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{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
|honorific_suffix = [[KBE]]
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|image= Elie Wiesel 2012 Shankbone.JPG
|birth_name = Eliezer Wiesel
|birth_date= {{Birth date|1928|09|30}}
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|death_date= {{Death date and age|2016|07|02|1928|09|30}}
|death_place = [[Manhattan]], [[New York]], [[A.S.]]
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|alma_mater= [[Universitas Paris|Universitas Paris, Sorbonne]]
|subjects = [[Holokaus]], agama, filsafat
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|nationality= Amerika
|ethnicity= [[Yahudi]]
|spouse= Marion Erster Rose (m. 1969–2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.centralsynagogue.org/about_us/shofar_shabbat/wiesel|title=Central Synagogue|work=centralsynagogue.org|access-date=2016-07-11|archive-date=2020-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518225110/https://www.centralsynagogue.org/about_us/shofar_shabbat/wiesel|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| children = 1
|awards= [[Penghargaan Nobel Perdamaian]] <small>(1986)</small><br>[[Medali Kebebasan Presiden]]<br> [[Medali Emas Kongres]]<br>[[Orde Bintang Rumania]]<br>[[Légion d'honneur]]
}}
'''Eliezer Wiesel''' (lebih dikenal sebagai '''Elie''') (
Ia menulis lebih dari 40 buku, yang paling terkenal di antaranya adalah ''[[Malam (buku)|Malam]]'', yaitu sebuah [[memoar]] yang menggambarkan pengalaman-pengalamannya selama [[Holocaust]].
Wiesel dianugerahi [[Penghargaan Perdamaian Nobel]] pada [[1986]]. [[Komite Nobel Norwegia]] menyebutnya sebagai "utusan kepada umat manusia," dan mencatat bahwa melalui perjuangannya untuk mengatasi "pengalaman pribadinya sendiri yang sama sekali merendahkah dan mencemoohkan umat manusia yang diperlihatkan dalam kamp-kamp maut [[Hitler]]," serta "karya praktisnya demi perdamaian," Wiesel telah menyampaikan pesan yang kuat yang berisi "perdamaian, pendamaian, dan harkat manusia" bagi seluruh uamt manusia. <ref>[http://nobelprize.org/peace/laureates/1986/press.html 1986 Nobel Peace Prize Press Release]</ref>▼
▲Wiesel dianugerahi [[Penghargaan Perdamaian Nobel]] pada [[1986]]. [[Komite Nobel Norwegia]] menyebutnya sebagai "utusan kepada umat manusia," dan mencatat bahwa melalui perjuangannya untuk mengatasi "pengalaman pribadinya sendiri yang sama sekali merendahkah dan mencemoohkan umat manusia yang diperlihatkan dalam kamp-kamp maut [[Hitler]]," serta "karya praktisnya demi perdamaian," Wiesel telah menyampaikan pesan yang kuat yang berisi "perdamaian, pendamaian, dan harkat manusia" bagi seluruh
Sebuah buku dan drama tahun 1979, ''[[The Trial of God]]'', disebut telah disusun berdasarkan pada pengalaman nyata [[Auschwitz]] yang menyaksikan tiga orang Yahudi yang hampir mati, melakukan [[gugatan hukum terhadap Tuhan]], dengan tuduhan bahwa Dia telah menindas orang-orang Yahudi.<ref>{{cite book|title=And the Sea Is Never Full: Memoirs, 1969–|url=https://archive.org/details/andseaisneverful0000wies|first=Elie|last=Wiesel|year=2000|publisher=Random House Digital, Inc.|quote=Some of the questions: God? 'I'm an agnostic.' A strange agnostic, fascinated by mysticism.|isbn=978-0-8052-1029-3}}</ref>
Wiesel tinggal di [[Amerika Serikat]] sampai akhir hayatnya, dan sempat mengajar di [[Universitas Boston]]. Wiesel meninggal pada pagi hari tanggal 2 Juli 2016 di rumahnya di [[Manhattan]], pada usia 87.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jul/02/elie-wiesel-nobel-winner-holocaust-survivor-dies|title=Elie Wiesel, Nobel winner and Holocaust survivor, dies aged 87|last=Yuhas|first=Alan|date=2 Juli 2016|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.575072|title=Elie Wiesel, Nobel Peace Prize laureate and renowned Holocaust survivor, dies at 87|newspaper=[[Haaretz]]|first=Ronen|last=Shnidman|date=2 Juli 2016}}</ref>
<!--==Early life and experiences during the Holocaust==
[[Berkas:Buchenwald.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Buchenwald, 1945. Wiesel is on the second row, seventh from the left.]]
