El Aaiún: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = El Aaiún
|other_name = Laayoune
|native_name = العيون / Leɛyun
|image_skyline = Plaza de la Marcha Verde, en El Aaiun.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Plaza de la Marcha Verde
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|image_map =
|map_caption =
|pushpin_map = Western Sahara
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_mapsize =
|pushpin_map_caption =Lokasi di Sahara Barat
|coordinates_display = inline,title
|coordinates_region = EH
|subdivision_type = [[Wilayah Perwalian dan Non-Pemerintahan-Sendiri yang terdaftar pada Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|Wilayah Non-Pemerintahan-Sendiri]]
|subdivision_name = [[Sahara Barat]]
|subdivision_type1 = Region
|subdivision_name1 = [[Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra]]
|subdivision_type2 = Provinsi
|subdivision_name2 = [[Provinsi Laâyoune]]
|established_title = Dihuni
|established_date = 1934
|established_title2 = Didirikan
|established_date2 = 1938
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_land_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|population_as_of=2010
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 196,331
|population_urban =
|population_metro =
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_density_km2 =
|timezone = UTC
|utc_offset =
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|latd=27|latm=9|lats=13|latNS=N
|longd=13|longm=12|longs=12|longEW=W
|elevation_footnotes=
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
|postal_code_type =
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
[[Berkas:Street view from Laayoune 2011.jpg|jmpl|400px|Jalan di El-Aaiun]]
'''El-Aaiún''' atau '''Laâyoune''' ([[bahasa Arab]]: العيون, [[bahasa Arab Hassaniyah]]: لعيون, [[transliterasi bahasa Arab|ditransliterasikan]] menjadi '''al-‘ayūn'''), adalah [[ibu kota]] tidak resmi dari [[Sahara Barat]], sebuah bekas koloni [[Spanyol]] yang kini sebagian besar dikontrol dan diduduki oleh [[Maroko]]. Kota ini adalah ibu kota dari wilayah [[Laâyoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra]]. El-Aaiún terletak di {{coor dms|27|9|13|LU|13|12|12|BB|}}. [http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/cntry_files.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823004343/http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/cntry_files.html |date=2012-08-23 }}
Penduduk kota ini berjumlah 183.
"El Aaiún" adalah [[Alih aksara|transliterasi]] dari nama dalam [[bahasa Arab]] yang digunakan sebagai nama [[Spanyol]] untuk kota ini, dan merupakan nama satu-satunya yang digunakan hingga invasi Maroko atas Sahara Barat. "''Laâyoune''" adaslah transliterasi [[bahasa
Sebuah misi [[PBB]] di kota itu, [[MINURSO]], mengadministrasi upaya gencatan senjata pada tahun [[1991]] antara [[Maroko]] dan [[Front Polisario]] yang telah melawan pendudukan Maroko sejak awal dan mengklaim [[Sahara Barat]] sebagai sebuah negara merdeka.
Pada musim semi [[2005]], [[Intifada Kemerdekaan|demonstrasi]] oleh suku bangsa Sahrawi yang menuntut kemerdekaan dan pembebasan para tahanan politik mengguncangkan kota itu, dan kecenderungan untuk membuka wilayah yang tertutup itu tampaknya telah dipatahkan, dengan diusirnya sejumlah [[wartawan]] asing dan delegasi hak-hak asasi manusia.
Di daerah selatan dari [[Tindouf]], [[Aljazair]], ada sebuah [[kamp pengungsi]] Sahrawi yang dinamai El-Aaiun, sesuai dengan nama kota ini.
== Geografi ==
=== Iklim ===
Laâyoune (El-Aaiún) memiliki [[iklim gurun]], dimoderasi oleh [[Arus Teluk]] dengan suhu rata-rata tahunan {{convert|20|°C|0}}.
