Kapal induk Jepang Sōryū: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kapal induk Jepang ''Sōryū''}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[Berkas:Japanese aircraft carrier Soryu 1938.jpg|300px|alt=Photograph showing the ocean and a ship at some distance. The ocean has small waves disturbing the surface. The ship's upper deck is nearly flat, and the ship is quite long compared to the deck's height above the ocean surface. There is a superstructure above the deck that is located somewhat forward of the middle. There is a wake of water at the ship's bow.]]
|Ship caption=''Sōryū'' diujicoba pada Januari 1938
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
|Name=Kapal induk kelas Sōryū
|Builders=
|Operators={{navy|Empire of Japan}}
|Class before={{ship|Kapal induk Jepang|Kaga||2}}
|Class after={{ship|Kapal induk Jepang|Hiryū||2}}
|Cost=40.200.000 Yen
|Built range=1934–1937
|In commission range=1937–1942
|Total ships completed= 1
|Total ships lost=1
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=
|Ship flag=
|Ship name=
|Ship namesake=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Kure Naval Arsenal]]
|Ship laid down=20 November 1934
|Ship launched=23 Desember 1935
|Ship commissioned=29 Desember 1937
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship struck=10 Agustus 1942
|Ship fate=Sengaja ditenggelamkan, karena rusak parah akibat serangan udara dalam [[Pertempuran Midway]], 4 Juni 1942
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=<!--fluffy dragon-->
|Ship homeport=[[Basis Angkatan Laut Yokosuka]]
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship
|Ship displacement=
*{{convert|16200|t|LT}} (standar)
*{{convert|19100|t|LT}} (normal)
*{{convert|19500|t|LT}} (muat penuh)
|Ship length={{convert|227,5|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (keseluruhan)
|Ship beam={{convert|21,3|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|7,6|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship power={{convert|152000|shp|kW|lk=in|abbr=on}}
|Ship
*8 × [[Pendidih Kampon|Pendidih tabung air Kampon]]
*4 × [[Turbin Kampon|Turbin bergir Kampon]] Tipe ''Ro''
*4 × Poros penggerak
|Ship speed={{convert|34,5|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range={{convert|7750|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} pada {{convert|18|kn}}
|Ship complement=1.103 orang
|Ship armament=
* 6 × 2 meriam dwi-guna [[Meriam laut 12,7 cm/40 Tipe 89|127 mm]]
* 14 × 2 meriam [[pertahanan udara|anti pesawat terbang]] [[Meriam anti pesawat/anti tank 25 mm Tipe 96|25 mm Tipe 96]]
* 15 × [[Senapan mesin Hotchkiss M1929|senapan mesin 13,2 mm]]
|Ship aircraft=
57 (+16 cadangan) (7 Desember 1941)<ref>Bōeichō Bōei Kenshūjo, hal. 344</ref>
*21 [[Mitsubishi A6M Zero|Zero]]
*18 [[Aichi D3A|Val]]
*18 [[Nakajima B5N|Kate]]
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
{{nihongo|'''''Sōryū'''''|蒼龍|"Naga [[Perbedaan biru dan hijau dalam berbagai bahasa|biru (atau hijau)]]"}} adalah sebuah [[kapal induk]] milik [[Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jepang]]. Kapal ini ikut ambil bagian dalam [[Pengeboman Pearl Harbor|serangan ke Pearl Harbor]] dan tenggelam pada [[Pertempuran Midway]].<ref name = soryu1>{{Cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-fornv/japan/japsh-s/soryu.htm |title=Soryu |access-date=2009-08-01 |archive-date=2006-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061125202356/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-fornv/japan/japsh-s/soryu.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
''Sōryū'' dibangun di Kaigun Kosho, [[Kure, Hiroshima|Kure]], [[Jepang]] dan berlayar pada 29 Desember 1937.<ref name = soryu1/> Dibandingkan dengan kapal induk Jepang terdahulu yang merupakan rancang ulang lambung kapal penjelajah tempur ([[Kapal induk Jepang Akagi|''Akagi'']]) atau kapal tempur ([[Kapal induk Jepang Kaga|''Kaga'']]), ''Sōryū'' dirancang sejak semula sebagai sebuah kapal induk. Dengan kecepatan mendekati 65 km/jam (35 knot),<ref name = soryu1/> ''Sōryū'' merupakan kapal induk tercepat di dunia pada saat diluncurkan.
