Hiu paus: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
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{{Taxobox
|
| status = VU
| trend = down
| status_system = iucn2.3
| status_ref =<ref name="iucn"/>
| image = Whale shark Georgia aquarium.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Hiu paus dari [[Taiwan]] di [[Akuarium Georgia]]
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| classis = [[Chondrichthyes]]
| subclassis = [[Elasmobranchii]]
|
| ordo = [[Hiu karpet|Orectolobiformes]]
| familia =
| familia_authority = ([[Johannes Peter Müller|Müller]] dan [[Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle|Henle]], [[1839]])
| genus = '''''Rhincodon'''''
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}}
'''Hiu paus'''
Hiu ini mengembara di samudera tropis dan lautan yang beriklim hangat, dan dapat hidup hingga berusia 70 tahun. Spesies ini dipercaya berasal dari sekitar 60 juta tahun yang lalu.
== Deskripsi ==
[[
[[
Cucut geger lintang merupakan hewan terbesar yang masih hidup di dunia, di luar [[paus]].
<!-- In 1868 the Irish natural scientist [[Edward Perceval Wright]] obtained several small whale shark specimens in the Seychelles, but claimed to have observed specimens in excess of {{Convert|15|m|ft|1}}, and tells of reports of specimens surpassing {{Convert|21|m|ft|1}}.
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In a 1925 publication, [[Hugh McCormick Smith|Hugh M. Smith]] described a huge animal caught in a bamboo fish trap in Thailand in 1919. The shark was too heavy to pull ashore, but Smith estimated that the shark was at least {{Convert|17|m|ft|0}} long, and weighed approximately {{Convert|37|t|lb}}. These measurements have been exaggerated to {{Convert|43|t|lb}} and a more precise {{Convert|17.98|m|ft|2}} in recent years. A shark caught in 1994 off [[Tainan County]], southern Taiwan reportedly weighed {{Convert|35.8|t|lb}}.<ref name=Mollet /> There have even been claims of whale sharks of up to {{Convert|23|m|ft|0}} and {{Convert|100|t|lb}}. In 1934 a ship named the ''Maurguani'' came across a whale shark in the Southern Pacific Ocean, rammed it, and the shark consequently became stuck on the prow of the ship, supposedly with {{Convert|4.6|m|ft|1}} on one side and {{Convert|12.2|m|ft|1}} on the other.<ref>Xavier Maniguet, ''Jaws of Death''; 1991.</ref> No reliable documentation exists for these claims and they remain "fish-stories". -->
Sebagai pemakan [[plankton]], yang memperoleh mangsanya dengan menyaring air laut, hiu paus memiliki mulut yang berukuran besar, hingga selebar {{Convert|1
== Agihan dan habitat ==
Geger lintang menghuni semua lautan [[tropika]] dan [[ugahari]] yang bersuhu hangat.
Wilayah jelajahnya pada umumnya tidak melewati lintang 30°, utara maupun selatan.
== Makanan ==
Cucut geger lintang merupakan salah satu dari tiga spesies cucut, yang diketahui makan dengan cara menyaring air laut<!--; (along with the [[basking shark]] and the [[megamouth shark]])-->.
Cucut raksasa ini makan secara pasif dengan cara membuka mulutnya lebar-lebar sambil berenang
<!--The whale shark is an active feeder, targeting concentrations of plankton or fish. It is able to ram filter feed or can gulp in a stationary position. The shark can circulate water at a rate up to 1.7 L/s (3.5 U.S. pint/s).{{Citation needed|date=March 2007}} This is in contrast to the passive feeding [[basking shark]], which does not pump water. Instead, it swims to force water across its gills.<ref name="fishbase" /><ref name="RQBM" />-->
== Ikan yang jinak ==
[[
Terlepas dari ukurannya yang meraksasa, hiu paus diketahui tidak berbahaya bagi manusia.
{{cite book|last=Compagno|first=Leonard J. V.|title=Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date: Bullhead, Mackerel and Carpet Sharks
<!--
==Reproduction==
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On 7 March 2009, marine scientists in the Philippines discovered what is believed to be the smallest living specimen of the whale shark. The young shark, measuring only {{convert|38|cm|in}}, was found with its tail tied to a stake at a beach in Pilar, Philippines, which was released into the wild. Based on this discovery some scientists no longer believe that this area is just a feeding ground; it may also be that this site is a birthing ground as well.<ref name="Sharkpup">{{cite web|last=Tan|first=Jose Ma. Lorenzo|title=Tiny Whale shark pup caught and released in the Philippines|url=http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/news/whale-shark-pup.html#cr|publisher=Wildlife Extra News|accessdate=11 June 2010}}</ref> -->
== Konservasi ==
Populasi geger lintang terancam oleh aktivitas penangkapannya (dengan menggunakan harpun), atau secara tak sengaja terbawa dalam jaring ikan.
[[IUCN]], badan konservasi dunia, karenanya memasukkan populasi geger lintang ini ke dalam status Rentan (''Vulnerable'').