{{Weather box
|location = Laâyoune" atau "El Ayun"
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 20
|Feb high C = 20
|Mar high C = 22
|Apr high C = 22
|May high C = 22
|Jun high C = 24
|Jul high C = 26
|Aug high C = 28
|Sep high C = 27
|Oct high C = 25
|Nov high C = 24
|Dec high C = 20
|year high C = 23
|Jan mean C = 16
|Feb mean C = 17
|Mar mean C = 19
|Apr mean C = 18
|May mean C = 20
|Jun mean C = 21
|Jul mean C = 23
|Aug mean C = 25
|Sep mean C = 24
|Oct mean C = 22
|Nov mean C = 20
|Dec mean C = 17
|year mean C = 20
|Jan low C = 12
|Feb low C = 13
|Mar low C = 16
|Apr low C = 15
|May low C = 16
|Jun low C = 18
|Jul low C = 20
|Aug low C = 21
|Sep low C = 20
|Oct low C = 18
|Nov low C = 16
|Dec low C = 13
|year low C = 17
|Jan precipitation mm = 17.97
|Feb precipitation mm = 18.51
|Mar precipitation mm = 6.74
|Apr precipitation mm = 2.54
|May precipitation mm = 3.21
|Jun precipitation mm = 0.31
|Jul precipitation mm = 0.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 0.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 1.21
|Oct precipitation mm = 7.47
|Nov precipitation mm = 16.90
|Dec precipitation mm = 18.60
|year precipitation mm = 93.46
|Jan precipitation days = 3
|Feb precipitation days = 3
|Mar precipitation days = 1
|Apr precipitation days = 1
|May precipitation days = 1
|Jun precipitation days = 1
|Jul precipitation days = 1
|Aug precipitation days = 1
|Sep precipitation days = 0
|Oct precipitation days = 2
|Nov precipitation days = 1
|Dec precipitation days = 3
|year precipitation days = 18
|source 1 = Weatherbase<ref name="Weatherbase">{{cite web
|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=33006&refer=&units=metric
|title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for El Aaiún
|accessdate=}}</ref>
|date=August 2010}}
{{Weather box
|location = El Aaiún (Laayoune)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 22
|Feb high C = 23
|Mar high C = 24
|Apr high C = 25
|May high C = 26
|Jun high C = 28
|Jul high C = 31
|Aug high C = 31
|Sep high C = 30
|Oct high C = 28
|Nov high C = 25
|Dec high C = 22
|Year high C =
|Jan mean C = 17.5
|Feb mean C = 18.5
|Mar mean C = 19.5
|Apr mean C = 20.0
|May mean C = 21.5
|Jun mean C = 23.5
|Jul mean C = 26.0
|Aug mean C = 26.5
|Sep mean C = 25.5
|Oct mean C = 23.5
|Nov mean C = 21.0
|Dec mean C = 18.0
|Year mean C =
|Jan low C = 13
|Feb low C = 14
|Mar low C = 15
|Apr low C = 15
|May low C = 17
|Jun low C = 19
|Jul low C = 21
|Aug low C = 22
|Sep low C = 21
|Oct low C = 19
|Nov low C = 17
|Dec low C = 14
|Year low C =
|Jan precipitation mm = 8
|Feb precipitation mm = 9
|Mar precipitation mm = 4
|Apr precipitation mm = 2
|May precipitation mm = 0
|Jun precipitation mm = 0
|Jul precipitation mm = 0
|Aug precipitation mm = 0
|Sep precipitation mm = 4
|Oct precipitation mm = 4
|Nov precipitation mm = 6
|Dec precipitation mm = 10
|year precipitation mm =
|Jan precipitation days = 6
|Feb precipitation days = 6
|Mar precipitation days = 5
|Apr precipitation days = 3
|May precipitation days = 2
|Jun precipitation days = 0
|Jul precipitation days = 0
|Aug precipitation days = 0
|Sep precipitation days = 1
|Oct precipitation days = 4
|Nov precipitation days = 5
|Dec precipitation days = 6
|year precipitation days =
|unit precipitation days =
|Jan sun = 217
|Feb sun = 232
|Mar sun = 248
|Apr sun = 270
|May sun = 279
|Jun sun = 270
|Jul sun = 279
|Aug sun = 279
|Sep sun = 240
|Oct sun = 248
|Nov sun = 210
|Dec sun = 217
|year sun =
|source 1 = weather2travel.com<ref>[http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/western-sahara/laayoune.php Laayoune Climate Guide] – weather2travel.com</ref>}}
== Kota kembar dan kota saudari ==
{{Portal|Sahara Barat|Afrika|Geografi}}
