Uttarakhand: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k r2.7.3) (bot Menambah: ur:اتراکھنڈ |
k Mengembalikan suntingan oleh 140.213.162.75 (bicara) ke revisi terakhir oleh Wagino Bot Tag: Pengembalian |
||
| (32 revisi perantara oleh 20 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{Infobox
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Uttarakhand
| official_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
| type = [[Pembagian administratif India|Negara bagian]]
| flag_size = 100px
| image_flag =
| image_blank_emblem = Seal of Uttarakhand.svg
| blank_emblem_size = 100px
| blank_emblem_type = [[Emblem of Uttarakhand|Emblem]]
| anthem = "[[Uttarakhand Devbhumi Matribhumi]]"<ref>{{cite web|title=Now Uttarakhand Will Sing Its Own Official Song|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/city/dehradun/Now-Ukhand-will-sing-its-official-song/articleshow/50882569.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 February 2016|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113150530/https://m.timesofindia.com/city/dehradun/Now-Ukhand-will-sing-its-official-song/articleshow/50882569.cms|archive-date=13 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />("Uttarakhand, Land of the Gods, O Motherland!")
| motto =
| nickname = "Devbhumi"<br />("Land of the Gods")
| image_map = IN-UT.svg
| map_caption = Lokasi Uttarakhand di India
| image_map1 =
| map_caption1 =
| coordinates = {{coord|30.33|78.06|region:IN_type:city|name=Dehradun|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint = [[Dehradun]]
| subdivision_type = Negara
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| established_title = Pembentukan
| established_date = 9 November 2000
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Auli, India.jpg|px200{{!}}
| photo2a = Ganga aarti of haridwar.jpg{{!}}
| photo2b = Badrinath temple DSCN9998.jpg{{!}}
| photo3a = Tussle of tuskers.jpg{{!}}
| photo3b = Kedarnath Temple.jpg{{!}}
| photo4a = RudraprayagConfluence.JPG{{!}}
| photo4b = Governor’s House, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India.jpg{{!}}
| spacing = 2
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 280
| position = center
| space = 2
| foot_montage =
}}
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = '''Searah jarum jam dari atas:''' Pemandangan [[Garhwal Himalaya]] dari [[Auli, India|Auli]], [[Kuil Badrinath]] di [[Badrinath]], [[Kuil Kedarnath]] di [[Kedarnath]], [[Raj Bhavan, Nainital|Raj Bhavan]] di [[Nainital]], pertemuan sungai [[Sungai Alaknanda|Alaknanda]] dan [[Sungai Mandakini|Mandakini]] di [[Rudraprayag]], pertarungan persahabatan dua [[Gajah india]] di [[Taman Nasional Jim Corbett]], dan susana Sore hari [[Aarti]] di [[Har Ki Pauri]] di [[Haridwar]].
| seat_type = [[Daftar ibu kota negara bagian dan wilayah di India|Ibu kota]]
| seat = [[Bhararisain]] (musim panas)
[[Dehradun]] (musim dingin)
| seat1_type = [[Daftar Pengadilan Tinggi India|Kursi yudikatif]]
| seat1 = [[Nainital]]
| seat2_type = [[Daftar negara bagian dan wilayah di India menurut jumlah penduduk|Kota terbesar]]
| seat2 = [[Dehradun]]
| parts_type = [[Pembagian administratif India|Distrik]]
| parts_style = coll
| p1 = {{bulleted list
|[[Distrik Almora|Almora]]
|[[Distrik Bageshwar|Bageshwar]]
|[[Distrik Chamoli|Chamoli]]
|[[Distrik Champawat|Champawat]]
|[[Distrik Dehradun|Dehradun]]
|[[Distrik Haridwar|Haridwar]]
|[[Distrik Nainital|Nainital]]
|[[Distrik Pauri Garhwal|Pauri Garhwal]]
|[[Distrik Pithoragarh|Pithoragarh]]
|[[Distrik Rudraprayag|Rudraprayag]]
|[[Distrik Tehri Garhwal|Tehri Garhwal]]
|[[Distrik Udham Singh Nagar|Udham Singh Nagar]]
|[[Distrik Uttarkashi|Uttarkashi]]
}}
| government_type = [[Pemerintah India|Pemerintah negara]]
| governing_body = [[Pemerintah Uttarakhand]]
| leader_title = [[Daftar Gubernur Uttarakhand|Gubernur]]
| leader_name = [[Gurmit Singh]]
| leader_title1 = [[Daftar Ketua Menteri Uttarakhand|Ketua Menteri]]