== Sejarah tempur ==
Pada saat pecahnya [[Perang Pasifik]], dikomandani oleh Kapten [[Ryusaku Yanagimoto]], ''Sōryū'', dalam [[Divisi Kapal Induk 2]], adalah satu dari enam kapal induk yang menyusun ''[[Kido Butai]]'' yang [[Pengeboman Pearl Harbor|menyerang Pearl Harbor]] pada 7 Desember 1941. ''Sōryū'' meluncurkan dua gelombang serangan udara terhadap pangkalan Angkatan Laut AS. Gelombang pertama serangannya mengincar [[USS Nevada (BB-36)|''Nevada'']], [[USS Tennessee (BB-43)|''Tennessee'']], dan [[USS West Virginia (BB-48)|''West Virginia'']] dengan bom tukik dan [[USS Utah (BB-31)|''Utah'']], [[USS Helena (CL-50)|''Helena'']], [[USS California (BB-44)|''California'']], dan [[USS Raleigh (CL-7)|''Raleigh'']] dengan torpedo, selain menyerang pesawat-pesawat terbang lawan yang berada di darat di ''Barbers Point''. Gelombang kedua serangannya mengincar ''California'', ''Raleigh'', [[Kaneohe]] dan instalasi pemeliharaan Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat.
Dari 21 Desember hingga 23 Desember 1941 ''Sōryū'' melluncurkan serangan udara terhadap [[Pulau Wake]]. Pada Januari 1942 ''Sōryū'' ikut mendukung invasi [[Kepulauan Palau]] dan [[Pertempuran Ambon]].<ref name="tu" /> Pada 19 Februari 1942 ''Sōryū'' meluncurkan [[Pengeboman Darwin|serangan terhadap Darwin]], [[Australia]]. Pada Maret 1942, ia ikut ambil bagian dalam [[Pertempuran Laut Jawa]], berperan dalam tenggelamnya tanker AS [[USS Pecos (AO-6)|''Pecos'']].<ref>Shores, Cull & Izawa, Vol. II, pp. 307, 327, 392–93</ref>
Pada April 1942 ''Sōryū'' ambil bagian dalam [[serangan Samudera Hindia]]. Pada 5 April 1942 ''Sōryū'' meluncurkan serangan udara terhadap pangkalan [[Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Britania]] di [[Sri Lanka]], dan ikut membantu menenggelamkan [[HMS Cornwall (56)|''Cornwall'']] dan [[HMS Dorsetshire (40)|''Dorsetshire'']]. Pada 9 April ''Sōryū'' ikut membantu menenggelamkan kapal induk Britania [[HMS Hermes (D95)|''Hermes'']] dan kapal perusak Australia pengawalnya {{HMAS|Vampire|D68|6}}.<ref>Shores, Cull & Izawa, Vol. II, hal. 413, 421–23, 426–29</ref>
Pada 19 April 1942, ia mengejar, namun tidak berhasil, kapal induk Amerika [[USS Hornet (CV-8)|''Hornet'']] dan [[USS Enterprise (CV-6)|''Enterprise'']] setelah kedua kapal induk tersebut meluncurkan [[Serangan Doolittle]].<ref>Parshall & Tully, hal. 12</ref>
== Saat terakhir ==
Pada Juni 1942 ''Sōryū'' adalah satu dari empat kapal induk Gugus Serang Kapal Induk Pertama Laksamana Madya [[Chuichi Nagumo]] dalam [[Pertempuran Midway]]. ''Sōryū'' dilengkapi dengan 21 pesawat tempur [[Mitsubishi A6M]] "Zero", 21 pengebom tukik [[Aichi D3A]] "Val", dan 21 pengebom torpedo [[Nakajima B5N]] "Kate".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq81-6.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2009-08-01 |archive-date=2007-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205162341/http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq81-6.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Pada 4 Juni 1942 ''Sōryū''
Laporan resmi (Laporan [[Chūichi Nagumo|Nagumo]]) mengindikasikan bahwa ''Sōryū'' tenggelam oleh dirinya sendiri.<ref>Parshall & Tully, pp. 236–38, 250–52, 261, 321, 332, 334–36</ref> Penelitian lebih lanjut mengungkapkan bahwa ia ditenggelamkan oleh torpedo [[Kapal perusak Jepang Isokaze|''Isokaze'']]. ''Sōryū'' sendiri baru dihapuskan dari daftar angkatan laut pada 10 Agustus 1942.<ref name="tu2" />
== Catatan kaki ==
{{reflist}}
== Bibliografi ==
* Bōeichō Bōei Kenshūjo (1967), ''[[Senshi Sōsho]] Hawai Sakusen''. Tokyo: Asagumo Shimbunsha.
