1963: Commission to Advise on the Creation of a Federal-Type Chinese University in Hong Kong|journal=Minerva|date=Summer 1963|volume=1|issue=4|pages=493–507|url=http://books.google.com/books/about/Report_of_the_Fulton_Commission_1963.html?id=ZjU4AAAAMAAJ|deadurl=no|accessdate=30 April 2014|archive-date=2023-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211031219/https://books.google.com/books/about/Report_of_the_Fulton_Commission_1963.html?id=ZjU4AAAAMAAJ&hl=en}}</ref> Persaingan di antara siswa untuk diterima masuk universitas makin tinggi, seiring dengan semakin sedikitnya kursi yang tersedia, terutama untuk bidang studi yang hanya ditawarkan beberapa [[pendidikan tinggi]] seperti [[MBBS|kedokteran]] yang hanya ada di [[Fakultas Kedokteran Li Ka Shing]] di Universitas Hong Kong dan [[Sekolah Kedokteran CUHK]] di Chinese University of Hong Kong. Selain lembaga pendidikan negeri, ada juga beberapa [[Pendidikan Tinggi di Hong Kong#Institut|institusi pendidikan swasta]] yang menawarkan program diploma dan pendidikan setingkat sarjana untuk mereka yang ditolak diterima di perguruan tinggi, beberapa siswa dapat memiliki kesempatan kedua diterima di perguruan tinggi jika mereka bisa mendapatkan nilai baik disini.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-06-05/hong-kong-says-international-schools-can-t-meet-primary-demand|title=Hong Kong Says International Schools Can't Meet Primary Demand|first=Hwee Ann|last=Tan|date=5 June 2013|publisher=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]|accessdate=9 June 2013|archive-date=2014-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410004856/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-06-05/hong-kong-says-international-schools-can-t-meet-primary-demand|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Global Tourism Higher Education: Past, Present, and Future|isbn=9781136448478|first=Cathy|last=Hsu|date=12 November 2012|publisher=[[Routledge]]|pages=139–142}}</ref>
=== Kesehatan ===
Ada 13 rumah sakit swasta dan lebih dari 40 rumah sakit umum di Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ha.org.hk/visitor/ha_visitor_index.asp?Content_ID=10084&Lang=ENG&Dimension=100&Parent_ID=10042 | title=Clusters, Hospitals & Institutions | publisher=Hospital Authority | accessdate=9 May 2013 | archive-date=2018-10-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024192058/http://www.ha.org.hk/visitor/ha_visitor_index.asp?Content_ID=10084&Lang=ENG&Dimension=100&Parent_ID=10042 | dead-url=no }}</ref> Tidak banyak interaksi antara pelayanan kesehatan umum dan swasta.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/china/hong-kong/practical-information/health |title=Health & safety |publisher=Lonely Planet |accessdate=10 May 2013 |archive-date=2018-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919123533/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/china/hong-kong/practical-information/health |dead-url=no }}</ref> Rumah sakit di kota ini menyediakan berbagai macam pelayanan kesehatan, dan beberapa rumah sakit di antaranya termasuk rumah sakit kelas dunia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.healthcareawards2012.theneweconomy.com/private-hospitals-in-hong-kong/ |title=Private Hospitals in Hong Kong |publisher=The New Economy |accessdate=9 May 2013 |archive-date=2018-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929233205/http://www.healthcareawards2012.theneweconomy.com/private-hospitals-in-hong-kong/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> Menurut perkiraan PBB, Hong Kong adalah salah satu negara yang memiliki angka [[harapan hidup]] tertinggi di dunia.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.livescience.com/22005-highest-and-lowest-life-expectancy-at-birth-infographic.html | title=Life Expectancy Around the World | publisher=LiveScience | date=1 August 2012 | access-date=2015-02-19 | archive-date=2018-10-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022150257/https://www.livescience.com/22005-highest-and-lowest-life-expectancy-at-birth-infographic.html | dead-url=no }}</ref> Per 2012, perempuan Hong Kong memiliki usia hidup terpanjang di dunia.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/26/longest-life-expectancy-world-hong-kong-women-japan_n_1705606.html | title=Longest Life Expectancy In World: Women In Hong Kong Now Outlast Japan | publisher=Huffington Post | date=26 July 2012 | access-date=2015-02-19 | archive-date=2016-03-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113330/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/26/longest-life-expectancy-world-hong-kong-women-japan_n_1705606.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>
Terdapat 2 sekolah kedokteran di negara ini yaitu Chinese University of Hong Kong dan Universitas Hong Kong.<ref name="Milestones"/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.med.hku.hk/v1/education/ | title=Education | publisher=University of Hong Kong | accessdate=10 May 2013 | archive-date=2013-05-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508023440/http://www.med.hku.hk/v1/education/ | dead-url=yes }}</ref> Keduanya memiliki hubungan dengan sektor rumah sakit umum.<ref name="Milestones">{{cite web | url=http://www.med.cuhk.edu.hk/v7/p5_10_10.htm | title=Milestones | publisher=Chinese University of Hong Kong | accessdate=10 May 2013 | archive-date=2012-09-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923160319/http://www.med.cuhk.edu.hk/v7/p5_10_10.htm | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.med.hku.hk/v1/education/internship/educational-objectives/ |title=Educational objectives |publisher=University of Hong Kong |accessdate=10 May 2013 |archive-date=2013-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024133816/http://www.med.hku.hk/v1/education/internship/educational-objectives/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Untuk pendidikan pascasarjana, umumnya banyak dokter di Hong Kong pergi keluar negeri untuk pendidikan lebih lanjut, banyak di antaranya mengambil ujian British Royal College seperti MRCP (Inggris) dan MRCS (Inggris).