Upaya konservasi dan perlindungan jenis ini juga telah dilakukan beberapa negara, terutama berupa larangan untuk memburu, menangkap, dan memperdagangkan cucut besar ini.
<!--In 2006, [[Resorts World Sentosa]] announced its plans to bring in whale sharks for their marine life park. This was met with opposition from seven notable conservation societies. In 2009, the plan was shelved in favour of a search for other alternatives.<ref>[http://www.asiaone.com/Travel/News/Story/A1Story20090516-141880.html Resorts World considering alternatives to whale shark exhibit]. Asia One Travel.</ref><ref>[http://www.news.com.au/casino-under-fire-over-whale-sharks/story-0-1111119124740 Animal welfare groups oppose whale sharks at Singapore casino]. News Limited.</ref>
In 2010, the [[Deepwater Horizon oil spill|Gulf of Mexico oil spill]] resulted in {{convert|4900000|oilbbl}} of oil flowing into an area south of the [[Mississippi River Delta]], where one-third of all whale shark sightings in the northern part of the gulf have occurred in recent years. Sightings confirmed that the whale sharks were unable to avoid the oil slick which was situated on the surface of the sea where the whale sharks feed for several hours at a time. No dead whale sharks have been found however.<ref>[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/09/100924-whale-sharks-gulf-oil-spill-science-environment/ Whale Sharks Killed, Displaced by Gulf Oil?] National Geographic News.</ref> -->
== Catatan taksonomis ==
Cucut ini adalah satu-satunya anggota dari [[genus
== Catatan kaki ==
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== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|
* [http://www.whaleshark.org/submit.jsp Reporting a whale shark sighting]
* [http://www.whaleshark.org/photographing.jsp How to photograph a whale shark for mark-recapture research]
* [http://forum.ecocean.org/ Whale Shark Research Discussion Forum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117165442/http://forum.ecocean.org/ |date=2007-11-17 }}
* [http://www.utilawhalesharkresearch.com/ Whale Shark Research in Utila, Honduras]
* [http://www.youtube.com/whalesharkfilm
* [http://mozmarinescience.googlepages.com/ Whale Shark research in Mozambique] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831041121/http://mozmarinescience.googlepages.com/ |date=2009-08-31 }}
* {{marinebio|id=47|name=Whale shark, Rhincodon typus}}
* [http://www.whaleshark.org ECOCEAN Whale Shark Photo-identification Library]
* [http://www.whalesharkproject.org Whale Shark Project]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2251464.stm Whale sharks]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041120022910/http://www.time.com/time/asia/2004/boa/boa_soul_donsoll.html TimeAsia.com: Best of Asia, Best Animal Encounter]
* [http://www.nature.org/magazine/spring2003/features/whaleshark.html Whale Shark profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216032806/http://www.nature.org/magazine/spring2003/features/whaleshark.html |date=2007-12-16 }} and [http://www.nature.org/wherewework/centralamerica/belize/work/art10457.html whale sharks in Belize] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215140643/http://www.nature.org/wherewework/centralamerica/belize/work/art10457.html |date=2007-12-15 }} from [[The Nature Conservancy]]
* [http://www.dive-the-world.com/creatures-whale-sharks.htm Diving with whale sharks]
* [http://www.belizescuba.com/whalesharks.lasso Diving with whale sharks in Belize at Gladden Split] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071130043150/http://www.belizescuba.com/whalesharks.lasso |date=2007-11-30 }}
* [http://wetpixel.com/i.php/full/albino-whale-shark-photographed-in-ecuador Albino whale shark photographed in Galapagos]
* Suara Merdeka: [http://www.suaramerdeka.com/v1/index.php/read/news/2012/05/01/117101/Hiu-Cucut-Lintang-Terdampar-di-Pantai-Jepara Hiu Cucut Lintang Terdampar di Pantai Jepara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611103951/http://www.suaramerdeka.com/v1/index.php/read/news/2012/05/01/117101/Hiu-Cucut-Lintang-Terdampar-di-Pantai-Jepara |date=2012-06-11 }}. 01 Mei 2012 20:23 WIB
* Kompas: [http://regional.kompas.com/read/2012/02/25/2020259/Ikan.Paus.Terdampar.di.Brebes Ikan Paus Terdampar di Brebes]. Sabtu, 25 Februari 2012 20:20 WIB
* AntaraNews: [http://www.antaranews.com/view/?i=1243330566c=WBMs=KON Hiu Terperangkap di Teluk Palu Dilepas Warga]. Selasa, 26 Mei 2009 16:36 WIB
* Republika: [http://www.republika.co.id/berita/breaking-news/nasional/09/03/04/35193-nelayan-jepara-temukan-hiu-seberat-satu-ton Nelayan Jepara Temukan Hiu Seberat Satu Ton]. Rabu, 04 Maret 2009 10:18 WIB
{{Taxonbar|from=Q80378}}
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▲[[es:Rhincodon typus]]
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