* {{cite book|title=WWII Fact Files: Aircraft Carriers|last=Brown|first=David|publisher=Arco Publishing|year=1977|isbn=0-668-04164-1|location=New York}}
* {{cite book|title=Carrier Operations in World War II|last=Brown|first=J. D.|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=2009|isbn=978-1-59114-108-2|location=Annapolis, Maryland}}
* {{cite book|title=Naval Weapons of World War Two|last=Campbell|first=John|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1985|isbn=0-87021-459-4|location=Annapolis, Maryland}}
* {{cite book|title=Aircraft Carriers of the World, 1914 to the Present: An Illustrated Encyclopedia|url=https://archive.org/details/aircraftcarriers00ches|last=Chesneau|first=Roger|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1995|isbn=0-87021-902-2|edition=New, Revised|location=Annapolis, Maryland}}
* {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|url=https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds1922unse|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|year=1980|isbn=0-85177-146-7|location=Greenwich, UK|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger}}
* {{cite book|url=http://156.112.98.23/branches/mca-m.html|title=U.S. Marine Corps Aviation|last=Condon|first=John P.|date=n.d.|publisher=Government Printing Office|location=Washington, D.C.|accessdate=19 October 2011|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121210201458/http://156.112.98.23/branches/mca-m.html|archivedate=10 December 2012|deadurl=yes|df=}}
* {{cite book|title=Japanese Naval Air Force Fighter Units and Their Aces 1932–1945|first1=Ikuhiko|last2=Izawa|first2=Yasuho|last3=Shores|first3=Christopher|publisher=Grub Street|year=2011|isbn=978-1-906502-84-3|location=London|last-author-amp=yes|last1=Hata|authorlink=Ikuhiko Hata}}
* {{cite journal|last=Hooton|first=Edward R.|year=1987|title=Air War Over China|journal=Air Enthusiast|location=Bromley, Kent, UK|publisher=Pilot Press|issue=34|pages=7–24|issn=0143-5450}}
* {{cite book|title=Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945|last=Jentschura|first=Hansgeorg|last2=Jung|first2=Dieter|last3=Mickel|first3=Peter|publisher=United States Naval Institute|year=1977|isbn=0-87021-893-X|location=Annapolis, Maryland|last-author-amp=yes}}
* {{cite book|title=The First Team: Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway|last=Lundstrom|first=John B.|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=2005|isbn=1-59114-471-X|edition=New|location=Annapolis, Maryland|coauthors=}}
* {{cite book|title=Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway|url=https://archive.org/details/shatteredswordun0000pars|last=Parshall|first=Jonathan|last2=Tully|first2=Anthony|publisher=Potomac Books|year=2005|isbn=1-57488-923-0|location=Dulles, Virginia|last-author-amp=yes}}
* {{cite book|title=Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power 1909–1941|url=https://archive.org/details/sunburstriseofja0000peat|last=Peattie|first=Mark|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=2001|isbn=1-55750-432-6|location=Annapolis, Maryland|authorlink=Mark Peattie}}
* {{cite book|title=Aircraft Carriers: A History of Carrier Aviation and Its Influence on World Events|first1=Norman|last2=Genda|first2=Minoru|publisher=Potomac Books|year=2006|isbn=1-57488-663-0|volume=Volume 1, 1909–1945|location=Washington, D.C.|last-author-amp=yes|last1=Polmar|authorlink2=Minoru Genda}}
* {{cite book|title=Bloody Shambles|first1=Christopher|last2=Cull|first2=Brian|last3=Izawa|first3=Yasuho|publisher=Grub Street|year=1992|isbn=0-948817-50-X|volume=I: The Drift to War to the Fall of Singapore|location=London|last-author-amp=yes|last1=Shores}}
* {{cite book|title=Bloody Shambles|first1=Christopher|last2=Cull|first2=Brian|last3=Izawa|first3=Yasuho|publisher=Grub Street|year=1993|isbn=0-948817-67-4|volume=II: The Defence of Sumatra to the Fall of Burma|location=London|last-author-amp=yes|last1=Shores}}
* {{cite book|title=Directory of the World's Capital Ships|url=https://archive.org/details/directoryofworld0000silv|last=Silverstone|first=Paul H.|publisher=Hippocrene Books|year=1984|isbn=0-88254-979-0|location=New York}}
* {{cite book|title=USN Carriers vs IJN Carriers: The Pacific 1942|last=Stille|first=Mark|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84603-248-6|series=Duel|volume=6|location=Oxford, UK}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/soryu.htm|title=IJN Soryu: Tabular Record of Movement|last=Tully|first=Anthony P.|year=2000|work=Kido Butai|publisher=Combinedfleet.com|accessdate=16 June 2013}}
* {{cite book|title=Attack on Pearl Harbor: Strategy, Combat, Myths, Deceptions|url=https://archive.org/details/attackonpearlhar0000zimm|last=Zimm|first=Alan D.|publisher=Casemate Publishers|year=2011|isbn=978-1-61200-010-7|location=Havertown, Pennsylvania}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commonscat|Sōryū (ship, 1937)|{{PAGENAME}}}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041103220848/http://www.geocities.com/jwarship/Soryu.html Kapal-kapal perang Jepang - Sōryū]
* [http://ww2db.com/ship_spec.php?ship_id=11 Basis data Perang Dunia II: Sōryū]
* [http://www.combinedfleet.com/soryu.htm Rekaman tabel pergerakan] dari [http://www.combinedfleet.com/ combinedfleet.com]
* [http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-fornv/japan/japsh-s/soryu.htm Foto-foto Angkatan Laut AS mengenai ''Sōryū''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061125202356/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-fornv/japan/japsh-s/soryu.htm |date=2006-11-25 }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Soryu}}
[[Kategori:Kapal induk Jepang dalam Perang Dunia II]]
[[Kategori:Kapal tahun 1935]]
[[Kategori:Pertempuran Midway]]
[[Kategori:Insiden maritim tahun 1942]]
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