Sejak 2011, muncul perhatian bahwa ibu yang berasal dari Tiongkok sedang dalam usaha untuk mendapatkan hak tinggal di Hong Kong dan sekaligus keuntungan yang didapat dari hal itu, telah memenuhi kamar rumah sakit di swasta maupun rumah sakit umum. Hal ini menimbulkan protes dari ibu hamil lokal yang memaksa pemerintah untuk segera menyelesaikan kasus ini, karena mereka kesulitan untuk mengamankan jatah kasur ketika akan melahirkan dan periksa rutin. Perhatian lain pada dasawarsa 2001-2010 berhubungan dengan waktu kerja tenaga kesehatan yang berat; dan kesalahan malapraktik yang berulang kali muncul di koran lokal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/23/world/asia/mainland-chinese-flock-to-hong-kong-to-have-babies.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|title=Mainland Chinese Flock to Hong Kong to Give Birth|first=Sharon|last=LaFraniere|date=22 February 2012|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=9 June 2013|archive-date=2018-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929233416/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/23/world/asia/mainland-chinese-flock-to-hong-kong-to-have-babies.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== Geografi ==
[[Berkas:HongKong boundary from space.png|jmpl|ka|Gambar topografi satelit berwarna yang menunjukkan kawasan vegetasi dan konurbasi. Warna ungu di sekitar pantai menunjukkan kawasan perkembangan urban.]]
Hong Kong
[[Berkas:Lantau montane grassland.jpg|jmpl|Daerah dataran tinggi di Hong Kong didominasi padang rumput: Pulau Lantau di musim kering.]]
Karena sebagian besar daratan Hong Kong adalah pegunungan dengan kecuraman tajam, kurang dari 25% luas daerahnya yang terbangun, dan sekitar 40% sisa luas daratan dijadikan [[konservasi di Hong Kong|taman kota]] dan [[cagar alam]].<ref>{{cite book|title=An Introduction to the Cape d'Aguilar Marine Reserve, Hong Kong|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoca0000mort|first=Brian|last=Morton|first2=Elizabeth|last2=Harper|publisher=[[University of Hong Kong|Hong Kong University Press]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontoca0000mort/page/9 9]|isbn=9789622093881|year=1995}}</ref> Tumbuhan-tumbuhan ketinggian rendah di Hong Kong didominasi oleh [[hutan hujan]] [[hutan sekunder|sekunder]], karena hutan primernya sudah hancur di Perang Dunia II. Sebagian besar pengembangan kota kawasan ini berada di Semenanjung Kowloon, sepanjang pesisir utara Pulau Hong Kong, dan seluruh New Territories.<ref name="Census2006">{{cite web
|url=http://www.bycensus2006.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_962/06bc_mainrpt_v1.pdf
|title=2006 Population By-census
|publisher=Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Government
|accessdate=13 November 2009
|archive-date=2009-04-07
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407131427/http://www.bycensus2006.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_962/06bc_mainrpt_v1.pdf
|dead-url=yes
}}</ref> Titik tertinggi di negara ini adalah [[Tai Mo Shan]], dengan ketinggian {{convert|957|m|ft}} di [[Meter di atas permukaan laut|atas permukaan laut]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.afcd.gov.hk/english/country/cou_vis/cou_vis_cou/cou_vis_cou_tms/cou_vis_cou_tms.html
|title=Tai Mo Shan Country Park
|date=17 March 2006
|publisher=[[Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department]], Hong Kong Government
|accessdate=8 November 2009
|archive-date=2009-09-03
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903021559/http://www.afcd.gov.hk/english/country/cou_vis/cou_vis_cou/cou_vis_cou_tms/cou_vis_cou_tms.html
|dead-url=no
}}</ref> Pesisir Hong Kong yang panjang menjadikannya memiliki banyak sungai dan pantai.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.ocasia.org/NOCS/NocCountries.aspx?Nocs=12
|title=Hong Kong
|publisher=[[Olympic Council of Asia]]
|accessdate=14 November 2009
|archive-date=2009-08-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818150731/http://www.ocasia.org/NOCs/NocCountries.aspx?Nocs=12
|dead-url=yes
}}</ref>
Pada 18 September 2011, [[UNESCO]] memasukkan [[Hong Kong National Geopark]] ke dalam [[Global Geoparks Network]]. Hong Kong Geopark terdiri dari 8 Geo-Area yang terbagi sepanjang Kawasan Batuan Vulkanik [[Distrik Sai Kung|Sai Kung]] dan Kawasan Batuan Sedimen Timur Laut New Territories.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geopark.gov.hk/publications/Geopark_Leaflet.pdf |title=Geopark leaflet |format=PDF |accessdate=26 October 2013 |archive-date=2018-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126054348/http://www.geopark.gov.hk/publications/Geopark_Leaflet.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
{{Hong Kong weatherbox}}
== Pembagian Administratif ==
{{Main|Daftar kota di Hong Kong|Distrik di Hong Kong}}
Wilayah ini dibagi menjadi 18 distrik. Dewan Distrik dengan 479 kursi, 452 di antaranya dipilih langsung, mewakili setiap distrik dan memberi nasihat kepada pemerintah tentang masalah-masalah setempat seperti penyediaan sarana umum, pemeliharaan program masyarakat, promosi budaya, dan kebijakan lingkungan.<ref name=district>{{harvnb|District Administration Facts|2016}}.</ref> Ketua komite pedesaan, mewakili desa-desa dan kota-kota terpencil, mengisi 27 kursi yang tidak terpilih.<ref>{{harvnb|District Councils Ordinance}}.</ref>{{Hong Kong districts imagemap}}
== Angkutan Umum ==
{{Main|Transportasi di Hong Kong}}
[[Berkas:Hong Kong Railway Route Map en.svg|jmpl|[[MTR|Mass Transit Railway]] memiliki lebih dari 150 stasiun dalam jaringannya.|alt=Peta jaringan Mass Transit Railway.]]
