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[[File:Historical dictators.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Pemimpin abad ke-20 yang biasanya digambarkan sebagai diktator, dari kiri ke kanan dan atas ke bawah, meliputi [[Josef Stalin]], [[Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Komunis Uni Soviet|Sekretaris Jenderal]] [[Partai Komunis Uni Soviet]]; [[Adolf Hitler]], [[Führer]] [[Jerman Nazi]]; [[Augusto Pinochet]], [[Daftar Presiden Chili|Presiden]] [[Pemerintahan militer Chili (1973–1990)|Chili]]; [[Mao Zedong]], [[Ketua Partai Komunis Tiongkok|Ketua]] [[Partai Komunis Tiongkok]]; [[Benito Mussolini]], [[Duce]] dan [[Perdana Menteri Italia|Perdana Menteri]] [[Kerajaan Italia di bawah Fasisme (1922-1943)|Italia]]; dan [[Kim Il-sung]], [[Daftar pemimpin Korea Utara|Pemimpin Tertinggi]] [[Korea Utara]].]]
{{Bentuk Pemerintah}}
[[File:Retrato de Julio César (26724093101) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|[[Julius Caesar]] outmaneuvered his opponents in Ancient Rome to install himself as dictator for life.]]
{{politik}}
{{multiple image|direction=vertical|width=300|align=right|image1=2021 Freedom House world map.png|image2=Democracy Index 2020.svg|caption1=Klasifikasi negara-negara menurut Freedom House dalam survei ''Freedom in the World 2021'' tentang keadaan kebebasan dunia pada tahun 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://freedomhouse.org/explore-the-map?type=fiw&year=2021|title=Freedom in the World Countries|publisher=[[Freedom House]]|website=freedomhouse.org|language=en|access-date=13 Juni 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Repucci|first1=Sarah|last2=Slipowitz|first2=Amy|url=https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/FIW2021_World_02252021_FINAL-web-upload.pdf|title=Freedom in the World 2021 – Democracy under Siege|publisher=Freedom House|date=25 Februari 2021|language=en|access-date=13 Juni 2021}}</ref><center>{{legend inline|#16A983|Bebas (86)}} {{legend inline|#E5B63B|Sebagian bebas (59)}} {{legend inline|#6973A5|Tidak bebas (50)}}</center>|caption2=[[Indeks Demokrasi|Indeks demokrasi tahun 2020]] menurut ''[[Economist Intelligence Unit]]'' yang mana negara-negara yang ditandai dengan dua jenis warna merah diklasifikasikan sebagai tidak demokratis dan bentuk pemerintahannya sering kali bersifat [[Diktatur|kediktatoran]].<ref name="Index 2020">{{Cite web|url=https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2020|title=Democracy Index 2020: In sickness and in health?|publisher=[[Economist Intelligence Unit]]|website=eiu.com|url-access=registration|date=2 Februari 2021|language=en|access-date=13 Juni 2021}}</ref></center>}}
'''Diktator''' adalah seorang pemimpin [[negara]] yang memerintah secara [[otoriter]]/[[tirani]] dan menindas rakyatnya. Biasanya seorang diktator naik takhta dengan menggunakan kekerasan, seringkali dengan sebuah [[kudeta]]. Tetapi ada pula diktator yang naik takhta secara [[Demokrasi|demokratis]]. Contoh yang paling terkenal adalah [[Adolf Hitler]].
 
'''Diktator''' adalah seorang pemimpin politik yang memiliki [[kekuasaan]] absolut. [[Diktatur|Kediktatoran]] adalah negara yang diperintah oleh seorang diktator atau sebuah pemerintahan.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite journal|date=July 2001|title=Lessons in On-Line Reference Publishing''Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary''. Merriam-Webster''Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Thesaurus''. Merriam-Webster''Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Encyclopedia''. Merriam-Webster|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/603287|journal=The Library Quarterly|volume=71|issue=3|pages=392–399|doi=10.1086/603287|issn=0024-2519|s2cid=148183387}}</ref> Kata ini berasal dari gelar [[diktator Romawi]] yang dipilih oleh [[Senat Romawi]] untuk memerintah republik pada masa darurat.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite journal|date=July 2001|title=Lessons in On-Line Reference Publishing''Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary''. Merriam-Webster''Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Thesaurus''. Merriam-Webster''Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Encyclopedia''. Merriam-Webster|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/603287|journal=The Library Quarterly|volume=71|issue=3|pages=392–399|doi=10.1086/603287|issn=0024-2519|s2cid=148183387}}</ref> Seperti istilah “[[tiran]]” dan “[[Autokrasi|otokrat]]”, diktator kemudian digunakan hampir secara eksklusif sebagai istilah non-tituler untuk pemerintahan yang menindas. Dalam penggunaan modern, istilah diktator umumnya digunakan untuk menggambarkan seorang pemimpin yang memegang atau menyalahgunakan kekuasaan pribadi yang luar biasa.
