Makanan rongsok: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k Mengembalikan suntingan oleh 180.244.161.81 (bicara) ke revisi terakhir oleh 180.244.161.8 Tag: Pengembalian Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
|||
| (37 revisi perantara oleh 24 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
[[File:USMC-100629-M-3215R-002.jpg|thumb|200px|Sebuah poster di 21-Area Health Promotion Center [[Camp Pendleton]] menggambarkan efek ''junk food'' yang dikonsumsi oleh banyak [[Marinir]] dan pelaut.]]
'''Makanan kurang gizi''' ({{lang-en|junk food}}) adalah makanan tidak sehat yang tinggi [[kalori]] dari [[gula]] atau [[lemak]], dengan sedikit [[serat]] makanan, [[protein]], [[vitamin]], [[mineral]], atau bentuk nilai [[gizi]] penting lainnya.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/junk%20food | title=junk food | publisher=Merriam-Webster Dictionary | access-date=13 Maret 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/junk-food | title=junk food | publisher=Macmillan Dictionary | access-date=13 Maret 2015}}</ref><ref name="m">{{cite news|last=O'Neill|first=Brendon|title=Is this what you call junk food?|work=[[BBC News]]|date=30 November 2006|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/6187234.stm |access-date=29 Juni 2010}}</ref>
Definisi yang tepat dapat berubah dari waktu ke waktu. Beberapa makanan berprotein tinggi, seperti daging yang disiapkan dengan [[lemak jenuh]], dapat dianggap ''junk food''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Scott|first=Caitlin|date=May 2018|title=Sustainably Sourced Junk Food? Big Food and the Challenge of Sustainable Diets|journal=Global Environmental Politics|volume=18|issue=2|pages=93–113|doi=10.1162/glep_a_00458|s2cid=57559050|issn=1526-3800}}</ref> Istilah HFSS (''high in fat, salt and sugar'') juga bermakna serupa.<ref name="ama-who">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/population-care/who-warns-kids-digital-exposure-junk-food-ads |title=WHO warns on kids' digital exposure to junk-food ads |last= Parks |first=Troy |date=16 Desember 2016 |website=American Medical Association}}</ref><ref name="spec-hfss">{{Cite web |url=https://health.spectator.co.uk/the-proposed-junk-food-ban-is-aimed-at-you-not-your-children/ |title=The proposed 'junk food' advertising ban is aimed at you, not your children |last=Snowdon |first=Christopher |date=6 Juni 2018 |website=The Spectator |access-date=30 Desember 2020 |archive-date=30 Desember 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230233446/https://health.spectator.co.uk/the-proposed-junk-food-ban-is-aimed-at-you-not-your-children/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ''Fast food'' sering disamakan dengan ''junk food'', meskipun ''fast food'' tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai ''junk food''.<ref name="newyorker">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/11/02/freedom-from-fries |title=Freedom from Fries |last=Specter |first=Michael |date=2 November 2015 |website=New Yorker |access-date=1 Januari 2019}}</ref><ref name="sciencekids">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/food/fastfood.html |title=Fast Food Facts |last=Smith |first=Rene |website=Science Kids |access-date=1 Januari 2019}}</ref> Kebanyakan ''junk food'' merupakan [[makanan olahan]] tinggi.