* {{flagicon|ALG}} [[Aljir]], [[Aljazair]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Renewing the twining agreement between Central Algiers and Wilaya of El Aaiun|url=http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/renewing-twining-agreement-between-central-algiers-and-wilaya-el-aaiun|publisher=[[Sahara Press Service]]|date=2011-10-30|accessdate=2011-11-02|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501181500/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/renewing-twining-agreement-between-central-algiers-and-wilaya-el-aaiun|dead-url=yes}}</ref> (''Sejak 2001'')
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Almería]], [[Spanyol]]<ref name="hermanadas">{{cite web
|url = http://www.aytoalmeria.es/ciudadano/nav/ayuntamiento/concejalias/alcaldia/ciudadesHermanadas/index.jsp
|title = Ciudades Hermanadas
|editor = Ayuntamiento de Almería
|accessdate = 2008-04-12
|archive-date = 2008-01-28
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080128165312/http://www.aytoalmeria.es/ciudadano/nav/ayuntamiento/concejalias/alcaldia/ciudadesHermanadas/index.jsp
|dead-url = yes
}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Avilés]], Spanyol<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aviles.es/AytoAvilesPortal/portal/cn/NavSec/Noticia |title=Balance del viaje realizado por representantes municipales al Sahara |publisher=Aviles.es |date= |accessdate=2011-09-04 |archive-date=2012-05-29 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120529155215/http://aviles.es/AytoAvilesPortal/portal/cn/NavSec/Noticia |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|VEN}} [[Caracas]], [[Venezuela]] (''Sejak 12 Agustus 2005'')
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Málaga]], Spanyol<ref name="Málaga2016">{{cite web|url = http://www.malaga2016.es/es|title = Official website for Malaga's candidature for European capital of culture in 2016|editor = [[Ayuntamiento de Málaga]]|accessdate = 2008-04-02|archive-date = 2009-03-22|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090322110144/http://www.malaga2016.es/es|dead-url = yes}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|URY}} [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/institucional/relaciones-internacionales/documentos/hermanamiento-entre-el-aaiun-y-montevideo |title=Hermanamiento de Montevideo y El Aaiún |publisher=Montevideo.gub.uy |date=2009-12-13 |accessdate=2011-09-04 |archive-date=2012-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202161652/http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/institucional/relaciones-internacionales/documentos/hermanamiento-entre-el-aaiun-y-montevideo |dead-url=yes }}</ref> (''Sejak 13 Desember 2009'')
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Lorca, Spanyol|Lorca]], Spanyol<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.murcia.com/lorca/noticias/2010/11/12-ayuntamiento-lorca-denuncia-agresion-marruecos.asp|title=El Ayuntamiento de Lorca denuncia la agresión de Marruecos contra el Pueblo Saharaui|publisher=Murcia.es|date=2010-11-12|accessdate=2013-02-11|language=es}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sorrento]], [[Italia]] (''Sejak 18 April 2009'')
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Daftar kota di Sahara Barat]]
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{sisterlinks|commons=Category:El Aaiún|b=no|q=no|s=no|n=no|v=no|species=no|m=no|mw=no|voy=El Aaiún|d=Q47837}}
* [http://www.alaoula.ma/laayoune_tv.php Official TV channel]
* [http://www.radiolaayoune.ma/ Official radio channel]
* [http://lexicorient.com/morocco/laayoune.htm Entri dalam Lexicorient] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507120112/http://lexicorient.com/morocco/laayoune.htm |date=2012-05-07 }}
{{Ibu kota di Afrika}}
{{negara-geo-stub|Sahara Barat}}
[[Kategori:Kota di Sahara Barat]]
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