Seringkali diktator dibedakan dengan [[despot]]. Seorang despot berkuasa secara sewenang-wenang pula, tetapi kadangkala ada pula despot yang 'baik'.
 
== DiktatorismeEtimologi ==
Kata diktator berasal dari kata [[bahasa Latin]] ''dictātor'', kata benda dari ''dictare'' ({{lit}} mengucapkan berulang-ulang, menegaskan, memerintah).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, dicto |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=dicto |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Oxford English Dictionary |url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/52304?p=emailAOE6bjQCOi1ZQ&d=52304}}</ref> Seorang diktator adalah seorang [[hakim Romawi]] yang diberi kekuasaan tunggal untuk jangka waktu terbatas.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Le Glay, Marcel.|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/760889060|title=A history of Rome|date=2009|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=978-1-4051-8327-7|oclc=760889060|access-date=2020-05-21|archive-date=2020-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725132827/http://worldcat.org/oclc/760889060|url-status=live}}</ref> Awalnya "diktaktor" adalah istilah untuk menyebutkan pengangkatan hukum darurat di [[Republik Romawi]] dan budaya Etruria, dan tidak memiliki makna negatif seperti sekarang. Istilah ini mulai mengalami pergeseran makna negatif dengan naiknya [[Cornelius Sulla]] ke jabatan diktator setelah perang saudara Sulla, menjadikan dirinya sebagai Diktator pertama di Roma dalam lebih dari satu abad (di mana jabatan tersebut seolah-olah dihapuskan) serta secara ''de facto'' menghilangkan batas waktu dan kebutuhan aklamasi senator.
'''Diktatorisme''' adalah sebuah paham yang artinya diambil dari kata "diktator" artinya orang yang memerintah suatu negara/pemerintahan dengan hak-hak dan kekuasaan absolut dan -isme yang berarti sebuah pemahaman maka disimpulkan diktatorisme adalah sebuah paham yang dianut oleh suatu negara untuk dipimpin oleh seorang pemimpin otoriter yang mempunyai hak dan kewajiban absolut. Adapun diktatorisme cenderung lebih banyak dipraktikkan di negara-negara Eropa seperti [[Jerman]], [[Polandia]], [[Perancis]], dan [[Italia]].
 
Ia menghindari krisis konstitusional yang besar dengan mengundurkan diri dari jabatannya setelah sekitar satu tahun, dan meninggal beberapa tahun kemudian. [[Julius Caesar]] mengikuti contoh Sulla pada tahun 49 SM dan pada bulan Februari 44 SM diproklamasikan sebagai ''Dictator perpetuo'' (Diktator abadi), secara resmi menghapuskan segala batasan atas kekuasaannya, yang ia pertahankan hingga ia dibunuh bulan berikutnya. Setelah pembunuhan Caesar, ahli warisnya Augustus ditawari gelar diktator, tetapi ia menolaknya. Para penerusnya kemudian juga menolak gelar diktator, dan penggunaan gelar tersebut segera berkurang di antara para penguasa Romawi.
 
== Daftar diktator ==
Baris 13 ⟶ 15:
! Nama !! Negara !! Tahun berkuasa !! Akhir berkuasa !! [[Ideologi]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Afewerki Isaias</span> [[Isaias Afewerki]] || {{flag|Eritrea}} || 1991 || presentpetahana ||▼
| [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia]]<ref name="cbs" >"[http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503543_162-20055835-503543/the-worlds-enduring-dictators/ The world's enduring dictators]". CBS News. May 16, 2011.</ref> || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 2005 || petahana || [[Negara Islam|Islamik]] [[Monarki absolut|monarki]]
|-
▲| <span style="display:none">Afewerki Isaias</span> [[Isaias Afewerki]] || {{flag|Eritrea}} || 1991 || present ||
[[Nasionalisme|Nasionalis]] [[Diktator konstitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Amin Idi</span> [[Idi Amin]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flag|Uganda}} || 1971 || 1979 || [[Diktator militer]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Assad Bashar</span> [[Bashar al-Assad]]<ref name="cbs">"[http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503543_162-20055835-503543/the-worlds-enduring-dictators/ The world's enduring dictators] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609095126/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503543_162-20055835-503543/the-worlds-enduring-dictators/ |date=2013-06-09 }}". CBS News. May 16, 2011.