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[[ImageBerkas:Cone cell en.png|thumbjmpl|Struktur sel kerucut.]]
'''Reseptor warna''' atau sering juga disebut '''sel kerucut''' ({{lang-en|cone cell}}) adalah sel penerima sinar di dalam [[retina]] mata yang bertanggung jawab terhadap penglihatan warna. Sel kerucut akan bekerja dengan baik pada kondisi yang cukup terang. Sebagai lawannya, sel batang akan bekerja dengan baik pada cahaya yang redup.
 
Osterberg pada tahun 1935 mengatakan, ada sekitar enam juta sel kerucut pada mata manusia.<ref name="Osterberg">G. Osterberg (1935). “Topography of the layer of rods and cones in the human retina,” Acta Ophthalmol., Suppl. 13:6, pp. 1–102.</ref> Sementara Curcio pada tahun 1990 mengatakan ada sekitar 4,5 juta sel kerucut dan 90 juta sel batang pada retina manusia.<ref>{{cite book |title=The human eye: structure and function |url=https://archive.org/details/humaneyestructur0000oyst|last=Oyster |first=C. W. |year=1999 |publisher=Sinauer Associates |location= |page= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Curcio | first1 = CA. | last2 = Sloan | first2 = KR. | last3 = Kalina | first3 = RE. | last4 = Hendrickson | first4 = AE. | title = Human photoreceptor topography. | journal = J Comp Neurol | volume = 292 | issue = 4 | pages = 497–523 | month = Feb | year = 1990 | doi = 10.1002/cne.902920402 | pmid = 2324310 }}</ref>
Sel kerucut kurang sensitif terhadap cahaya dibandingkan sel batang, tapitetapi sel kerucut mampu membedakan warna. Sel kerucut juga dapat melihat detail yang lebih halus dan karena memiliki respon yang cepat terhadap perubahan.<ref name="Kandel">{{cite book
| first = E.R.
| last = Kandel
| authorlink =
| coauthors = Schwartz, J.H, and Jessell, T. M.
| year = 2000
| title = Principles of Neural Science
|url = https://archive.org/details/principlesneural00kand_658
| edition = 4th
| pages = 507–513
|pages = [https://archive.org/details/principlesneural00kand_658/page/n436 507]–513
| publisher = McGraw-Hill
| location = New York
}}</ref>
Karena manusia biasanya memiliki tiga jenis sel kerucut dengan iodopsin berbeda, yang memiliki kurva respon yang berbeda, dengan demikian manusia menanggapi variasi warna dengan cara yang berbeda. Hal ini yang mebuat manusia memiliki penglihatan [[trikromatik]]. Pada kasus but warna, satu atau lebih sel kerucut tidak berfungsi sebagai mana mestinya, sehingga penderita buta warna tidak bisa melihat warna tertentu.
Pernah juga di laporkan bahwa ada manusimanusia yang memiliki empat atau lebih sel kerucut yang membuat mereka memiliki penglihatan [[tetrakromatik]].<ref name="Jameson 2001" >{{cite journal
{{cite journal
|doi=10.3758/BF03196159
|author=Jameson, K. A., Highnote, S. M., & Wasserman, L. M.
Baris 41:
|title=Richer colour experience in observers with multiple photopigment opsin genes
|journal=Psychonomic Bulletin and Review
|volume=8
|issue=2
|pages=244–261
|pmid=11495112
|url=http://www.klab.caltech.edu/cns186/papers/Jameson01.pdf
|format=PDF
|access-date=2012-06-25
}}</ref><ref>
|archive-date=2005-10-19
{{cite news
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051019005154/http://www.klab.caltech.edu/cns186/papers/Jameson01.pdf
|title=You won't believe your eyes: The mysteries of sight revealed
|dead-url=yes
|url=http://news.independent.co.uk/world/science_technology/article2336163.ece
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|publisher=[[The Independent]]
|title=You won't believe your eyes: The mysteries of sight revealed
|date=7 March 2007
|url=http://news.independent.co.uk/world/science_technology/article2336163.ece
|publisher=[[The Independent]]
|date=7 March 2007
|access-date=2012-06-25
|archive-date=2008-07-06
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706001354/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/science_technology/article2336163.ece
|dead-url=yes
}}</ref><ref name="Roth 2006" >
{{cite web
Baris 58 ⟶ 68:
|date= September 13, 2006]
}}</ref>
Kerusakan pada sel kerucut akan menyebapkan kebutaan.
<!--
==Types==
Baris 68 ⟶ 78:
| year = 1982
| title = Colour Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae
| url = https://archive.org/details/colorscienceconc00unse
| edition = 2nd
| pages =
Baris 77 ⟶ 88:
| year = 2004
| title = The Reproduction of Colour
| url = https://archive.org/details/reproductionofco0000hunt
| edition = 6th
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/reproductionofco0000hunt/page/11 11]–12
| pages = 11–12
| publisher = Wiley–IS&T Series in Imaging Science and Technology
| location = Chichester UK
Baris 107 ⟶ 119:
 