=== Dari dan Ke ===
Hong Kong dilayani oleh [[Bandara Internasional Hong Kong]] di [[Chek Lap Kok]] namun lebih sering dikatakan terletak di [[Pulau Lantau|Lantau]]. Bandara ini adalah salah satu pintu masuk penumpang utama dan penghubung logistik besar di Asia, melayani lebih dari 47 juta penumpang dan mengangkut 3,74 juta ton kargo tahun 2007.<ref name="airportnumbers">{{cite web|url=http://www.hongkongairport.com/eng/aboutus/index.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070821101759/http://www.hongkongairport.com/eng/aboutus/index.html|title=About Us|publisher=[[Hong Kong International Airport]] |archivedate=21 August 2007|accessdate=28 April 2008}}</ref>[[Bandara]] ini menggantikan [[Bandara Internasional Kai Tak]] pada tahun [[1998]] dan telah memenangkan berbagai penghargaan sebagai bandara terbaik dunia menurut beberapa survei.<ref name="bestairport">{{cite web |url=http://www.airlinequality.com/news/080807-Awards.htm |title=International travellers have voted Hong Kong the best airport in the world |publisher=[[Skytrax]] |date=8 August 2007 |accessdate=28 April 2008 |archive-date=2012-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514152852/http://www.airlinequality.com/news/080807-Awards.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref> Lebih dari 85 maskapai beroperasi disini dan sekaligus menjadi pusat untuk [[Cathay Pacific Airways]], [[Dragonair]], [[Air Hong Kong]], dan [[Hong Kong Express Airways|Hong Kong Express]].<ref name="airportnumbers"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hongkongairport.com/eng/pdf/business/about-the-airport/air-cargo/AirCsid=argo_brochure.pdf|title=Air Cargo and Aviation Logistic Services|publisher=Hong Kong International Airport|page=1|accessdate=31 August 2010|archive-date=2018-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809111638/http://www.hongkongairport.com/eng/pdf/business/about-the-airport/air-cargo/AirCsid=argo_brochure.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
=== Dalam Kota ===
[[Berkas:CTB260.jpg|jmpl|Bus tingkat dalam kota Alexander Dennis Enviro 400 di Hong Kong menuju [[Stanley, Hong Kong|Stanley]]]]
Hong Kong memiliki tata angkutan dalam kota yang mapan dan modern yang terdiri dari [[kereta api]], [[bus]], [[tram]], [[feri]], dan [[taksi]]. Lebih dari 90% perjalanan harian (sekitar 11 juta) bergantung pada angkutan umum,<ref name="TD">{{cite web|url=http://www.td.gov.hk/transport_in_hong_kong/public_transport/introduction/index.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080707095241/http://www.td.gov.hk/transport_in_hong_kong/public_transport/introduction/index.htm|archivedate=7 July 2008|title=Public Transport Introduction|publisher=[[Transport Department (Hong Kong)|Transport Department]], Hong Kong Government|accessdate=13 July 2008}}</ref> salah satu yang tertinggi di dunia.<ref name="pubtransport">{{cite book|first=William H. K.|last=Lam|first2=Michael G. H.|last2=Bell|year=2003|title=Advanced Modeling for Transit Operations and Service Planning|url=https://archive.org/details/advancedmodeling00lamw|publisher=[[Emerald Group Publishing]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/advancedmodeling00lamw/page/n239 231]|isbn=978-0-08-044206-8}}</ref> Hampir semua layanan angutan umum dapat dibayar menggunakan [[kartu Octopus]], sistem kartu bersaldo yang diperkenalkan oleh [[MTR]].<ref name="octopus">{{cite web|url=http://www.octopuscards.com/consumer/products/en/index.jsp|title=Octopus Card Information|publisher=[[Octopus Cards Limited]]|accessdate=10 December 2008|archive-date=2007-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224121453/http://www.octopuscards.com/consumer/products/en/index.jsp|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Octopus: The Growing E-payment System in Hong Kong|last=Poon|first=Simpson|journal=Electronic Markets|last2=Chau|first2=Patrick|doi=10.1080/101967801300197016|volume= 11|issue=2|date=February 2001|pages=97–106|publisher=Informa | issn=1019-6781 }}</ref>
Jaringan kereta utama ([[Kowloon–Canton Railway Corporation|KCRC]]) digabung dengan MTR tahun 2007, menjadikan jaringan kereta menyeluruh di negara ini.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200604/11/P200604110236.htm|title=Press Release: Government has reached understanding with MTRCL on the terms for merging the MTR and KCR systems|publisher=Hong Kong Government|date=11 April 2006|accessdate=17 November 2007|archive-date=2018-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113004625/https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200604/11/P200604110236.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref> Sistem angkutan cepat MTR memiliki 152 stasiun yang melayani 3,4 juta orang tiap hari.<ref name="mtr">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtr.com.hk/eng/whatsnew/tourist_intro.html|title=Tourist Information|publisher=Mass Transit Railway|accessdate=29 April 2008|archive-date=2008-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416103736/http://www.mtr.com.hk/eng/whatsnew/tourist_intro.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Hong Kong Tramways]], yang sudah ada sejak 1904, menjangkau bagian utara dari Pulau Hong Kong.<ref name="trams">{{cite web|url=http://www.hktramways.com/en/company/index.html|title=The Company|publisher=[[Hong Kong Tramways]]|accessdate=29 April 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410081756/http://www.hktramways.com/en/company/index.html<!--Added by H3llBot-->|archivedate=10 April 2008}}</ref>
Pelayanan bus di Hong Kong dikelola oleh 5 perusahaan swasta yang mengoperasikan lebih dari 700 rute. Pengelola paling besar adalah [[Kowloon Motor Bus]], memiliki 402 rute di Kowloon dan New Territories, dan [[Citybus (Hong Kong)|Citybus]], yang mengoperasikan 154 rute di Pulau Hong Kong. [[Bus tingkat]] pertama kali beroperasi di Hong Kong tahun 1949 dan sampai saat ini masih ada. Ada juga bus kecil yang beroperasi di jalur-jalur tertentu.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The relationship between car ownership and public transport provision: a case study of Hong Kong|last=Cullinane|first=S.|date=January 2002|volume= 9|issue=1|pages=29–39|journal=Transport Policy| doi = 10.1016/S0967-070X(01)00028-2}}</ref>