</ref> || {{flag|SyriaSuriah}} || 2000 || petahana2024 || [[Ba'athisme]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Assad Hafez</span> [[Hafez al-Assad]] || {{flag|SyriaSuriah}} || 1970 || 2000 || [[Ba'athisme]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Bainimarama Frank</span> [[Frank Bainimarama]] || {{flag|Fiji}} || 2006 || petahana || [[Diktator militer]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Barre Siad</span> [[Siad Barre]] || {{flagicon image|Flag of Somalia.svg}} [[SomaliRepublik DemocraticDemokratik RepublicSomalia|Somalia]] || 1969 || 1991 || [[Komunisme|Komunis]] [[Diktator militer]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Bashir Omar</span> [[OmarUmar al-BashirBasyir]]<ref name="cbs" /> || {{flagicon image|Flag of Sudan.svg}} [[Sudan]] || 1989 || petahana2019 || [[Diktator militer|Militer]]/[[Diktator konstitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Batista Fulgencio</span> [[Fulgencio Batista]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flag|CubaKuba}} || 1952 || 1959 || [[Anti-komunisme|Anti-komunis]] [[Diktator militer]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Berdimuhamedow Gurbanguly</span> [[Gurbanguly BerdimuhamedowBerdimukhammedov]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flag|Turkmenistan}} || 2006 || petahana || [[Nasionalisme|Nasionalis]] [[Diktator konstitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Bokassa Jean-Bédel</span> [[Jean- Bédel Bokassa]] || {{flag|CentralRepublik AfricanAfrika RepublicTengah}} || 1966 || 1979 || [[Anti-komunisme|Anti-komunis]] [[Diktator militer]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">BolkiahBongo HassanalOmar</span> [[HassanalOmar BolkiahBongo]] || {{flag|BruneiGabon}} || 1967 || petahana2009 || [[SultanDiktator konstitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">BongoBozizé OmarFrançois</span> [[OmarFrançois BongoBozizé]] || {{flag|GabonRepublik Afrika Tengah}} || 19672003 || 20092013 || [[Diktator konstitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">BozizéCastro FrançoisFidel</span> [[FrançoisFidel BozizéCastro]] || {{flag|Central African RepublicKuba}} || 20031959 || petahana2008 || [[DiktatorMarxisme-Leninisme|Marxis-Leninis]] konstitusional[[Komunisme]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Castro FidelRaúl</span> [[FidelRaúl Castro]] || {{flag|CubaKuba}} || 19592008 || 2008 2018|| [[Marxisme-Leninisme|Marxis-Leninis]] [[Komunisme]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">CastroCeaușescu RaúlNicolae</span> [[RaúlNicolae CastroCeaușescu]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flagflagicon image|CubaFlag of Romania (1965-1989).svg}} ||[[Republik 2008Sosialis Rumania|Rumania]] || petahana1965 || [[Marxisme-Leninisme1989 ||Marxis-Leninis]] [[Komunisme]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">CeaușescuChiang NicolaeKai-shek</span> [[NicolaeChiang CeaușescuKai-shek]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flagicon imageflag|Flag ofRepublik Romania (1965-1989).svgTiongkok}}|| [[Communist Romania|Romania]]1927 || 19651975 || 1989[[Kuomintang|Nasionalis China]]/[[Anti-komunisme||Anti-komunis]] [[KomunismeDiktator militer]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">ChiangCompaore Kai-shekBlaise</span> [[ChiangBlaise Kai-shekCompaoré]]<ref name="cbs" /> || {{flag|RepublicBurkina of ChinaFaso}} || 19271987 || 19752014 || [[Kuomintang|Nasionalis China]]/[[Anti-komunisme|Anti-komunis]] [[Diktator militerkonstitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">CompaoreDeby BlaiseIdriss</span> [[BlaiseIdriss CompaoréDéby]]<ref name="cbs" /> || {{flag|Burkina FasoChad}} || 19871990 || petahana 2021|| [[Diktator militer|Militer]]/[[Diktator konstitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">DebyDiaz IdrissPorfirio</span> [[IdrissPorfirio DébyDiaz]]<ref name="cbs" /> || {{flag|ChadMeksiko|1893}} || 19901876 || petahana1911 || [[Diktator militer|Militer]]/[[Diktator konstitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">DiazDoo-hwan PorfirioChun</span> [[PorfirioCheon DíazDuhwan]] || {{flag|Mexico|1893Korea Selatan}} || 18761979 || 19111988 || [[Diktator militer|Militer]]/[[Diktator konstitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Doo-hwanDollfuss ChunEngelbert</span> [[ChunEngelbert Doo-hwanDollfuss]] || {{flagflagicon image|SouthFlag of KoreaAustria.svg}} [[Republik Austria Pertama|Austria]]|| 19791932 || 19881934 || [[DiktatorNasionalis militerAustria|MiliterNasionalisme]]/[[Diktator konstitusionalAustrofasisme|Fasisme]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">DollfussDuvalier EngelbertFrancois</span> [[EngelbertFrançois DollfussDuvalier]] || {{flagicon imageflag|Flag of Austria.svgHaiti|1964}} [[First Republic of Austria|Austria]] || 19321957 || 19341971 || [[Nasionalis AustriaAnti-komunisme|NasionalismeAnti-komunis]]/ [[Austrofasisme|FasismeDiktator