| leader_name1 = [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]] ([[Partai Bharatiya Janata|BJP]])<ref>{{cite news |title=Pushkar Singh Dhami: BJP's Pushkar Singh Dhami to be next Uttarakhand chief minister |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pushkar-singh-dhami-to-be-next-uttarakhand-chief-minister/articleshow/84091689.cms |access-date=4 July 2021 |date=4 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
| leader_title2 = [[Daftar Hakim Ketua Pengadilan Tinggi Uttarakhand|Ketua Mahkamah Agung]]
| leader_name2 = [[Vipin Sanghi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Hon'ble the Chief Justice |url=https://highcourtofuttarakhand.gov.in/pages/display/221-honble-the-acting-chief-justice |website=highcourtofuttarakhand.gov.in |access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref>
| leader_title3 = [[Daftar Ketua Majelis Legislatif Uttarakhand|Ketua Majelis]]
| leader_name3 = [[Ritu Khanduri Bhushan]] ([[Partai Bharatiya Janata|BJP]])
| leader_title4 = [[Lembaga legislatif]]
| leader_name4 = *[[Legislatif Negara Bagian (India)|Legislatif Negara Bagian]]<br />''[[Sistem satu kamar]]''
** [[Majelis Legislatif Uttarakhand]]<br />([[Daftar daerah pemilihan Majelis Legislatif Uttarakhand|70 kursi]])
* [[Parlemen India]]<br />''[[Sistem dua kamar]]''
** [[Lok Sabha|Rajya Sabha]]<br />([[Daftar konstituensi parlementer di Uttarakhand|3 kursi]])
** [[Lok Sabha]]<br />([[Daftar konstituensi parlementer di Uttarakhand|5 kursi]])
| unit_pref = Metrik<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_total_km2 = 53,483
| area_rank = [[Daftar negara bagian dan teritori persatuan India berdasarkan wilayah|19]]
| elevation_max_footnotes = <ref>{{cite news |last1=Asian News International |title=Nanda Devi: Operation to retrieve bodies of missing mountaineers hampered by bad weather |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nanda-devi-operation-to-retrieve-bodies-of-missing-mountaineers-hampered-by-bad-weather-1550180-2019-06-16 |work=India Today |date=16 June 2019 |access-date=12 August 2019}}</ref>
| elevation_max_m = 7,816
| elevation_max_point = [[Nanda Devi]]
| elevation_max_rank = [[Daftar negara bagian dan teritori India berdasarkan titik tertinggi|2]]
| elevation_min_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Ichthyofaunal Diversity of Sharda Sagar Reservoir in Tarai Region|url=http://oaji.net/pdf.html%3Fn%3D2017/6036-1522843486.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiM5_K5y8PkAhWGknAKHeL7B-sQFjAOegQICRAB&usg=AOvVaw2vDxLKmM8imKtQxbyVI49S|format=PDF|publisher=Open Academics Journal Index|access-date=9 September 2019}}</ref>
| elevation_min_m = 190
| elevation_min_point = [[Sungai Sharda|Waduk Sharda Sagar]]
| elevation_min_rank =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 10086292
| population_blank1_title = Pria
| population_blank1 = 5,137,773
| population_blank2_title = Wanita
| population_blank2 = 4,948,519
| population_as_of = [[Sensus Penduduk India 2011|2011]]
| population_rank = [[Daftar negara bagian dan wilayah di India menurut jumlah penduduk|21]]
| population_density_km2 = 189
| population_density_rank = [[Daftar negara bagian dan wilayah di India menurut jumlah penduduk|27]]
| population_demonym = [[Orang Uttarakhandi|Uttarakhandi]]
| demographics_type1 = [[Produk domestik bruto|PDB]] (nominal) {{nobold|(2019–20)}}
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="MOSPI">{{cite web|url=http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/press_releases_statements/State_wise_SDP_01_08_2019_for_uploading.xls|title=MOSPI Gross State Domestic Product|date=1 August 2019|website=[[Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation]], [[Government of India]]|access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Total
| demographics1_info1 = {{INRConvert|2.93|lc}} ([[Daftar negara bagian dan teritori persatuan India menurut PDB|20]])<ref>{{cite web |title=GDP per capita of Indian states - StatisticsTimes.com |url=https://statisticstimes.com/economy/india/indian-states-gdp-per-capita.php |website=statisticstimes.com |access-date=17 April 2021}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Per kapita