[[Berkas:StarLine.jpg|jmpl|kiri|Hong Kong - Kowloon Star Ferry]]
Layanan feri [[Star Ferry]], didirikan 1888, mengoperasikan 2 jalur menyeberangi [[Pelabuhan Victoria]] dan memberikan panorama Hong Kong, dengan jumlah penumpang harian 53.000 orang.<ref name="ferryyears">{{cite news|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/11/10/news/ferry.php|last=Ng|first=Tze-wei|title=Not even HK's storied Star Ferry can face down developers|newspaper=[[International Herald Tribune]]|date=10 November 2006|accessdate=1 September 2010|archive-date=2006-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110145541/http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/11/10/news/ferry.php|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Layanan feri lainnya beroperasi di Pulau Hong Kong, Makau sampai kota-kota di Tiongkok. Hong Kong terkenal dengan [[Kapal jung|junknya]] dan feri kecil [[kai-to]] yang beroperasi ke wilayah terpencil.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/travel/cityguide/article/0,31489,1850110_1850124_1850315,00.html|title=Hong Kong: 10 Things to Do in 24 Hours|first=Liam|last=Fitzpatrick|work=Time|accessdate=31 August 2010|archive-date=2013-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826124348/http://www.time.com/time/travel/cityguide/article/0,31489,1850110_1850124_1850315,00.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Fields from the sea: Chinese junk trade with Siam during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries|first=Jennifer Wayne|last=Cushman|year=1993|page=57|publisher=SEAP Publications|isbn=0-87727-711-7}}</ref> [[Pelabuhan Hong Kong]] adalah pelabuhan laut dalam yang sibuk, melayani terutama pengiriman peti kemas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hit.com.hk/|title=HIT:: Hongkong International Terminals|accessdate=22 February 2011|archive-date=2019-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505225356/https://www.hit.com.hk/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== Ekonomi ==
{{Main|Ekonomi Hong Kong}}
[[Berkas:2ifc at twilight.jpg|jmpl|lurus|[[International Finance Centre|Two International Finance Centre]] di [[Central, Hong Kong|Central]], pusat komersial terintegrasi di Central|alt=A brightly lit tall skyscraper at night]]
Sebagai salah satu [[pusat keuangan]] dunia, Hong Kong memiliki sistem ekonomi [[kapitalisme|kapitalis]] yang ditandai dengan pajak rendah dan [[perdagangan bebas]]. Mata uang [[Dolar Hong Kong]] adalah mata uang terbanyak diperdagangkan kedelapan di dunia (2010).<ref name="bis.org"/> Hong Kong tetap bertahan sebagai ekonomo kapitalis, menempati peringkat terbebas di dunia menurut [[Indeks Kebebasan Ekonomi]] tiap tahunnya sejak 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201201/12/P201201120303.htm|title=Hong Kong ranked world's freest economy for 18th consecutive year|publisher=Government of Hong Kong|date=12 January 2012|accessdate=28 May 2012|archive-date=2012-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028215314/http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201201/12/P201201120303.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/ |title=2008 Index of Economic Freedom |publisher=The Heritage Foundation |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201022352/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/|archivedate=1 February 2008 |accessdate=1 February 2008}} {{Clarify|date=August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Top 10 Countries |publisher=The Heritage Foundation |url=http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/topten.cfm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124041217/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/topten.cfm|archivedate=24 January 2008|accessdate=1 February 2008}}</ref> Hong Kong menjadi pusat penting bagi perdagangan dan keuangan dunia, dan banyak menjadi kantor pusat perusahaan-perusahaan besar di kawasan Asia Pasifik,<ref>{{cite book|title=How to Invest in Offshore Real Estate and Pay Little Or No Taxes|url=https://archive.org/details/howtoinvestoffsh00brom|first=Hubert|last=Bromma|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill|McGraw-Hill Professional]]|year=2007|page=[https://archive.org/details/howtoinvestoffsh00brom/page/n176 161]|isbn=978-0-07-147009-4}}</ref> dan dikenal sebagai [[Empat Macan Asia]] karena pertumbuhannya yang tinggi dan pembangunan luar biasa dalam kurun 1960-an sampai 1990-an. Antara 1961 dan 1997, produk domestik bruto Hong Kong meningkat 180 kali lipat sedangkan GDP per kapita naik 87 kali lipat.<ref>{{cite book|first=Peter Wallace|last=Preston|first2=Jürgen|last2=Haacke|title=Contemporary China: The Dynamics of Change at the Start of the New Millennium|url=https://archive.org/details/contemporarychin0000pwpr|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2003|pages=80–107|isbn=978-0-7007-1637-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Rikkie|last=Yeung|title=Moving Millions: The Commercial Success and Political Controversies of Hong Kong's Railways|url=https://archive.org/details/movingmillionsco0000yeun|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|year=2008|page=[https://archive.org/details/movingmillionsco0000yeun/page/16 16]|isbn=978-962-209-963-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zyen.com/Knowledge/Research/GFCI%201%20March%202007%20Executive%20Summary.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070605112931/http://www.zyen.com/Knowledge/Research/GFCI+1+March+2007+Executive+Summary.pdf|archivedate=5 June 2007|title=The Global Financial Centres Index 1 Executive Summary|publisher=[[City of London]]|date=March 2007|page=6|accessdate=12 April 2007}}</ref>
