Virginia Apgar: Perbedaan antara revisi

Apgar lulus dari pendidikan di Mount Holyoye College pada tahun 1929 dan kemudian dari [[Columbia University College of Physician & Surgeon]] pada tahun 1933. Virginia menyelesaikan residency sebagai dokter bedah pada tahun 1937. Walaupun demikian dia tidak disarankan untuk mempraktekanmempraktikan pembedahan oleh Dr. Allen Whipple. Pada tahun 1938 ia menempuh pendidikan dalam bidang anestesia dan kembali ke Columbia pada tahun 1938 sebagai direktur departemen anestesia.

Pada tahun 1949 Virginia Apgar menjadi wanita pertama yang dianugerahkan gelar profesor di {{ lang | en |Columbia University P&S}}. Pada tahun 1953 dia mengenalkan tes pertama yang dikenal sebagai [[Skor Apgar]] bagi bayi yang baru lahir. Dalam test itu dicatat kondisi bayi 1 menit, 5 menit dan 10 menit setelah lahir.

Apgar tidak pernah menikah, dan meninggal pada 7 Agustus 1974 di {{ lang |en |Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center}}.

* Makalah-makalah untuk [[media massa]] populer

* Honorary doctorate, [[New Jersey]] College of Medicine and Dentistry (1967)

* [[Woman of the Year]] in Science, ''[[Ladies Home Journal]]'' (1973)

* {{citeCite journal |authorlast=GoodwinPearce JWJM |year=2005 |title=AVirginia Apgar personal(1909-1974): recollectionneurological evaluation of Virginiathe Apgarnewborn infant |journal=JournalEuropean of Obstetrics and Gynaecology CanadaNeurology |volume=2454 |issue=3 |pages=248–9 |year=2002132–4 |monthdoi=March10.1159/000089084 |pmid=1258524716244485}}

* {{citeCite journal |authorlast=GoldmanGoodwin R,JW Blickstein I|year=2002 |trans_titletitle=Dr.A personal recollection of Virginia Apgar--1909-1974 |language=Hebrew |journal=HarefuahJournal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada |volume=14024 |issue=23 |pages=177–8248–9 |yearpmid=200112585247 |month=February |pmid=11242930 |title=Dr. Virginia Apgar--1909-1974March}}

* {{citeCite journal |authorlast=Mazana Casanova JS |trans_titledate=11 November 2000 |title=Virginia Apgar y su test posnatal medio siglo después |trans-title=Virginia Apgar and her postnatal test half a century later |languageurl=Spanishhttp://www.elsevier.es/revistas/ctl_servlet?_f=7012&articuloid=12405 |journal=Anales Españoles De Pediatría |language=Spanish |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=469 |access-date=112011-03-09 November 2000|titlearchive-date=Virginia Apgar y su test posnatal medio siglo después2013-01-06 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130106225537/http://www.elsevier.es/revistas/ctl_servlet?_f=7012&articuloid=12405 |pmiddead-url=yes }}

* {{citeCite journal |authorlast=JayBaskett VTF |year=2000 |title=OnVirginia aApgar historicaland note:the Dr.newborn VirginiaApgar apgarscore |journal=Pediatric and Developmental PathologyResuscitation |volume=247 |issue=3 |pages=292–4215–7 |yeardoi=199910.1016/S0300-9572(00)00340-3 |pmid=1019135411114450 |doimonth=10.1007/s100249900126November}}

* {{citeCite journal |authorlast=MorishimaJay HOV |year=1999 |title=VirginiaOn Apgara (1909-1974)historical note: Dr. Virginia apgar |journal=ThePediatric Journaland ofDevelopmental PediatricsPathology |volume=1292 |issue=53 |pages=768–70 |year=1996 |month=November |pmid=8917248292–4 |doi=10.10161007/S0022-3476(96)70170-1s100249900126 |pmid=10191354}}

* {{citeCite journal |authorlast=ShampoMorishima MA,HO Kyle RA|year=1996 |title=Virginia Apgar (1909--the Apgar score1974) |journal=MayoThe ClinicJournal Proceedingsof Pediatrics |volume=70129 |issue=75 |pages=680768–70 |yeardoi=199510.1016/S0022-3476(96)70170-1 |monthpmid=July8917248 |pmidmonth=7791393November}}

* {{citeCite journal |authorlast=ButterfieldShampo LJMA, Kyle RA |year=1995 |title=Virginia Apgar,--the MD,Apgar MPhHscore |journal=NeonatalMayo NetworkClinic Proceedings |volume=1370 |issue=67 |pages=81–3680 |yearpmid=19947791393 |month=September |pmid=7854290July}}