militer]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Duvalier FrancoisJean Claude</span> [[FrançoisJean Claude Duvalier]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flag|Haiti|1964}} || 19571971 || 19711986 || [[Anti-komunisme|Anti-komunis]] [[Diktator militerkonstitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">MahathirFranco MohamadFrancisco</span> [[MahathirFrancisco MohamadFranco]] || {{flagflagicon image|MalaysiaFlag of Spain 1945 1977.svg}} [[Spanyol di bawah Francisco Franco|Spanyol]]|| 19811939 || 20031975 || [[Nasionalisme|Nasionalis]]/[[Falangisme|Fasis]] [[Diktator konstitusionalmiliter]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">DuvalierFujimori Jean ClaudeAlberto</span> [[JeanAlberto Claude DuvalierFujimori]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flag|Haiti|1964Peru}} || 19711990 || 19862000 || [[Anti-komunisme|Anti-komunis]] [[Diktator konstitusional]] ([[Fujimorisme]])
|-
| <span style="display:none">FrancoGaddafi FranciscoMuammar</span> [[FranciscoMuammar FrancoKhadafi]]<ref name="cbs" /> || {{flagicon imageflag|Libya|Flag of Spain 1945 1977.svg}} [[Francoist Spain|Spain]] || 19391969 || 19752011 || [[Nasionalisme|NasionalisSosialis Arab]]/[[Falange|FasisPan-Afrikanisme]] ([[DiktatorTeori militerInternational Ketiga|Gaddafisme]])
|-
| <span style="display:none">FujimoriGayoom AlbertoMaumoon Abdul</span> [[AlbertoMaumoon Abdul FujimoriGayoom]] || {{flag|PeruMaladewa}} || 19901978 || 20002008 || [[Anti-komunisme|Anti-komunis]] [[Diktator konstitusional]] ([[Fujimorisme]])
|-
| <span style="display:none">GaddafiGottwald MuammarKlemen</span> [[MuammarKlement GaddafiGottwald]]<ref name="cbs" /> || {{flag|Libya|1977Cekoslowakia}} || 19691948 || 20111953 || [[Sosialis Arab]]/[[Pan-Afrikanisme]] ([[Teori International Ketiga|GaddafismeKomunisme]])
|-
| <span style="display:none">Gayoom MaumoonGuelleh AbdulIsmaïl Omar</span> [[MaumoonIsmail AbdulOmar GayoomGuelleh]] || {{flag|MaldivesDjibouti}} || 19781999 || 2008petahana || [[Sosialisme|Sosialis]] [[Diktator konstitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">GottwaldHitler KlementAdolf</span> [[KlementAdolf GottwaldHitler]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flagflagcountry|CzechoslovakiaJerman Nazi}} || 19481933 || 19531945 || [[KomunismeNazisme]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Hoxha Guelleh Ismaïl OmarEnver</span> [[Ismaïl OmarEnver GuellehHoxha]] || {{flagflagicon image|DjiboutiFlag of Albania 1946.svg}} [[Republik Rakyat Sosialis Albania|Albania]]|| 19991944 || petahana1985 || [[SosialismeMarxisme-Leninisme|SosialisMarxis-Leninis]] [[DiktatorKomunisme]], konstitusional[[Maoisme]] ([[Hoxhaisme]])
|-
| <span style="display:none">HitlerHo AdolfChi Minh</span> [[AdolfHo HitlerChi Minh]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flagcountryflag|NaziVietnam GermanyUtara}} || 19331954 || 19451969 || [[NazismeKomunisme]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">HoxhaHonecker EnverErich</span> [[EnverErich HoxhaHonecker]] || {{flagicon imageflag|FlagJerman of Albania 1946.svgTimur}} [[People's Socialist Republic of Albania|Albania]] || 19441971 || 19851989 || [[Marxisme-Leninisme|Marxis-Leninis]] [[Komunisme]], [[Maoisme]] ([[Hoxhaisme]])
|-
| <span style="display:none">HoHorthy Chi MinhMiklos</span> [[HoMiklós Chi MinhHorthy]] || {{flagflagcountry|NorthKerajaan VietnamHungaria}} || 19541920 || 19691944 || [[KomunismeAnti-komunis]]/[[Fasisme|Fasis]] [[Diktator militer]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Hussein Saddam</span> [[Saddam Hussein]]<ref name="time" >"[http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2097426_2097427_2097445,00.html Top 15 Toppled Dictators] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910235441/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2097426_2097427_2097445,00.html |date=2012-09-10 }}". ''Time''. October 20, 2011.</ref> || {{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq, 1991-2004.svg}} [[HistoryDewan ofKomando IraqRevolusioner under Ba'athist ruleIrak|IraqIrak]] || 1979 || 2003 || [[Ba'athisme]]▼
| <span style="display:none">Honecker Erich</span> [[Erich Honecker]] || {{flag|East Germany}} || 1971 || 1989 || [[Komunisme]]▼
|-
| <span style="display:none">HorthyKagame MiklosPaul</span> [[MiklósPaul HorthyKagame]] || {{flagcountryflag|Kingdom of HungaryRwanda}} || 19201994 || 1944petahana || [[Anti-komunisDiktator militer]]/[[Fasisme|Fasis]] [[Diktator militerkonstitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Karimov Islam</span>[[Islam Karimov]]<ref name="cbs" /> || {{flag|Uzbekistan}} || 1990 || 2016 || [[Nasionalisme|Nasionalis]] [[Diktator konstitusional]]