[[Bursa Saham Hong Kong]] terbesar ketujuh di dunia dengan kapitalisasi pasar US$2.3 triliun per Desember 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-exchanges.org/statistics/ytd-monthly|title=World Federation of Exchanges – Statistics/Monthly|publisher=[[World Federation of Exchanges]]|accessdate=17 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821044315/http://www.world-exchanges.org/statistics/ytd-monthly <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archivedate=21 August 2010}}</ref> Pada tahun itu, Hong Kong meraih 22% pusat [[Penawaran umum perdana|penawaran saham perdana]] (''initial public offering'', IPO) dunia, terbesar di dunia tahun itu.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aI3U6ahtfIyo|title=Hong Kong IPOs May Raise Record $48 Billion in 2010, E&Y Says|publisher=Bloomberg|accessdate=17 September 2010|date=21 December 2009|archive-date=2012-07-20|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720121949/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aI3U6ahtfIyo|dead-url=no}}</ref> Dolar Hong Kong dipatok dari dolar AS sejak 1983.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.hkma.gov.hk/media/eng/publication-and-research/background-briefs/hkmalin/full_e.pdf|title=Hong Kong's Linked Exchange Rate System|page=33|publisher=[[Hong Kong Monetary Authority]]|accessdate=6 October 2010|archive-date=2012-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323161809/http://www.hkma.gov.hk/media/eng/publication-and-research/background-briefs/hkmalin/full_e.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
== Pariwisata ==
[[Berkas:HongKong07.JPG|250px|
[[Pariwisata]] adalah salah satu tonggak utama [[perekonomian Hong Kong]] dengan 21,81 juta orang turis
Beberapa
=== Kowloon ===
* [[Tsim Sha Tsui]]
** [[Avenue of Stars, Hong Kong|Avenue of Stars]]
** [[Star Ferry]]
=== Hong Kong ===
* [[Victoria Peak]]
** Museum [[Madame Tussauds Hong Kong|Madame Tussauds]]
* [[Pelabuhan Victoria|Victoria Harbour]]
** Pertunjukan [[A Symphony of Lights]]
* [[Aberdeen, Hong Kong|Aberdeen]]
** [[Ocean Park Hong Kong|Ocean Park]]
* [[Menara Bank of China]]
* [[Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre]]
Baris 94 ⟶ 155:
* [[Jembatan Tsing Ma]]
* [[Jembatan Ting Kau]]
== Budaya ==
[[Berkas:Rides in HK Ocean Park.jpg|jmpl|[[Ocean Park Hong Kong]], taman hewan laut, oseanarium, dan taman hiburan di Hong Kong.]]
[[Berkas:Hong kong bruce lee statue.jpg|jmpl|Patung [[Bruce Lee]] di [[Avenue of Stars, Hong Kong|Avenue of Stars]], menghormati [[seni bela diri]] kota ini.]]
Hong Kong sering disebut sebagai tempat di mana "timur bertemu dengan barat", mencerminkan campuran kebudayaan asal Tiongkok dengan dipengaruhi barat ketika menjadi jajahan Inggris.<ref name="cnntravel">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/TRAVEL/03/06/24hours.hongkong/index.html?eref=rss_travel|title=24 hours in Hong Kong: Urban thrills where East meets West|publisher=CNN|date=8 March 2009|accessdate=27 May 2009|archive-date=2018-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315212137/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/TRAVEL/03/06/24hours.hongkong/index.html?eref=rss_travel|dead-url=no}}</ref> Konsep ''[[feng shui]]'' dianggap sangat penting, dengan proyek konstruksi mahal umumnya merekrut konsultan yang ahli di bidangnya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/propertyfocus/propertyfocus/view/20090217-189707/Feng-shui-used-in-90-of-RP-businesses|title=Feng shui used in 90% of RP businesses|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=17 February 2009|accessdate=14 November 2009|archive-date=2009-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222223542/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/propertyfocus/propertyfocus/view/20090217-189707/Feng-shui-used-in-90-of-RP-businesses|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Objek lainnya seperti kaca [[Pa Kua|Ba gua]] masih digunakan untuk menolak roh jahat,<ref>{{cite book|title=Chinese Religions: Beliefs and Practices|url=https://archive.org/details/chinesereligions0000fowl|first=Jeaneane D.|last=Fowler|first2=Merv|last2=Fowler|publisher=[[Sussex Academic Press]]|year=2008|page=[https://archive.org/details/chinesereligions0000fowl/page/263 263]|isbn=978-1-84519-172-6}}</ref> dan bangunan-bangunan juga tidak pernah menyediakan lantai berapapun yang ada angka 4 di dalamnya,<ref>{{cite book|title=City Voices: Hong Kong writing in English, 1945–present|url=https://archive.org/details/cityvoicescontem00xixu|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|last=Xi|first=Xu|first2=Mike|last2=Ingham|year=2003|page=[https://archive.org/details/cityvoicescontem00xixu/page/n197 181]|isbn=978-962-209-605-9}}</ref> karena kesamaannya dengan kata "mati" dalam bahasa Kanton.<ref>{{cite book|title=Death, Dying and Bereavement: a Hong Kong Chinese Experience|volume=Volume 1|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|first=Cecilia|last=Chan|first2=Amy|last2=Chow|year=2006|page=3|isbn=978-962-209-787-2}}</ref> Campuran timur dan barat juga memengaruhi masakan Hong Kong, seperti [[dim sum]], [[hot pot]], dan restoran [[Makanan siap saji|cepat saji]] berdampingan dengan [[adimasakan]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Hong Kong and Macau|url=https://archive.org/details/hongkongmacaucit00ston|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/hongkongmacaucit00ston/page/7 7]|isbn=978-1-74104-665-6|last=Stone|first=Andrew|last2=Chow|first2=Chung Wah|last3=Ho|first3=Reggie|date=15 January 2008}}</ref>