| demographics1_info2 = {{INRConvert|220275}} ([[Daftar negara bagian India dan wilayah persatuan menurut PDB per kapita|10]])
| demographics_type2 = [[Bahasa di India|Bahasa]]
| demographics2_title1 = [[Bahasa dengan status resmi di India|Resmi]]
| demographics2_info1 = [[Bahasa Hindi|Hindi]]<ref name="2011lang" />
| demographics2_title2 = [[Jadwal Kedelapan Konstitusi India|Pejabat tambahan]]
| demographics2_info2 = [[Bahasa Sanskerta|Sanskrit]]<ref name="sanskrit" /><ref name="sanskrit2" />
| demographics2_title3 = Warga asli
| demographics2_info3 = [[Bahasa Garhwali|Garhwali]], [[Bahasa Kumaoni|Kumaoni]]
dan [[Bahasa Jaunsari|Jaunsari]]
| timezone1 = [[Waktu India|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-UT]]
| registration_plate = [[Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor India|UK 01—XX]]
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia|IPM]] {{nobold|(2018)}}
| blank_info_sec2 = {{increase}} 0.684<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=24 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update|title=Human Development Reports|website=hdr.undp.org|access-date=16 February 2019|archive-date=18 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118122652/http://hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />{{colour|#fc0|sedang}} ([[Daftar negara bagian dan teritori India menurut Indeks Pembangunan Manusia|18]])
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Literasi di India|Literasi]] {{nobold|(2011)}}
| blank1_info_sec2 = 87.60%<ref name="pc-census2020">{{cite web |title=Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban) |url=http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf |website=planningcommission.gov.in |publisher=Planning Commission, Government of India |access-date=3 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2018 |url-status=dead |page=4}}</ref> ([[Daftar negara bagian India dan wilayah persatuan menurut tingkat melek huruf|17]])
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Rasio jenis kelamin manusia|Rasio jenis kelamin]] {{nobold|(2011)}}
| blank2_info_sec2 = 963 [[Wanita|♀]]/1000 [[Pria|♂]]<ref name="pc-census2020" /> ([[Daftar negara bagian dan teritori persatuan India menurut rasio jenis kelamin|14]])
| website = {{URL|uk.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
| module = {{Infobox place symbols
| embedded = yes
| region = Uttarakhand<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmvnl.com/newgmvn/facts/|title=State Symbols of Uttarakhand |publisher=Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam Limited |access-date=1 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715112114/http://www.gmvnl.com/newgmvn/facts/ |archive-date=15 July 2013}}</ref>
| region_type = Negara
| country = {{flag|India}}
| flag =
| emblem =
| nickname =
| motto =
| anthem =
| song =
| language =
| foundation_day = [[Uttarakhand Day]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/uttarakhand-foundation-day-1573128038-1|title=Uttarakhand Foundation Day: All you need to know|author=Goyal, Shikha|website=[[Dainik Jagran|Jagran Josh]]|date=7 November 2019|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref>
| currency =
| calendar =
| dance =
| instrument = [[Dhol]]<ref>{{cite web|language=hi|title=ढोल होगा उत्तराखण्ड का राज्य वाद्य|url=http://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/dehradun-city-12074063.html|publisher=[[Dainik Jagran]]|date=13 February 2015 |access-date=30 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114182237/https://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/dehradun-city-12074063.html|archive-date=14 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
| mammal = [[Rusa Alpine Musk]]
| bird = [[Himalaya Monal]]