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|source=Elie Wiesel, 'Night' (1958){{br}}Translated by Stella Rodway|}}
After the war, Wiesel was placed in a [[France|French]] [[orphanage]], where he learned the [[French language]] and was reunited with his two older sisters, Hilda and Bea, who had also survived the war. In [[1948]], Wiesel began studying [[philosophy]] at the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]].
He taught [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and worked as a choirmaster before becoming a professional [[journalist]]. As a journalist he wrote for Israeli and French newspapers, including ''Tsien in Kamf'' (in [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]]) and the French [[newspaper]], ''L'arche''. However, for 11 years after the war, Wiesel refused to write about or discuss his experiences during the Holocaust. Like many survivors, Wiesel could not find the words to describe his experiences. However, a meeting with [[François Mauriac]], the [[1952]] [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Laureate in Literature]], who eventually became Wiesel's close friend, persuaded him to write about his Holocaust experiences.
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In the U.S., Wiesel wrote over 40 books, both fiction and non-fiction, and won many literary prizes. Wiesel's writing is considered among the most important works in [[The Holocaust in art and literature|Holocaust literature]]. Some historians credit Wiesel with giving the term 'Holocaust' its present meaning, but he does not feel that the word adequately describes the event and wishes it were used less frequently to describe less significant occurrences such as everyday tragedies (Wiesel:1999, 18).
He was awarded the [[Nobel Perdamaian]] in [[1986]] for speaking out against violence, repression, and racism. He has received many other prizes and honors for his work, including the [[Congressional Gold Medal of Honor]] in [[1985]] and election to the [[American Academy of Arts and Letters]] in [[1996]]. Wiesel has published two volumes of his [[memoirs]]. The first, ''All Rivers Run to the Sea,'' was published in [[1994]] and covered his life up to the year [[1969]] while the second, titled ''And the Sea is Never Full,'' and published in [[1999]], covered the years from 1969 to 1999.
Wiesel and his wife, Marion, started the Elie Wiesel Foundation for [[Humanity]]. He served as chairman for the [[Presidential Commission on the Holocaust]] (later renamed [[U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council]]) from 1978 to 1986, spearheading the building of the [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|Memorial Museum]] in [[Washington, DC]]. In 1993, Elie Wiesel and [[President Clinton]] lit the [[eternal flame]] in the memorial's [[Hall of Remembrance]] during the opening dedication ceremony].
Wiesel is particularly fond of teaching and holds the position of [[Andrew Mellon]] Professor of the [[Humanities]] at [[Boston University]]. From 1972 to 1976, Wiesel was a Distinguished Professor at the [[City University of New York]]. In [[1982]] he served as the first [[Henry Luce]] Visiting Scholar in Humanities and Social Thought at [[Yale University]]. He also co-instructs Winter Term (January) courses at [[Eckerd College]], [[St. Petersburg, Florida]]. From 1997 to 1999 he was Ingeborg Rennert Visiting Professor of [[Judaic Studies]] at [[Barnard College]] of [[Columbia University]].
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Wiesel has become a popular speaker on the subject of the Holocaust. As a [[political activist]], he has advocated for many causes, including [[Israel]], the plight of [[Soviet Jews|Soviet]] and [[Beta Israel|Ethiopian Jews]], the victims of ''[[apartheid]]'' in [[South Africa]], [[Argentina]]'s ''[[Desaparecidos]]'', [[Bosnians|Bosnian]] victims of [[ethnic cleansing]] in the former [[Yugoslavia]], [[Nicaragua]]'s [[Miskito|Miskito Indians]], and the [[Kurds]]. He recently voiced support for intervention in [[Darfur]], Sudan. He also led a commission organized by the [[Romanian]] government to research and write a report, released in 2004, on the true history of the Holocaust in Romania and the involvement of the Romanian wartime regime in atrocities against Jews and other groups, including the [[Roma people|Roma]]. The Romanian government accepted the findings in the report and committed to implementing the commission's recommendations for educating the public on the history of the Holocaust in Romania. The commission, formally called the International Commission for the Study of the Holocaust in Romania, came to be called the [[Wiesel Commission]] in Elie Wiesel's honor and due to his leadership.
Wiesel is the honorary chair of the [[Habonim Dror]] Camp Miriam Campership and Building Fund.
On [[June 11]], [[2006]], Wiesel delivered the [[Commencement ceremony]] main address at [[Dartmouth College]]'s 236th Commencement Exercises.