Hong Kong dikenal karena pusat perdagangan dunia dan menyebut dirinya sebagai "entertainment hub".<ref name=M&C>{{cite news|url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/movies/news/article_1281858.php/Hong_Kong_calls_itself_Asia_s_entertainment_hub|title=Hong Kong calls itself Asia's entertainment hub|publisher=[[Monsters and Critics]]|date=23 March 2007|access-date=2015-02-20|archive-date=2010-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213090729/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/movies/news/article_1281858.php/Hong_Kong_calls_itself_Asia_s_entertainment_hub|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Film-filmnya yang bertema [[seni bela diri]] mendapatkan ketenaran tinggi di akhir 1960-an dan 1970-an. Beberapa pemeran Hollywood, aktor terkenal dan seniman bela diri berasal dari Hong Kong, seperti [[Bruce Lee]], [[Jackie Chan]], [[Chow Yun-fat]], [[Michelle Yeoh]], [[Maggie Cheung]] dan [[Jet Li]]. Beberapa perfilman Hong Kong juga termasyhur di Hollywood, seperti [[John Woo]], [[Wong Kar-wai]], dan [[Stephen Chow]].<ref name=M&C/> Film-film seperti ''[[Chungking Express]]'', ''[[Infernal Affairs]]'', ''[[Shaolin Soccer]]'', ''[[Rumble in the Bronx]]'', ''[[In the Mood for Love]]'' dan ''[[Echoes of the Rainbow]]'' dikenal mancanegara. Hong Kong adalah pusat musik [[Cantopop]], yang merupakan gabungan berbagai macam [[musik Tiongkok]] dan musik barat.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/musicgoesglobal/asia/mcantopop.html|title=Hong Kong music circles the globe with its easy-listening hits and stars|first=Richard|last=Corliss|work=Time|accessdate=4 November 2009|date=24 September 2001|archive-date=2010-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817100220/http://www.time.com/time/musicgoesglobal/asia/mcantopop.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Pemerintah Hong Kong mendukung berbagai lembaga budaya seperti [[Museum Sejarah Hong Kong]], [[Museum Seni Hong Kong]], [[The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts|Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts]], dan [[Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra]]. [[Departemen Layanan Rekreasi dan Budaya]] mensubsidi dan mensponsori penampil internasional yang datang ke Hong Kong. Banyak kegiatan kebudayaan internasional diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah, konsulat, dan swasta.<ref name="HeritageGovHK">{{cite web|url=http://www.heritagemuseum.gov.hk/english/gen_info.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041116010450/http://www.heritagemuseum.gov.hk/english/gen_info.htm|archivedate=16 November 2004|title=General Information|date=15 October 2009|publisher=Leisure and Cultural Services Department, Hong Kong Government |accessdate=31 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Arts/english/aboutus/aboutus.html|title=About the Museum|date=25 May 2010|publisher=Leisure and Cultural Services Department, Hong Kong Government|accessdate=31 August 2010|archive-date=2010-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820034132/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Arts/english/aboutus/aboutus.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
=== Arsitektur ===
Menurut [[Emporis]], ada 1.233 gedung pencakar langit di Hong Kong, menempatkan kota ini sebagai kota dengan pencakar langit terbanyak di dunia.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.emporis.com/statistics/most-skyscraper-cities-worldwide
|title=Cities with the most skyscrapers
|publisher=[[Emporis]]
|accessdate=14 June 2012
|archive-date=2012-01-09
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109061808/http://www.emporis.com/statistics/most-skyscraper-cities-worldwide
|dead-url=no
}}</ref>
[[Kepadatan penduduk]] yang tinggi ini disebabkan karena semakin sedikitnya lahan kosong yang tersedia, dan jarak rata-rata antara tepi pantai dengan pegunungan curam di Pulau Hong Kong berkisar {{convert|1.3|km|mi|abbr=on|sigfig=2}},<ref>{{cite journal
|last=Tong|first=C. O.|last2=Wong|first2=S. C.
|date=August 1997
|title=The advantages of a high density, mixed land use, linear urban development
|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_transportation_1997-08_24_3/page/295|journal=[[Transportation (journal)|Transportation]]
|volume= 24|issue=3|pages=295–307
|doi=10.1023/A:1004987422746
}}</ref> banyak juga di antaranya dari tanah reklamasi. Kekurangan lahan ini menyebabkan berdirinya kantor-kantor dan perumahan tingkat tinggi. 36 dari 100 bangunan tempat tinggal tertinggi dunia ada di Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.emporis.com/statistics/tallest-residential
|title=World's Tallest Residential Towers
|publisher=Emporis
|accessdate=24 May 2009
|archive-date=2013-06-12
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612182351/http://www.emporis.com/statistics/tallest-residential
|dead-url=no
}}</ref> Lebih banyak penduduk Hong Kong yang tinggal atau bekerja di lantai 14 atau lebih, menjadikannya kota paling vertikal di dunia.<ref name="timeout">{{cite web|url=http://www.timeout.com/newyork/kids/events/things-to-do/112841/2384561/vertical-cities |title=Vertical Cities: Hong Kong/New York.|work=[[Time Out (company)|Time Out]]|date=3 August 2008 |accessdate=25 August 2010|archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20110116062733/http://newyorkkids.timeout.com/events/things-to-do/112841/2384561/vertical-cities|archivedate = 16 January 2011}}</ref><ref name="skyscraper">{{cite web|url=http://www.skyscraper.org/home.htm|title=Home page|publisher=[[Skyscraper Museum]]|date=14 July 2008|accessdate=25 August 2010|archive-date=2010-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701045424/http://www.skyscraper.org/home.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Sebagai akibat dari kekurangan lahan dan permintaan konstruksi, sedikit gedung tua yang tersisa, dan kota ini menjadi pusat arsitektur modern. [[International Commerce Centre]] (ICC), dengan ketinggian {{convert|484|m|ft|abbr=on}}, adalah gedung tertinggi di Hong Kong dan ketiga tertinggi di dunia.<!-- do not remove specification. There are different criteria used to rank the 'tallest buildings'. --><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=101555
|title=International Commerce Centre
|publisher=Emporis
|accessdate=2 September 2008
|archive-date=2013-10-22
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022074826/http://www.emporis.com/building/internationalcommercecentre-hongkong-china