| fish = Ikan [[Semah]]<ref>{{cite web|title=State Fishes of India|url=http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20&%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf|publisher=National Fisheries Development Board, Government of India|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=To protect the endangered 'mahaseer' fish, Uttarakhand set to rope in fishermen|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/to-protect-the-endangered-mahaseer-fish-uttarakhand-set-to-rope-in-fishermen/story-BI4UQ3JBbjypkVytn6xjpI.html|author=Sharma, Nihi|work=Hindustan Times|date=1 December 2017|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref>
| butterfly = [[Merak Himalaya Barat]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.devalsari.org/images/Photo-Gallery/Common-Peacock-Male-Papilio-Bianor-Polyctor.jpg |title= Common Peacock Male Papilio Bianor Polyctor |access-date=7 January 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108094143/http://www.devalsari.org/images/Photo-Gallery/Common-Peacock-Male-Papilio-Bianor-Polyctor.jpg |archive-date=8 January 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-to-declare-common-peacock-as-state-butterfly/story-FxHJdVUk9fcVsmPqTvXq1M.html |title=Uttarakhand To Declare Common Peacock As State Butterfly |access-date=9 January 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102220838/http://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-to-declare-common-peacock-as-state-butterfly/story-FxHJdVUk9fcVsmPqTvXq1M.html |archive-date=2 January 2017 |date=18 November 2016 }}</ref>
| flower = [[Pucuk|Brahma Kamal]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uttaraguide.com/statesigns.php |title=Uttarakhand State Signs | Uttarakhand State Tree |publisher=uttaraguide.com |year=2012 |quote=State Flower : Brahma Kamal |access-date=8 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107042757/http://uttaraguide.com/statesigns.php |archive-date=7 November 2012 }}</ref>
| fruit =
| tree = [[Burans]]
| plant =
| vegetable =
| food =
| drink =
| sweet =
| river =
| fossil =
| mineral =
| sport = [[Asosiasi sepak bola|Sepak bola]]<ref>{{cite web|title=फुटबॉल होगा उत्तराखण्ड का राज्य खेल|language=hi|url=http://www.livehindustan.com/news//article1-story-168483.html|work=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Live Hindustan]]|date=27 April 2011|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114141353/https://www.livehindustan.com/news/article1-story-168483.html|archive-date=14 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
| costume =
| colour =
}}
}}
'''Uttarakhand''' ([[bahasa Hindi]]: उत्तराखंड), adalah sebuah [[Negara bagian dan wilayah India|negara bagian]] dari Republik [[India]] yang ke-27 pada [[9 November]], [[2000]]. Uttarakhand berbatasan dengan Daerah Otonomi [[Tibet]] ([[Cina]]) di bagian utara, dan [[Nepal]] di sebelah timur. Sedangkan di bagian barat berbatasan dengan negara bagian [[Himachal Pradesh]] dan Uttar Pradesh di bagian selatan. Negara bagian ini beribu kota di [[Dehradun]].
== Arti nama ==
Negara bagian ini sering disebut sebagai Tanah Dewa (Hindi: देव भूमि, Dev Bhumi) Karena banyak kuil suci Hindu ditemukan di daerah ini. Daerah ini secara tradisional disebut sebagai Uttarakhand di kitab suci Hindu dan [[Bahasa Sanskerta]], sebuah istilah yang berasal dari bahasa Sansekerta "''Uttara''" (उत्तर) yang berarti utara, dan "''khaṇḍ''" (खण्ड्) yang berarti negara atau bagian suatu negara. Uttarakhand memiliki luas wilayah 53.566 km ².
[[Berkas:Evening view of Har-ki-Pauri, Haridwar.jpg|jmpl|kiri|Suasana doa sore di kuil Hindu di kota [[Haridwar]] negara bagian Uttarakhand]]
Uttarakhand adalah tempat bagi beberapa lembaga pendidikan yang penting, termasuk perguruan tinggi teknik tertua di Asia, [[Institut Teknologi India]] di Roorkee dan Govind Ballabh Universitas Pant Pertanian & Technology di Universitas Pantnagar. Lembaga pendidikan lain yang penting yaitu Akademi Militer India di [[Dehradun]], Forest Research Institute di Dehradun, ''Uttaranchal Institute of Technology'' di Dehradun.