▲| <span style="display:none">Hussein Saddam</span> [[Saddam Hussein]]<ref name="time" >"[http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2097426_2097427_2097445,00.html Top 15 Toppled Dictators]". ''Time''. October 20, 2011.</ref> || {{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq, 1991-2004.svg}} [[History of Iraq under Ba'athist rule|Iraq]] || 1979 || 2003 || [[Ba'athisme]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">KagameKhan PaulAyub</span> [[PaulAyub Khan (Field Marshal)|Ayub KagameKhan]] || {{flag|RwandaPakistan}} || 19941958 || petahana1969 || [[Diktator militer]]/[[DiktatorKediktatoran konstitusionalkonsitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">KarimovKhan IslamYahya</span> [[IslamYahya KarimovKhan]]<ref name="cbs" /> || {{flag|UzbekistanPakistan}} || 19901969 || petahana1971 || [[NasionalismeDiktator militer|NasionalisMilitary]] /[[DiktatorKediktatoran konstitusionalkonsitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">KhanKhomeini AyubAyatollah</span> [[Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)|AyubRuhollah KhanKhomeini]] || {{flag|PakistanIran}} || 19581979 || 19691989 || [[MilitaryIslam dictatorship|MilitaryShia]]/ [[Constitutional dictatorshipteokrasi]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">KhanKhamenei YahyaAyatollah</span> [[YahyaAli KhanKhamenei]]<ref name="cbs" /> || {{flag|PakistanIran}} || 19691989 || 1971petahana || [[MilitaryIslam dictatorship|MilitaryShia]]/ [[Constitutional dictatorshipteokrasi]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">KhomeiniKim AyatollahIl-sung</span> [[Ruhollah Khomeini|AyatollahKim KhomeiniIl-sung]] || {{flag|IranKorea Utara}} || 19791948 || 19891994 || [[Shia Islam|Shia Islamic]] [[theocracyJuche]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">KhameneiKim AyatollahJong-il</span> [[Ali Khamenei|AyatollahKim KhameneiJong-il]]<ref name="cbs" /> || {{flag|IranKorea Utara}} || 19891994 || present2011 || [[Shia Islam|Shia Islamic]] [[theocracyJuche]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Kim IlJong-sungun</span> [[Kim IlJong-sungun]] || {{flag|NorthKorea KoreaUtara}} || 19482011 || 1994petahana || [[Juche]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">KimLukashenko Jong-ilAlexander</span> [[KimAleksandr Jong-ilLukashenko]]<ref name="cbs" /> || {{flag|North KoreaBelarusia}} || 1994 || 2011petahana || [[JucheDiktator konsitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">KimMao Jong-unZedong</span> [[KimMao Jong-unZedong]] || {{flag|North KoreaTiongkok}} || 20111949 || present1976 || [[JucheMaoisme]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">LukashenkoMarcos AlexanderFerdinand</span> [[AlexanderFerdinand LukashenkoMarcos]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flag|BelarusFilipina}} || 19941972 || present1986 || [[ConstitutionalKediktatoran dictatorshipkonsitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">MahathirMengistu MohamadHaile Mariam</span> [[MahathirMengistu MohamadHaile Mariam]] || {{flagflagicon image|MalaysiaFlag of Ethiopia (1975-1987, 1991-1996).svg}} [[Derg|Ethiopia]] || 19811977 || 20031991 || [[ConstitutionalKomunisme]] [[Diktator dictatorshipmiliter]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">MaoMetaxas ZedongIoannis</span> [[MaoIoannis ZedongMetaxas]] || {{flag|ChinaYunani}} || 19491936 || 19761941 || [[MaoismNasionalisme Yunani|Nasionalisme]]/[[Fasisme]] [[Diktator militer]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">MarcosMobutu FerdinandSese Seko</span> [[FerdinandMobutu MarcosSese Seko]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flag|PhilippinesZaire}} || 1972 1967|| 19861997 || [[ConstitutionalDiktator dictatorshipmiliter]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">MengistuMubarak Haile MariamHosni</span> [[MengistuHosni Haile MariamMubarak]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flagicon imageflag|Flag of Ethiopia (1975-1987, 1991-1996).svgMesir}} [[Derg|Ethiopia]] || 19771981 || 19912011 || [[Communism|Communist]] [[militaryKediktatoran dictatorshipkonsitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">MetaxasMugabe IoannisRobert</span> [[IoannisRobert MetaxasMugabe]]<ref name="cbs" /> || {{flag|Greece|oldZimbabwe}} || 19361980 || 19412017 || [[GreekKediktatoran nationalism|Nationalist]]/[[Fascism|Fascistkonsitusional]], [[militaryNasionalisme dictatorshiphitam]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">MobutuMuseveni Sese SekoYoweri</span> [[MobutuYoweri Sese SekoMuseveni]]<ref name="timecbs" /> || {{flag|ZaireUganda}} || 