Ibrani Kursif: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

== Bentuk kontemporer ==

 

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<small>'''Note:''' Final forms are to the left of the initial and medial forms.</small>

 

This table shows the development of cursive Hebrew from the 7th through the 19th centuries. This is discussed in the following section, which makes reference to the columns in the table, numbered 1 through 14.

 

<br>'''Figure 3:''' "Cursive Writing" ''(Jewish Encyclopedia, 1901-1906)''.

 

 

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== Sejarah ==

 

The following are the successive stages in the development of each letter: [[Aleph|Alef]] is separated into two parts, the first being written as [[Image:Image2Letters.jpg]], and the [[perpendicular]] stroke placed at the left [[Image:Image3Letters.jpg]]. By the turn of the 20th century, Ashkenazi cursive had these two elements separated, thus ׀c, and the [[acute angle]] was rounded. It received also an abbreviated form connected with the favorite old ligature [[Image:Image4Letters.jpg]], and it is to this ligature of Alef and [[Lamedh|Lamed]] that the contracted [[Mizrahi|Oriental]] Aleph owes its origin ''([[Cursive Hebrew#Historical forms|Figure 3, column 7]])''. In writing [[Bet (letter)|Bet]], the lower part necessitated an interruption, and to overcome this obstacle it was made [[Image:Image5Letters.jpg]], and, with the total omission of the whole lower line, [[Image:Image6Letters.jpg]]. In [[Gimel]], the left-hand stroke is lengthened more and more. [[Dalet]] had its stroke put on obliquely to distinguish it from [[Resh]]; however, since in rapid writing it easily assumed a form similar in appearance to [[ר]], [[ד]] in analogy with [[ב]] was later changed to [[Image:Image7Letters.jpg]]. A transformation very similar to this took place in the cases of final [[Kaph|Kaf]] and of [[Qoph|Qof]] ''([[Cursive Hebrew#Historical forms|see columns 2, 5, 11, 14]])'', except that Kaf opened out a trifle more than Qof. The lower part of [[Zayin]] was bent sharply to the right and received a little hook at the bottom. The left-hand stroke of [[Teth|Ṭet]] was lengthened. Lamed gradually lost its [[semicircle]] until (as in both [[Nabataean language|Nabataean]] and [[Syriac language|Syriac]]) by the turn of the 20th century, it became a simple stroke, which was bent sharply toward the right. In the modern script today the Lamed has regained its semicircle. Final [[Mem]] branches out at the bottom, and in its latest stage is drawn out either to the left or straight down. In [[Samekh]] the same development also took place, but it afterward became again a simple circle. In order to write '[[Ayin]] without removing the pen from the surface, its two strokes were joined with a curl. The two forms of the letter [[Pe (letter)|Pe]] spread out in a marked flourish. As to [[Tsade|Tsadi]] the right-hand head is made longer, at first only to a small degree, but later on to a considerable extent. In the beginning [[Shin (letter)|Shin]] develops similarly to the same letter in Nabataean, but afterward the central stroke is lengthened upward, like the right arm of Tsadi, and finally it is joined with the left stroke, and the first stroke is left off altogether. The letters [[ה]], [[ד]], [[ח]], [[ן]], [[נ]], [[ר]], [[ת]], have undergone little modification: they have been rounded out and simplified by the omission of the heads.

 

== Pranala luar ==

 

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