==Related Diseases==
One of the diseases related to cone cells present in retina is Retinoblastoma. Retinoblastoma is a rare, cancerous tumor of a part of the eye called the retina. Cancer of the retina common in children which is caused by the mutation of both copies of retinoblastoma genes (RB1). , the protein encoded by RB1 regulates a signal transduction pathway while controlling the cell cycle progression as normally. The scientists have come to a conclusion that retinoblastoma seems to originate in cone precursor cells present in the retina that consist of natural signalling networks which restrict cell death and promote cell survival after losing the RB1. It has been found that TRβ2 which is a transcription factor specifically affiliated with cones is essential for rapid reproduction and existence of the retinoblastoma cell.<ref name="Tumorigenesis: Cone cells set the stage">{{cite journal|last=Skinner|first=Mhairi|title=Tumorigenesis: Cone cells set the stage|journal=Nature Reviews Cancer|date=August|year=2009|volume=9|pages=534|doi=10.1038/nrc2710|accessdate=12 April 2012}}</ref> The drug that will be useful in the treatment of this disease is MDM2 (murine double minute 2) gene. Some of the symptoms include:
-One or both eyes may be affected.
-They pupil may appear white or have white spots. A white glow in the eye is often seen in photographs taken with a flash. Instead of the typical "red eye" from the flash, the pupil may appear white or distorted.
Baris 122 ⟶ 134:
<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002025/</ref>
-->
== Lihat Juga ==
* [[Sel fotoreseptor]]
* [[Sel batang (penglihatan)|Sel batang]]
 
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Pranala Luarluar ==
* {{en}} [http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/sand/main?stype=lite&keyword=cone&Submit=Go&event=display&start=1 Cell Centered Database&nbsp;– Cone cell]
* {{en}} [http://webvision.umh.es/webvision/photo1.html Webvision's ''Photoreceptors'']
* {{en}} [http://www.neuinfo.org/nif/nifgwt.html?query=%22Cone%20Cell%22 NIF Search&nbsp;– Cone Cell] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220045736/http://www.neuinfo.org/nif/nifgwt.html?query=%22Cone%20Cell%22 |date=2012-02-20 }} via the [[Neuroscience Information Framework]]
* {{en}} [http://www.nanobotmodels.com/node/33 Model and image of cone cell] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130104021248/http://www.nanobotmodels.com/node/33 |date=2013-01-04 }}
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[[Kategori:Penglihatan]]
[[Kategori:Anatomi mata]]
[[Kategori:SistemSel penglihatanreseptor cahaya]]
 
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[[ca:Con (cèl·lula)]]
[[cs:Čípek (oko)]]
[[da:Tap (synet)]]
[[de:Zapfen (Auge)]]
[[en:Cone cell]]
[[eo:Konĉelo]]
[[es:Cono (célula)]]
[[et:Kolvikesed]]
[[eu:Kono (zelula)]]
[[fa:یاختهٔ مخروطی]]
[[fi:Tappisolu]]
[[fr:Cône (biologie)]]
[[gl:Cono (célula)]]
[[is:Keila (ljósnemi)]]
[[it:Cellula cono]]
[[ja:錐体細胞]]
[[ko:원추세포]]
[[lt:Kūgeliai]]
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[[pt:Cone (célula)]]
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