|dead-url=no
}}</ref> Gedung tertinggi sebelum ICC adalah [[Two International Finance Centre]], dengan ketinggian {{convert|415|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=2internationalfinancecentre-hongkong-china
|title=Two International Finance Centre
|publisher=Emporis
|accessdate=24 May 2009
|archive-date=2007-06-02
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070602171034/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=2internationalfinancecentre-hongkong-china
|dead-url=no
}}</ref> Gedung lain yang terkenal adalah [[Gedung kantor pusat HSBC Hong Kong]], [[Central Plaza, Hong Kong|Central Plaza]], [[The Center]]; [[A Symphony of Lights]] dan [[Menara Bank of China, Hong Kong|Menara Bank of China]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.emporis.com/en/bu/sk/st/sr/
|title=Emporis Skyline Ranking
|publisher=Emporis
|accessdate=24 May 2009
|archive-date=2008-05-15
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515211251/http://www.emporis.com/en/bu/sk/st/sr/
|dead-url=yes
}}</ref> Pemandangan Hong Kong juga sering disebut sebagai yang terbaik di dunia,<ref>{{cite web|title=The world's top 20 city skylines, CNNGo.com|url=http://www.cnngo.com/explorations/play/worlds-top-20-skylines-691351|accessdate=1 March 2011|archive-date=2011-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708171438/http://www.cnngo.com/explorations/play/worlds-top-20-skylines-691351|dead-url=no}}</ref> dengan sekelilingnya pegunungan dan [[Pelabuhan Victoria]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Best Skyline Poll|url=http://www.snappoll.com/view_results.php?poll_id=159740|accessdate=8 February 2008|archive-date=2008-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105124325/http://www.snappoll.com/view_results.php?poll_id=159740|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The World's Best Skylines |url=http://homepages.ipact.nl/~egram/skylines.html |first1=Egbert |last1=Gramsbergen |author2=Paul Kazmierczak |accessdate=8 February 2008 |archive-date=2008-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080204231310/http://homepages.ipact.nl/~egram/skylines.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Kebanyakan [[Daftar gedung dan struktur tertua di Hong Kong|gedung tertua yang tersisa]], seperti [[Clock Tower, Hong Kong|Tsim Sha Tsui Clock Tower]], [[Central Police Station, Hong Kong|Central Police Station]], dan sisa-sisa [[Kowloon Walled City]] dibangun pada abad ke-19 dan awal abad 20.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/en/monuments_53.php|title=Declared Monuments in Hong Kong – Hong Kong Island|publisher=Leisure and Cultural Services Department, Hong Kong Government|date=13 January 2010|accessdate=31 August 2010|archive-date=2015-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129225007/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Monument/en/monuments_53.php|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amo.gov.hk/en/monuments_43.php |title=Declared Monuments in Hong Kong – Kowloon Island |publisher=Leisure and Cultural Services Department, Hong Kong Government |date=13 January 2010 |accessdate=31 August 2010 |archive-date=2011-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513113504/http://www.amo.gov.hk/en/monuments_43.php |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="Sinn">{{cite journal |last=Sinn |first=Elizabeth |title=Kowloon Walled City: Its Origin and Early History |journal=Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=27 |pages=30–31 |year=1990 |url=http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/4401608.pdf |accessdate=20 June 2012 |archive-date=2013-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024133633/http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/4401608.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Ada banyak pembangunan yang sedang dilakukan, termasuk pembangunan [[situs Tamar|gedung-gedung pemerintah baru]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.admwing.gov.hk/tamar/eng/background.htm |title=Tamar Development Project |publisher=Hong Kong Government |date=23 April 2010 |accessdate=17 September 2010 |archive-date=2010-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528160824/http://www.admwing.gov.hk/tamar/eng/background.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> pembangunan ulang waterfront di Central,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://centralwaterfront.designinghongkong.com/index.php?lang=eng |title=Central Waterfront Design Competition |publisher=Designing Hong Kong |accessdate=26 April 2008 |archive-date=2008-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403185024/http://centralwaterfront.designinghongkong.com/index.php?lang=eng |dead-url=yes }}</ref> dan beberapa proyek di [[Kowloon Barat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hab.gov.hk/wkcd/pe/eng/intro.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411091817/http://www.hab.gov.hk/wkcd/pe/eng/intro.htm|archivedate=11 April 2008 |title=West Kowloon Cultural District Public Engagement Exercise |publisher=[[Home Affairs Bureau]], Hong Kong Government |date=26 August 2008|accessdate=6 October 2010}}</ref> Banyak pengembangan baru diarahkan ke sisi lain Pelabuhan Victoria di Kowloon, semenjak penutupan [[Bandara Kai Tak]] tahun 1998.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/199807/10/0710062.htm |title=Kai Tak building height restrictions lifted |publisher=Hong Kong Government |date=10 July 1998 |accessdate=26 April 2008 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034918/http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/199807/10/0710062.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref> [[Urban Renewal Authority]] aktif dalam menghancurkan kawasan tua, termasuk pembangunan ulang kawasan [[Kwun Tong]], pendekatan yang dikritisi karena dampaknya pada [[Budaya Hong Kong|identitas budaya]] dan masyarakat berpenghasilan menengah bawah.