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==Criticism==
*[[Noam Chomsky]], the Jewish [[linguist]] and [[MIT]] Professor, has accused Wiesel of hypocrisy for failing to speak out on behalf of the [[Palestinian people|Palestinians]].
*[[Norman Finkelstein]], author of ''[[The Holocaust Industry]]'', has accused Wiesel of cynically using his writings on the Holocaust for financial gain and of charging excessive lecture fees. Finkelstein has also criticized what he considers Wiesel's hypocritical support of [[Israel]] in the [[Israeli-Palestinian conflict]].
*[[Christopher Hitchens]] has also lambasted Wiesel, calling him a "contemptible [[poseur]] and [[:wiktionary:en:windbag|windbag]]." Writing in ''[[The Nation (U.S. periodical)|The Nation]]'', Hitchens wrote that Wiesel was indifferent to the killing of [[Arabs]] at [[Sabra and Shatila]], commenting that in "1982, after Gen. [[Ariel Sharon]] had treated the inhabitants of the Sabra and Shatila camps as target practice for his paid proxies, Wiesel favored us with another of his exercises in [[neutrality]]. Asked by the ''[[New York Times]]'' to comment on the incident, he was one of the few American Jews approached on the matter to express zero remorse. 'I don’t think we should even comment,' he said, proceeding to comment bleatingly that he felt 'sadness–with Israel, and not against Israel.' For the victims, not even a perfunctory word."[http://www.marxists.de/middleast/press/wiesel.htm]
* Was criticised by [[Romania|Romanian]] intellectuals (including [[Eugene Ionesco]] and [[Paul Goma]]) for repeatedly accusing the Romanian people and Romanian authorities of the deportation of the Jews from his native Northern [[Transylvania]]. In fact, between [[1940]]-[[1944]] Northern Transylvania was under Hungarian rule, and the deportations were carried by Hungarian police officers under Hungarian jurisdiction. {{fact}} -->
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** ''[[Night (buku)|Night]]'' (Hill and Wang 1958; 2006;) ISBN 0-553-27253-5 (diterjemahkan oleh [[Henriette Katoppo]] dengan judul [[Malam (buku)|Malam]], diterbitkan oleh Penerbit Obor, Jakarta)
** ''[[Dawn (buku)|Dawn]]'' (Hill and Wang 1961; 2006) ISBN 0-553-22536-7 (diterjemahkan oleh [[Henriette Katoppo]] dengan judul [[Fajar (buku)|Fajar]], diterbitkan oleh Penerbit Obor, Jakarta)
** ''[[Day (buku)|Day]]'', sebelumnya diberi judul "The Accident" (Hill and Wang 1962; 2006) ISBN 0-553-58170-8
* ''The Town Beyond the Wall'' (Atheneum 1964)
* ''The Gates of the Forest'' (Holt, Rinehart and Winston 1966)
* ''The Jews of Silence'' (Holt, Rinehart and Winston 1966) ISBN 0-935613-01-3
* ''Legends of our Time'' (Holt, Rinehart and Winston 1968)
* ''A Beggar in Jerusalem'' ([[Random House]] 1970)
* ''One Generation After'' (Random House 1970)
* ''Souls on Fire'' (Random House 1972) ISBN 0-671-44171-X
* ''Night Trilogy'' (Hill and Wang 1972)
* ''[[The Oath]]'' (Random House 1973) ISBN 0-935613-11-0
* ''Ani Maamin'' (Random House 1973)
* ''Zalmen, or the Madness of God'' (Random House 1974)
* ''Messengers of God'' (Random House 1976) ISBN 0-671-54134-X
* ''A Jew Today'' (Random House 1978) ISBN 0-935613-15-3
* ''Four [[Hasidic]] Masters'' ([[Universitas Notre Dame|University of Notre Dame]] Press 1978)
* ''Images from the Bible'' (The Overlook Press 1980)
* ''The Trial of God'' (Random House 1979)
* ''The Testament'' (Summit 1981)
* ''Five Biblical Portraits'' (University of Notre Dame Press 1981)
* ''Somewhere a Master'' (Summit 1982)
* ''The [[Golem]]'' (Summit 1983) ISBN 0-671-49624-7
* ''The Fifth Son'' (Summit 1985)
* ''Against Silence'' (Holocaust Library 1985)
* ''Twilight'' (Summit 1988)
* ''The Six Days of Destruction'' (Paulist Press 1988)
* ''A Journey of Faith'' (Donald I. Fine 1990)
* ''From the Kingdom of Memory'' (Summit 1990)
* ''Evil and Exile'' (University of Notre Dame Press 1990)
* ''Sages and Dreamers'' (Summit 1991)
* ''The Forgotten'' (Summit 1992) ISBN 0-8052-1019-9
* ''A Passover [[Haggadah]]'' (Simon and Schuster 1993) ISBN 0-671-73541-1