Kekhawatiran tentang efek negatif akibat pola makan ''junk food'', terutama [[obesitas]], telah mengobarkan kampanye kesadaran kesehatan masyarakat, serta pembatasan iklan dan penjualan di beberapa negara.<ref name="WHO">{{cite web | url=http://publichealthlawcenter.org/topics/healthy-eating/food-marketing-kids | title=Food Marketing to Kids | publisher=Public Health Law Center | date=2010 | access-date=13 Maret 2015 | archive-date=28 Oktober 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028124519/http://publichealthlawcenter.org/topics/healthy-eating/food-marketing-kids | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.who.int/features/2014/uk-food-drink-marketing/en/ | title=Protecting children from the harmful effects of food and drink marketing | publisher=World Health Organization | date=September 2014 | access-date=13 Maret 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cspinet.org/nutritionpolicy/foodmarketing_abroad.pdf | title=Food Marketing in Other Countries}}</ref>
''Junk food'' menjadi suatu istilah [[Peyorasi|peyoratif]] sejak setidaknya tahun 1950-an.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/02/magazine/02FOB-onlanguage-t.html?_r=0|title=On Language: Junk|author=Zimmer, Ben|date=30 Desember 2010|newspaper=New York Times|access-date=19 Maret 2015}}</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Heart Attack Grill]]
* [[Hamburger]]
* [[Kegemukan]]
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
*{{cite web | url=http://www.fitnessmagazine.com/recipes/healthy-eating/on-the-go/healthy-fast-foods/ | title=30 Surprisingly Healthy Fast Foods | publisher=Fitness Magazine (Meredith Corporation) | access-date=20 March 2015 | author=Ansel, Karen}}
*{{cite web | url=http://www.foodprocessing.com/articles/2014/understanding-satiation-and-satiety/ | title=Understanding Satiation and Satiety | publisher=Food Processing | date=1 Apr 2014 | access-date=5 April 2015 | author=Anthony, Mark}}
*{{cite news | url=http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/junk-food-expensive-healthy-food-study-dept-agriculture-study-article-1.1079412 | title=Junk food is more expensive than healthy food: study, says Dept. of Agriculture study | newspaper=NY Daily News | date=May 16, 2012 | access-date=19 March 2015 | agency=Associated Press}}
*{{cite web | url=http://depts.washington.edu/uwcphn/work/fdenv/nutrprofiling.shtml | title=Nutrient Profiling | publisher=Center for Public Health Nutrition (University of Washington) | access-date=24 March 2015 | author=Center for Public Health Nutrition (University of Washington)}}
*{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/08/weekinreview/08manny.html | title=Let Us Now Praise the Great Men of Junk Food | newspaper=New York Times | date=7 August 2010 | access-date=20 March 2015 | author=Fernandez, Manny}}
*{{cite magazine | url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/07/how-junk-food-can-end-obesity/309396/?single_page=true | title=How Junk Food Can End Obesity | magazine=The Atlantic | date=19 Jun 2013 | access-date=20 March 2015 | author=Freedman, David H.}}
*{{cite web | url=http://nutrition.about.com/od/recipesmenus/fl/Why-Is-Junk-Food-So-Popular-Heres-Three-Reasons.htm | title=Why Is Junk Food So Popular? Here Are Three Reasons | publisher=About.com | date=1 November 2014 | access-date=27 March 2015 | author=Lehman, Shereen | archive-date=2015-04-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402151949/http://nutrition.about.com/od/recipesmenus/fl/Why-Is-Junk-Food-So-Popular-Heres-Three-Reasons.htm | dead-url=yes }}
*{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/24/magazine/the-extraordinary-science-of-junk-food.html | title=The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food | newspaper=New York Times | date=20 Feb 2013 | access-date=20 March 2015 | author=Moss, Michael}}
*{{cite news | url=http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/12/05/a-high-price-for-healthy-food/ | title=A High Price for Healthy Food | newspaper=New York Times | date=5 Dec 2007 | access-date=19 March 2015 | author=Parker-Pope, Tara}}
*{{cite web | url=http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/99/1/162 | title=The association of fast food consumption with poor dietary outcomes and obesity among children: is it the fast food or the remainder of the diet? | publisher=American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | date=23 Oct 2013 | access-date=20 March 2015 |author1=Poti, Jennifer M |author2=Kiyah J Duffey |author3=Barry M Popkin }}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.ip-watch.org/2014/06/11/un-advisor-denounces-junk-food-as-culprit-in-rising-ncds-calls-for-change/|title=UN Advisor Denounces Junk Food As 'Culprit' In Rising NCDs, Calls For Change|last=Saez|first=Catherine|date=11 June 2014|publisher=Intellectual Property Watch|access-date=24 August 2014}}
*{{cite web | url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140115132750.htm | title=Fast food not the major cause of rising childhood obesity rates, study finds | website=ScienceDaily | date=15 January 2014 | access-date=20 March 2015 | author=ScienceDaily}}
*{{cite web | url=http://www.energyfirst.com/empty-calories/ | title=Empty Calories: What are empty calories? |website=EnergyFirst| access-date=19 March 2015}}
{{resep|Daftar resep junk food}}
{{makanan-stub}}▼
[[Kategori:Makanan siap saji]]
[[Kategori:Makanan ringan]]
▲{{makanan-stub}}
| |||