== Geografi ==
Uttarakhand memiliki medan memanjang dari Dataran Gangga ke selatan di atas kaki bukit Himalaya ke pegunungan tinggi [[Nanda Dewi]] (7816 m), gunung tertinggi berada sepenuhnya dalam wilayah India. Negara bagian Uttarakhand terdiri dari dua daerah gunung di Garhwal barat dan Kumaon di timur, dan dalam jalur sempit Dataran Gangga selatan. Di pegunungan terdapat gunung [[Garhwal]] yang dianggap suci karena sebagai sumber air dari sungai [[Gangga]] dan [[Yamuna]].
== Demografi ==
Menurut Sensus India tahun 2011 Uttarakhand memiliki penduduk 10.
=== Bahasa ===
Bahasa utama adalah Uttarakhand adalah bahasa [[Hindi]]. Menurut sensus 2001, 88,0% dari populasi negara berbicara bahasa Hindi sebagai bahasa ibu mereka. Ini termasuk juga Ketua Kumaoni dan Garhwali. Bahasa-bahasa daerah termasuk dalam wilayah Himalaya penyebaran bahasa Pahari yang lebih dekat ke Hindi-Nepal sebagai standar, tetapi dihitung oleh pemerintah India sebagai dialek bahasa Hindi. Secara keseluruhan, sensus, beberapa 2,2 juta penutur Garhwali dan 2 juta pembicara dari Kumaoni Di Uttaranchal.
Di antara penduduk Uttarakhand yang Muslim sebagian berbahasa [[Urdu]], versi Muslim dari Hindi populer dengan 5,9%. Karena perpindahan penduduk ada sejumlah kecil penutur bahasa lain seperti Punjabi (2,9%), Bengali (1,5%) dan Nepal (1,1%). Bahasa Inggris diucapkan di seluruh India sebagai bahasa pengantar utama di Uttarakhand.
=== Agama ===
{{Pie chart|caption=Agama di Uttarakhand (2011)<ref>[https://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/state/5-uttarakhand.html]</ref>|label5=[[Agama Buddha|Buddha]]|value8=0.12|label8=Tidak tahu|value7=0.01|label7=Lainnya|color7=White|color6=Brown|value6=0.09|label6=[[Jainisme]]|color5=Yellow|value5=0.15|color4=Dodgerblue|label1=[[Agama Hindu|Hindu]]|value4=0.37|label4=[[Kekristenan|Kristen]]|color3=DarkKhaki|value3=2.34|label3=[[Sikhisme]]|color2=Green|value2=13.95|label2=[[Islam]]|color1=DarkOrange|value1=82.97|color8=Black}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Populasi keagamaan
!Agama
!Populasi
|-
|Hindu
|8.368.636
|-
|Muslim
|1.406.825
|-
|Sikhisme
|236.340
|-
|Kristen
|37.781
|-
|Buddha
|14.926
|-
|Jainisme
|9.183
|-
|Lainnya
|993
|-
|Tidak tahu
|11.608
|}
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala luar ==
* {{en}} [http://ua.nic.in/ Situs Resmi Pemerintah Uttarakhand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061212073403/http://ua.nic.in/ |date=2006-12-12 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.uttarakhand.com/culture/music/index.html Musik dari Uttarakhand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007063505/http://www.uttarakhand.com/culture/music/index.html |date=2007-10-07 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.uttarakhand.com/culture/cuisine/index.html Makanan khas Uttarakhand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010165956/http://www.uttarakhand.com/culture/cuisine/index.html |date=2007-10-10 }}
* {{en}} [http://ua2uk.info/ Uttaranchal to Uttarakhand Conversion]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{en}} [http://uttarakhandmaps.info/ Peta Uttarakhand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127152938/http://uttarakhandmaps.info/ |date=2008-01-27 }}
* {{en}} [http://uttarakhand.org/ Uttarakhand Home Page] Web resmi
* {{en}} [http://www.younguttaranchal.com The Young Uttarakhand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030052658/http://www.younguttaranchal.com/ |date=2020-10-30 }} The Largest Community of Uttarakhandis on Web.
* {{en}} [http://www.rungmung.net/Uttaranchal%20Roads/index.php Uttarakhand Roads on Google Earth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070222110658/http://rungmung.net/Uttaranchal%2520Roads/index.php |date=2007-02-22 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.hamarauttaranchal.com A complete bi-lingual site on Uttarakhand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227162751/http://www.hamarauttaranchal.com/ |date=2021-02-27 }}
{{India}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India]]
| |||