19671986 || 1997petahana || [[MilitaryDiktator militer]]/[[Kediktatoran dictatorshipkonsitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">MubarakMusharraf HosniPervez</span> [[HosniPervez MubarakMusharraf]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flag|EgyptPakistan}} || 19811998 || 20112008 || [[ConstitutionalPakistani nasionalisme]][[Diktator dictatorshipmiliter]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">MugabeMussolini RobertBenito</span> [[RobertBenito MugabeMussolini]]<ref name="cbstime" /> || {{flagflagicon image|ZimbabweFlag_of_Italy_(1861-1946).svg}}[[Kerajaan Italia (1861–1946)|Kerajaan Italia]] || 19801922 || present1943 || [[Constitutional dictatorshipFasisme]], [[BlackDiktator nationalismmiliter]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">MuseveniNguema YoweriFrancisco Macias</span> [[YoweriFrancisco Macías MuseveniNguema]]<ref name="cbs" /> || {{flag|UgandaGuinea Khatulistiwa}} || 19861968 || present1979 || [[Military dictatorship|MilitaryNasionalisme]]/ [[ConstitutionalKediktatoran dictatorshipkonsitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">MusharrafNguema PervezMbasogo Teodoro Obiang</span> [[PervezTeodoro MusharrafObiang Nguema Mbasogo]]<ref name="cbs" /> || {{flag|PakistanGuinea Khatulistiwa}} || 19981979 || 2008petahana || [[Pakistani nationalism|NationalistNasionalisme]] [[militaryKediktatoran dictatorshipkonsitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">MussoliniNguesso BenitoDenis Sassou</span> [[BenitoDenis MussoliniSassou-Nguesso]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flagcountryflag|Kingdom of ItalyKongo}} || 19221979 || 19431992 || [[Italian Fascism|FascistNasionalisme]] [[militaryDiktator dictatorshipmiliter]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Niyazov Saparmurat</span> [[Saparmurat Niyazov]]<ref>"[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/dec/22/tomparfitt.mainsection Bizarre, brutal and self-obsessed. Now time's up for Turkmenistan's dictator]". ''The Guardian''. December 22, 2006.</ref> || {{flag|Turkmenistan}} || 1990 || 2006 || [[Nationalism|NationalistNasionalisme]] [[constitutionalKediktatoran dictatorshipkonsitusional]]▼
| <span style="display:none">Nguema Francisco Macias</span> [[Francisco Macías Nguema]] || {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} || 1968 || 1979 || [[Nationalism|Nationalist]] [[constitutional dictatorship]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">NguemaNoriega Mbasogo Teodoro ObiangManuel</span> [[Teodoro Obiang NguemaManuel MbasogoNoriega]]<ref name="cbs" /> || {{flag|Equatorial GuineaPanama}} || 1979 1983|| present1989 || [[Nationalism|Nationalist]] [[constitutionalDiktator dictatorshipmiliter]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">NguessoOngania DenisJuan SassouCarlos</span> [[DenisJuan SassouCarlos NguessoOnganía]] || {{flag|CongoArgentina}} || 19791966 || present1970 || [[Nationalism|Nationalist]] [[constitutionalDiktator dictatorshipmiliter]]
|-
▲| <span style="display:none">HoneckerPark ErichChung-hee</span> [[ErichPark Chung HoneckerHee]] || {{flag|EastKorea GermanySelatan}} || 19711961 || 19891979 || [[KomunismeDiktator militer]]
▲| <span style="display:none">Niyazov Saparmurat</span> [[Saparmurat Niyazov]]<ref>"[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/dec/22/tomparfitt.mainsection Bizarre, brutal and self-obsessed. Now time's up for Turkmenistan's dictator]". ''The Guardian''. December 22, 2006.</ref> || {{flag|Turkmenistan}} || 1990 || 2006 || [[Nationalism|Nationalist]] [[constitutional dictatorship]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">NoriegaPavelic ManuelAnte</span> [[ManuelAnte NoriegaPavelić]] || {{flagflagicon image|PanamaFlag_of_Independent_State_of_Croatia.svg}} [[Negara Merdeka Kroasia]]|| 19831940 || 19891944 || [[MilitaryUstaše|Fasisme]] [[Diktator dictatorshipmiliter]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">OnganiaPetain Juan CarlosPhilippe</span> [[JuanPhilippe Carlos OnganíaPétain]] || {{flagflagicon image|ArgentinaFlag of France.svg}} [[Prancis Vichy|Prancis]]|| 19661941 || 19701945 || [[MilitaryNationalism|Nationalist]]/[[Fasisme]] [[Nazisme]] [[Negara boneka|puppet dictatorshipregime]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">ParkPilsudski Chung-heeJozef</span> [[ParkJózef Chung-heePilsudski]] || {{flagflagicon image|SouthFlag Koreaof Poland.svg}} [[Republik Polandia Kedua|Polandia]] || 19611926 || 19791935 || [[MilitaryDiktator militer]]/[[Kediktatoran dictatorshipkonsitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">PavelicPinochet AnteAugusto</span> [[AnteAugusto