<center>
{|
|-
| [[Berkas:1 hongkong panorama victoria peak 2011.JPG|jmpl|350px|Pemandangan dari Victoria Peak, terlihat Central, Victoria Harbour dan Kowloon (2011).|alt=panorama: looking down on a city of skyscrapers, land mass in the distance separated by a body of water.]]
| [[Berkas:Hong Kong Night Skyline from Lugard Road.jpg|jmpl|350px|Pemandangan dari Victoria Peak, terlihat Central, Victoria Harbour dan Kowloon di malam hari (2016).]]
|}
{{wide image|Kowloon_Panorama_by_Ryan_Cheng_2010.jpg|1600px|Pemandangan Kowloon dan Pulau Hong Kong}}
</center>
{{Panorama
| image = File:Hong Kong Skyline Panorama - Dec 2008.jpg
| fullwidth = 1920
| fullheight = 354
| caption = <center>Foto panorama [[Pulau Hong Kong]] di malam hari</center>
| alt = Night time city skyline with Victoria Harbour in front and low hills behind
| height = 275
}}
{{Clear}}
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Makau]]
* [[Taiwan]]
* [[Republik Rakyat
* [[Daftar negara di dunia]]
== Referensi ==
{{reflist|2}}
== Daftar Pustaka ==
* {{cite book|author=Chris Patten|first=|date=|year=1998|url=|title=[[East and West (buku)]]|location=|publisher=McClelland & Stewart|isbn=978-0-7710-6974-1|pages=|language=en|ref={{sfnref|Patten|1998}}|url-status=live}}
== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
{{refbegin}}
* Callick, Rowan. ''Comrades & Capitalists: Hong Kong since the Handover'' (University of New South Wales Press, 1998) [https://www.questia.com/library/1521652/comrades-capitalists-hong-kong-since-the-handover online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106162112/https://www.questia.com/library/1521652/comrades-capitalists-hong-kong-since-the-handover |date=2015-01-06 }}
* {{cite book|last=Fu|first=Poshek|last2=Deser|first2=David|title=The Cinema of Hong Kong: History, Arts, Identity|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|page=346|isbn=978-0-521-77602-8}}
* Lee, James. ''Housing, Home Ownership and Social Change in Hong Kong'' (1999)
* {{cite book|title=Forts and Pirates – A History of Hong Kong|first=Adam Yuen-chung|last=Lui|publisher=Hong Kong History Society|year=1990|isbn=962-7489-01-8|page=114}}
* {{cite book|first=Shuyong|last=Liu|first2=Wenjiong|last2=Wang|first3=Mingyu|last3=Chang|title=An Outline History of Hong Kong|url=https://archive.org/details/outlinehistoryof0000lius|publisher=Foreign Languages Press|year=1997|page=[https://archive.org/details/outlinehistoryof0000lius/page/291 291]|isbn=978-7-119-01946-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Ngo|first=Tak-Wing|title=Hong Kong's History: State and Society Under Colonial Rule|publisher=Routledge|year= 1999|isbn=978-0-415-20868-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Tsang|first=Steve|title=A Modern History of Hong Kong|url=https://archive.org/details/modernhistoryofh0000tsan|publisher=I. B. Tauris|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84511-419-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Welsh|first=Frank|title=A Borrowed place: the history of Hong Kong|url=https://archive.org/details/borrowedplacehi00wels|page=[https://archive.org/details/borrowedplacehi00wels/page/624 624]|publisher=Kodansha International|year=1993|isbn=978-1-56836-002-7}}
=== Sumber primer ===
* Bard, Solomon, ed. ''Voices from the Past: Hong Kong, 1842-1918'' (Hong Kong University Press, 2002) [https://www.questia.com/library/120080394/voices-from-the-past-hong-kong-1842-1918 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106162107/https://www.questia.com/library/120080394/voices-from-the-past-hong-kong-1842-1918 |date=2015-01-06 }}
* {{cite book|last=Endacott|first=G. B.|authorlink=George Beer Endacott|title=An Eastern Entrepot: A Collection of Documents Illustrating the History of Hong Kong|publisher=[[Her Majesty's Stationery Office]]|year=1964|page=293|oclc= 632495979|asin=B0007J07G6 }}
* {{cite book|last=Hanstedt|first=Paul|title=Hong Konged: One Modern American Family's (Mis)adventures in the Gateway to China|year=2012|publisher=Adams Media|location=Avon, Massachusetts|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Tj6cOGvc7ecC&printsec=frontcover|isbn=9781440540738|access-date=2015-02-19|archive-date=2013-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602064238/http://books.google.com/books?id=Tj6cOGvc7ecC&printsec=frontcover|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite book|last=Tsang|first=Steve|title=Government and Politics: A Documentary History of Hong Kong|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|year=1995|page=312|isbn=962-209-392-2|url=https://www.questia.com/library/1936663/government-and-politics-a-documentary-history-of|access-date=2015-02-19|archive-date=2015-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107072614/https://www.questia.com/library/1936663/government-and-politics-a-documentary-history-of|dead-url=no}}
{{refend}}
== Catatan kaki ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Sister project links|voy=Hong Kong|Hong Kong}}
* [https://picgisrs.org/ Hong Kong] di [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]
* [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/hongkong.htm HongKong] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121092744/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/hongkong.htm |date=2008-11-21 }} di ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''
* {{CIA World Factbook link|hk|Hong Kong}}
* {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/Hong_Kong}}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-16517764 Hong Kong] dari [[BBC News]]
* {{Wikiatlas|Hong Kong}}
* [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=HK Key Development Forecasts for Hong Kong] dari [[International Futures]]
* [https://treaties.un.org/Pages/showDetails.aspx?objid=08000002800d4d6e&clang=_en Joint Declaration on the question of Hong Kong] dari UNTC
; Pemerintah
* [http://www.gov.hk GovHK] Hong Kong SAR Government portal
* [http://www.discoverhongkong.com/eng/index.jsp Discover Hong Kong] – Official site of the Hong Kong Tourism Board
;Perdagangan
* [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/HKG/Year/2012/Summary World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Hong Kong]
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{{Provinsi RRT}}
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