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{{Other uses|TBF}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
|name =TBF/TBM Avenger
|image =File:Grumman TBF-1 Avengers in flight, Avengercirca in Flight1942.jpg
|caption =
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
|type =[[TorpedoPesawat bomberpembom torpedo]]
|manufacturer = [[Grumman]] <br>[[General Motors]]
|designer =
Baris 22 ⟶ 21:
|}
 
'''[[Grumman]] TBF Avenger''' (ditujukan oleh '''TBM''' untuk pesawat yang diproduksi [[General Motors]]) adalah sebuah [[torpedopesawat bomberpembom torpedo]] yang dikembangkan untuk [[United States Navy]] dan [[Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat|Angkatan Laut]], dan akhirnya digunakan oleh beberapa angkatan udara dan angkatan laut di seluruh dunia.
 
== Referensi ==
The Avenger entered U.S. service in 1942, and first saw action during the [[Battle of Midway]]. Despite losing five of the six Avengers on its combat debut, it survived in service to become one of the outstanding torpedo bombers of [[World War II]]. Greatly modified after the war, it remained in use until the 1960s.
{{Reflist}}
{{Refbegin}}
* Drendel, Lou. ''TBF/TBM Avenger Walk Around''. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 2001. ISBN 0-89747-424-4.
* Drendel, Lou. "Grumman TBF/TBM Avenger". ''U.S. Navy Carrier Bombers of World War II''. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1987, pp.&nbsp;89–120. ISBN 0-89747-195-4.
* Fletcher, R.G. ''Front Line Avenger Squadrons of the FAA''. Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, UK: R.G. Fletcher, 1995. ISBN 0-9518877-1-8.
* Francillon, René. ''Grumman (Eastern) TBF (TBM) Avenger (Aircraft in Profile 214)''. London: Profile Publications Ltd., 1970. No ISBN.
* Geelen, Janic. ''The Topdressers.'' Auckland: NZ Aviation Press, 1983. ISBN 0-9597642-0-8.
* Hove, Duane. ''American Warriors: Five Presidents in the Pacific Theater of World War II''. Shippensburg, Pennsylvania: Burd Street Press, 2003. ISBN 1-57249-260-0.
* Jackson, B.R. and Thomas E. Doll. ''Grumman TBF/TBM "Avenger" (Aero Series 21)''. Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers, Inc., 1970. ISBN 0-8168-0580-6.
* Jackson, B.R. and Thomas E. Doll. ''Supplement to Grumman TBF/TBM "Avenger"''. Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers, Inc., 1970. ISBN 0-8168-0582-2.
* Kinzey, Bert. ''TBF & TBM Avenger in Detail & Scale''. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1997. ISBN 1-888974-06-0.
* Pelletier, Alain. ''Grumman TBF/TBM Avenger'' {{fr}}. Paris: Ouest France, 1981. ISBN 2-85882-311-1.
* Prange, Gordon William et al. ''Miracle at Midway''. New York: Viking, 1983. ISBN 0-14-006814-7.
* Scrivner, Charles L. ''TBF/TBM Avenger in Action''. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1987. ISBN 0-89747-197-0.
* Skulski, Przemyslaw. ''Grumman Avenger (Seria Pod Lupa 5)''. Wroclaw, Poland: Ace Publications, 1997. ISBN 83-86153-40-7.
* Tillman, Barrett. ''Avenger at War''. London: Ian Allan Ltd., 1979. ISBN 0-7110-0957-0.
* Tillman, Barrett. ''TBF/TBM Avenger Units of World War 2''. Botley, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1999. ISBN 1-85532-902-6.
* Treadwell, Terry C. ''Grumman TBF/TBM Avenger''. Mount Pleasant, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-7524-2007-0.
* Wheeler, Barry C. ''The Hamlyn Guide to Military Aircraft Markings.'' London: Chancellor press, 1992. ISBN 1-85152-582-3.
{{Refend}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
Avenger digunakan Amerika Serikat sejak 1942, dan pertama kali terlihat selama [[Pertempuran Midway]]. Meski lima dari enam Avengers kalah pada debut tempur, ia bertahan menjadi salah satu pembom torpedo dalam [[Perang Dunia II]]. Banyak dimodifikasi setelah perang, Avenger itu tetap digunakan sampai tahun 1960-an.
[[hr:{{Commons|TBF Avenger]]}}▼
* [http://www.acepilots.com/planes/avenger.html The Avenger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430045426/http://acepilots.com/planes/avenger.html |date=2013-04-30 }}
* [http://www.warbirdsresourcegroup.org/NARG/avengerwalkaround.html Walkaround] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405062959/http://www.warbirdsresourcegroup.org/NARG/avengerwalkaround.html |date=2023-04-05 }}
* [http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq15-2.htm History.navy.mil "Flight 19"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060414012253/http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq15-2.htm |date=2006-04-14 }}
* [http://www.americanairpowermuseum.com/htm/avenger.htm American Air Power Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017234949/http://www.americanairpowermuseum.com/htm/avenger.htm |date=2006-10-17 }}
* [http://www.scribd.com/doc/56154104 1945 dated manual AN-01-190EB-1 Pilots Handbook of Flight Operating Instructions Navy Model TBM-3 Airplane]
* [http://i-ota.net/TBMAvenger/ Spherical panoramas, inside and out, of TBM Refurb, Valiant Air Command, Titusville, FL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430012154/http://i-ota.net/TBMAvenger/ |date=2015-04-30 }}
 
{{Grumman aircraft}}
 
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