* ''All Rivers Run to the Sea: Memoirs, Vol. I, 1928-1969'' (Knopf 1995) ISBN 0-8052-1028-8
* ''Memoir in Two Voices'', with [[François Mitterrand]] (Arcade 1996)
* ''And the Sea is Never Full: Memoirs Vol. II, 1969'' (Knopf 1999) ISBN 0-8052-1029-6
* ''King Solomon and his Magic'' (Greenwillow 1999)
* ''Conversations with Elie Wiesel'' (Schocken 2001)
* ''The Judges'' (Knopf 2002)
* ''Wise Men and Their Tales'' (Schocken 2003) ISBN 0-8052-4173-6
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* "...Aku ingin mempercayainya. Di mataku, menjadi manusia berarti menjadi bagian dari komunitas manusia dalam pengertian yang paling luas dan paling langsung. Berarti merasa dianiaya setiap saat seseorang, siapapun juga, direndahkan..." ''Semua Sungai Mengalir ke Laut''
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}▼
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.ushmm.org/uia-cgi/uia_doc/query/2?uf=uia_dbvjRP 1945 Buchenwald photograph from USHMM]{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* Academy of Achievement Profile http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/wie0pro-1
* Academy of Achievement Biography http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/wie0bio-1
* Academy of Achievement Interview http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/wie0int-1
* Academy of Achievement Photo Gallery http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/wie0gal-1
▲{{reflist}}
* [http://www.pbs.org/eliewiesel/ Elie Wiesel: First Person Singular] PBS special on Elie Wiesel
* [http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/wie0pro-1 Academy of Achievement: Elie Wiesel] (Profile, biography and interview)
* [http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/wiesel.htm Text and audio of Elie Wiesel's famous speech on "The Perils of Indifference"]
* [http://wiredforbooks.org/eliewiesel/ 1988 Audio Interview with Elie Wiesel by Don Swaim of CBS Radio, RealAudio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001150409/http://wiredforbooks.org/eliewiesel/ |date=2006-10-01 }}
* [http://www.thenation.com/docprint.mhtml?i=20010219&s=hitchens Christopher Hitchens criticizes Elie Wiesel in the Nation Magazine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050425084948/http://www.thenation.com/docprint.mhtml?i=20010219&s=hitchens |date=2005-04-25 }}
* [http://www.jewsweek.com/bin/en.jsp?enPage=BlankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=object&enDispWho=Article^l223&enZone=Articles&enVersion=0& "8 Questions for Elie Wiesel", JEWSWEEK article briefly discussing Wiesel's view regarding the moral necessity of the Iraq War.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909161603/http://www.jewsweek.com/bin/en.jsp?enPage=BlankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=object&enDispWho=Article%5El223&enZone=Articles&enVersion=0& |date=2011-09-09 }}
* Fine, Ellen S. ''Legacy of Night: The Literary Universe of Elie Wiesel''. State University of New York Press, 1982. ISBN 0-87395-590-0 (paperback)
* Wiesel, Elie. ''All Rivers Run to the Sea: Memoirs.'' New York: Knopf, 1995.
* Wiesel, Elie. ''And the Sea is Never Full: Memoirs 1969-''. New York: Schocken, 1999.
* [http://video.on.nytimes.com/ifr_main.jsp?nsid=b-3659c9d0:10c95d81fe8:46cc&st=1153577610140&mp=FLV&cpf=false&fr=072206_101340_w3659c9d0x10c95d81fe8x46cd&rdm=755152.2347104911 New York Times - The Conversation with Elie Wiesel]{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_PrintFriendly&c=Article&cid=1153950610691&call_pageid=968332188492 "Elie Wiesel on his Beliefs" -Toronto Star] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606102146/http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar%2FLayout%2FArticle_PrintFriendly&c=Article&cid=1153950610691&call_pageid=968332188492 |date=2011-06-06 }}
* [http://www.mediamonitors.net/amr9.html Elie Wiesel & Palestinian Memories] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306160251/http://www.mediamonitors.net/amr9.html |date=2016-03-06 }}
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