PavelicPinochet]] || {{flagcountryflagicon image|Independent StateFlag of CroatiaChile.svg}} ||[[Pemerintahan 1940militer Chili (1973–1990)|Chili]]|| 19441973 || [[Ustaše1990 ||Fascist]] [[militaryKediktatoran dictatorshipmiliter]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">PetainPol PhilippePot</span> [[PhilippePol PétainPot]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flagicon image|Flag of FranceDemocratic Kampuchea.svg}} [[VichyKamboja France|FranceDemokratik]] || 19411975 || 19451979 || [[Nationalism|NationalistMaoisme]]/[[Fascism|FascistKomunisme]] [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[Puppet state|puppetKediktatoran regimemiliter]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">PilsudskiPrimo Jozefde Rivera Miguel</span> [[JózefMiguel PilsudskiPrimo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella|Miguel Primo de Rivera]] || {{flagicon image|Flag of PolandSpain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg}} [[SecondRestorasi Polish Republic(Spanyol)|PolandSpanyol]] || 19261923 || 19351930 || [[Military dictatorship|Military]]/[[ConstitutionalDiktator dictatorshipmiliter]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">PinochetRahmon AugustoEmomalii</span> [[AugustoEmomalii PinochetRahmon]]<ref name="cbs" /> || {{flagicon imageflag|Flag of Chile.svgTajikistan}} [[Military government of Chile (1973–1990)|Chile]] || 19731992 || 1990petahana || [[MilitaryNasionalisme]] [[Kediktatoran dictatorshipkonsitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">PolRios PotMontt Efrain</span> [[PolEfraín PotRíos Montt]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flagicon imageflag|Flag of Democratic Kampuchea.svgGuatemala}} [[Democratic Kampuchea|Cambodia]] || 19751982 || 19791983 || [[Maoism|Maoist]]/[[Communism|Communist]] [[militaryDiktator dictatorshipmiliter]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">PrimoRojas dePinilla Rivera MiguelGustavo</span> [[MiguelGustavo PrimoRojas de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella|Miguel Primo de RiveraPinilla]] || {{flagicon imageflag|Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svgKolombia}} [[Spain under the Restoration|Spain]] || 19231953 || 19301957 ||[[Diktator militer]]/[[MilitaryKediktatoran dictatorshipkonsitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">RahmonQuisling EmomaliiVidkun</span> [[EmomaliiVidkun RahmonQuisling]]<ref name="cbs" /> || {{flagflagicon image|TajikistanFlag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg}} [[Reichskommissariat Norwegen|Norwegia]] || 19921940 || present1945 || [[NationalismNazisme|NationalistNazi]] [[constitutionalnegara dictatorshipboneka]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">RiosSalazar MonttAntonio Efrainde Oliveira</span> [[EfraínAntónio Ríosde MonttOliveira Salazar]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flagflagicon image|GuatemalaFlag of Portugal.svg}} [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Portugal]]|| 19821932 || 19831968 || [[MilitaryFasisme]]/Anti-[[Komunisme]] [[kediktatoran dictatorshipmiliter]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">RojasSanta PinillaAnna GustavoAntonio Lopez de</span> [[GustavoAntonio RojasLópez Pinillade Santa Anna|Santa Anna]] || {{flagflagicon image|ColombiaFlag of Mexico (1823-1864, 1867-1893).svg}} ||[[Republik 1953Meksiko Pertama|Meksiko]] || 19571833 || [[Military1855 dictatorship|Military]]/|[[ConstitutionalDiktator dictatorshipmiliter]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">QuislingShwe VidkunThan</span> [[VidkunThan QuislingShwe]] || {{flagicon imageflag|Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svgMyanmar|1974}} [[Reichskommissariat Norwegen|Norway]] || 19401992 || 19452011 || [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[Puppet state|puppetDiktator regimemiliter]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">SalazarSomoza AntonioGarcia de OliveiraAnastasio</span> [[AntónioAnastasio deSomoza Oliveira SalazarGarcía]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flagicon imageflag|Flag of Portugal.svgNikaragua}} [[Estado Novo|Portugal]] || 19321936 || 19681956 || [[FascismDiktator militer|FascistMilitary]]/[[Anti-communism|Anti-communist]] [[militaryKediktatoran dictatorshipkonsitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">SantaSomoza AnnaDebayle Antonio Lopez deLuis</span> [[AntonioLuis LópezSomoza de Santa Anna|Santa AnnaDebayle]] || {{flagicon imageflag|Flag of Mexico (1823-1864, 1867-1893).svgNikaragua}} [[United Mexican States (1824–1864)|Mexico]] || 18331956 || 18551967 || [[MilitaryDiktator militer]]/[[Kediktatoran dictatorshipkonsitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">ShweStalin ThanJoseph</span> [[ThanJosef ShweStalin]] || {{flag|Myanmarflagicon image|1974Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg}} [[Uni Soviet]]|| 19921924 || 20111953 || [[MilitaryKomunis]] dictatorship([[Stalinisme]])