* {{citeCite journal |authorlast=Butterfield LJ |year=1994 |title=Virginia Apgar, MD, MPhH (1909-1974) |journal=JournalNeonatal of PerinatologyNetwork |volume=1413 |issue=46 |pages=31081–3 |yearpmid=19947854290 |pmidmonth=7965228September}}

* {{citeCite journal |authorlast=IgnatiusButterfield JLJ |trans_titleyear=1994 |title=Virginia Apgar, MD, MPhH (1909-1974 |language=Finnish) |journal=DuodecimJournal of Perinatology |volume=10914 |issue=14 |pages=54–5 |year=1993310 |pmid=8013307 |title=Virginia Apgar 1909-19747965228}}

* {{citeCite journal |authorlast=Appelgren L |trans_titleyear=1991 |title=The woman behind the Apgar score. Virginia Apgar. The woman behind the scoring system for quality control of the newborn |language=Swedish |journal=Läkartidningen |volume=88 |issue=14 |pages=1304–6 |year=1991 |month=April |pmid=2016983 |trans-title=The woman behind the Apgar score. Virginia Apgar. The woman behind the scoring system for quality control of the newborn |journal=Läkartidningen |language=Swedish |volume=88 |issue=14 |pages=1304–6 |pmid=2016983 |month=April}}

* {{citeCite journal |authorlast=Wilhelmson-Lindell B |trans_titleyear=1990 |title=Virginia Apgar Award to Petter Karlberg. After 45 years of pioneering commission as a pediatrician, the research on body-soul-environment is tempting |language=Swedish |journal=Läkartidningen |volume=87 |issue=40 |pages=3198–200 |year=1990 |month=October |pmid=2232990 |trans-title=Virginia Apgar Award to Petter Karlberg. After 45 years of pioneering commission as a pediatrician, the research on body-soul-environment is tempting |journal=Läkartidningen |language=Swedish |volume=87 |issue=40 |pages=3198–200 |pmid=2232990 |month=October}}

* {{citeCite journal |authorlast=CalmesKovács SHJ |year=1989 |title=VirginiaIn Apgar:commemoration aof womanVirginia physician'sApgar career|trans-title=In incommemoration aof developingVirginia specialtyApgar |journal=JournalOrvosi ofHetilap the American Medical Women's Association|language=Hungarian |volume=39130 |issue=638 |pages=184–82049–50 |yearpmid=19842677904 |pmidmonth=6392395September}}

* {{citeCite journal |authorlast=SchoenbergCalmes DG,SH Schoenberg BS|year=1984 |title=EponymVirginia Apgar: yes,a Virginia,woman therephysician's iscareer anin Apgara scoredeveloping specialty |journal=SouthernJournal of the American Medical JournalWomen's Association |volume=7039 |issue=16 |pages=101 |year=1977 |month=January184–8 |pmid=320667 |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0038-4348&volume=70&issue=1&spage=1016392395}}

* {{citeCite journal |authorlast=FreySchoenberg RDG, BendixenSchoenberg HBS |trans_titleyear=In1977 memoriam|title=Eponym: yes, Virginia, there is an Apgar 1909-1974score |languageurl=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0038-4348&volume=70&issue=1&spage=German101 |journal=DerSouthern AnaesthesistMedical Journal |volume=2670 |issue=1 |pages=45101 |yearpmid=1977320667 |month=January |pmid=319701 |title=In memoriam Virginia Apgar 1909-1974}}

* {{citeCite journal |authorlast=JamesFrey LSR, Bendixen H |year=1977 |title=DedicationIn tomemoriam Virginia Apgar, MD1909-1974 |journaltrans-title=BirthIn Defectsmemoriam OriginalVirginia ArticleApgar Series1909-1974 |journal=Der Anaesthesist |language=German |volume=1226 |issue=51 |pages=xx–xxi45 |yearpmid=1976319701 |pmidmonth=782603January}}

* {{citeCite journal |authorlast=James LS |year=1976 |title=FondDedication memories ofto Virginia Apgar, MD |journal=PediatricsBirth Defects Original Article Series |volume=5512 |issue=15 |pages=1–4 |year=1975 |month=Januaryxx–xxi |pmid=1089236782603}}

* {{citeCite journal |authorlast=James LWLS |year=1975 |title=MemoriesFond memories of Virginia Apgar |journal=TeratologyPediatrics |volume=1055 |issue=31 |pages=213–51–4 |yearpmid=19741089236 |month=December |pmid=4617325 |doi=10.1002/tera.1420100302January}}

* [http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CP/Views/Exhibit/narrative/biographical.html Biography from profiles in science]

* [http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CP/ The Virginia Apgar Papers]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030225022830/http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/apgar.html MIT biography]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020617080907/http://www.greatwomen.org/women.php?action=viewone&id=14 National Women's Hall of Fame]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20000829042202/http://www.apgar.net/virginia/ Grandnephew's memorial page at apga]