|-
| <span style="display:none">SomozaStroessner Garcia AnastasioAlfredo</span> [[AnastasioAlfredo Somoza GarcíaStroessner]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flag|NicaraguaParaguay}} || 19361954 || 19561989 || Anti-[[Military dictatorship|MilitaryKomunisme]]/ [[ConstitutionalDiktator dictatorshipmiliter]]
|-
| [[Soeharto]] || {{flag|Indonesia}} || 1968 || 1998 || [[Anti-komunisme diktator militer]]
| <span style="display:none">Somoza Debayle Luis</span> [[Luis Somoza Debayle]] || {{flag|Nicaragua}} || 1956 || 1967 || [[Military dictatorship|Military]]/[[Constitutional dictatorship]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">StalinRhee JosephSyngman</span> [[JosephSyngman StalinRhee]] || {{flag|SovietKorea UnionSelatan}} || 19221948 || 19531960 || Anti-[[Communismkomunisme]]/Kediktatoran ([[Stalinismkonsitusional]])
|-
| <span style="display:none">StroessnerTito AlfredoJosip Broz</span> [[AlfredoJosip StroessnerBroz Tito]]<ref name="time" /> || {{flagflagicon image|ParaguayFlag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia.svg}} [[Republik Federal Sosialis Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]|| 19541945 || 19891980 || [[Anti-communism|Anti-communistSosialisme]] ([[Military dictatorshipTitoisme]])
|-
| <span style="display:none">SuhartoTrujillo Rafel</span> [[SuhartoRafael Trujillo]] || {{flag|IndonesiaRepublik Dominika}} || 19671930 || 19981961 || [[Anti-communism|Anti-communistDiktator militer]]/Kediktatoran [[Military dictatorshipkonsitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">RheeZenawi SyngmanMeles</span> [[SyngmanMeles RheeZenawi]] || {{flag|South KoreaEthiopia}} || 19481991 || 19602012 ||Kediktatoran [[Anti-communism|Anti-communist]] [[Constitutional dictatorshipkonsitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">TitoZhivkov Josip BrozTodor</span> [[JosipTodor Broz TitoZhivkov]] || {{flagflagicon image|YugoslaviaFlag of Bulgaria (1971-1990).svg}} [[Republik Rakyat Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] || 19451954 || 19801989 || [[SocialismKomunisme]] ([[Titoism]])
|-
| <span style="display:none">TrujilloZia-ul-Haq RafelMuhammad</span> [[RafaelMuhammad TrujilloZia-ul-Haq]] || {{flag|Dominican RepublicPakistan}} || 19301978 || 19611988 || [[MilitaryDiktator dictatorship|Militarymiliter]]/Kediktatoran [[Constitutional dictatorshipkonsitusional]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Ataturk Mustafa Kemal </span>[[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]<ref name=":0">{{cite web|author=Eric Watson|date=March 27, 2015|title=Lee Kuan Yew & The Curious Legacies of "Benevolent Dictators"|url=http://thepolicywire.com/lee-kuan-yew-the-curious-legacies-of-benevolent-dictators/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208123234/http://thepolicywire.com/lee-kuan-yew-the-curious-legacies-of-benevolent-dictators/|archive-date=2015-12-08|access-date=2015-11-27|work=The Policy Wire}}</ref> || {{flag|Turki}}|| 1923|| 1938 || Kediktatoran [[konsitusional]]
| <span style="display:none">Zenawi Meles</span> [[Meles Zenawi]] || {{flag|Ethiopia}} || 1991 || 2012 || [[Constitutional dictatorship]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Zhivkov Todor</span> [[Todor Zhivkov]] || {{flagicon image|Flag of Bulgaria (1971-1990).svg}} [[People's Republic of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] || 1954 || 1989 || [[Communism]]
|-
| <span style="display:none">Zia-ul-Haq Muhammad</span> [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]] || {{flag|Pakistan}} || 1978 || 1988 || [[Military dictatorship|Military]]/[[Constitutional dictatorship]]
|}
 
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Diktatur|Diktatur (kediktatoran)]]
 
== Referensi ==
Baris 202 ⟶ 198:
 
== Pranala luar ==
* {{en}} [http://www.arthuredelstein.org/worlddictators Daftar diktator dunia tahun ini]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{en}} [http://www.dictatorofthemonth.com/English/English_welcome.htm Dictator of the Month]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{en}} [http://www.thedictatorship.com TheDictatorship.com]
 
[[Kategori:Kepala negara]]
 
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Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Diktator"