Elie Wiesel: Perbedaan antara revisi

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<!--==Early life and experiences during the Holocaust==

[[Berkas:Buchenwald.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Buchenwald, 1945. Wiesel is on the second row, seventh from the left.]]

|source=Elie Wiesel, 'Night' (1958){{br}}Translated by Stella Rodway|}}

 

 

He taught [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and worked as a choirmaster before becoming a professional [[journalist]]. As a journalist he wrote for Israeli and French newspapers, including ''Tsien in Kamf'' (in [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]]) and the French [[newspaper]], ''L'arche''. However, for 11 years after the war, Wiesel refused to write about or discuss his experiences during the Holocaust. Like many survivors, Wiesel could not find the words to describe his experiences. However, a meeting with [[François Mauriac]], the [[1952]] [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Laureate in Literature]], who eventually became Wiesel's close friend, persuaded him to write about his Holocaust experiences.

In the U.S., Wiesel wrote over 40 books, both fiction and non-fiction, and won many literary prizes. Wiesel's writing is considered among the most important works in [[The Holocaust in art and literature|Holocaust literature]]. Some historians credit Wiesel with giving the term 'Holocaust' its present meaning, but he does not feel that the word adequately describes the event and wishes it were used less frequently to describe less significant occurrences such as everyday tragedies (Wiesel:1999, 18).

 

 

 

Wiesel is particularly fond of teaching and holds the position of [[Andrew Mellon]] Professor of the [[Humanities]] at [[Boston University]]. From 1972 to 1976, Wiesel was a Distinguished Professor at the [[City University of New York]]. In [[1982]] he served as the first [[Henry Luce]] Visiting Scholar in Humanities and Social Thought at [[Yale University]]. He also co-instructs Winter Term (January) courses at [[Eckerd College]], [[St. Petersburg, Florida]]. From 1997 to 1999 he was Ingeborg Rennert Visiting Professor of [[Judaic Studies]] at [[Barnard College]] of [[Columbia University]].

Wiesel has become a popular speaker on the subject of the Holocaust. As a [[political activist]], he has advocated for many causes, including [[Israel]], the plight of [[Soviet Jews|Soviet]] and [[Beta Israel|Ethiopian Jews]], the victims of ''[[apartheid]]'' in [[South Africa]], [[Argentina]]'s ''[[Desaparecidos]]'', [[Bosnians|Bosnian]] victims of [[ethnic cleansing]] in the former [[Yugoslavia]], [[Nicaragua]]'s [[Miskito|Miskito Indians]], and the [[Kurds]]. He recently voiced support for intervention in [[Darfur]], Sudan. He also led a commission organized by the [[Romanian]] government to research and write a report, released in 2004, on the true history of the Holocaust in Romania and the involvement of the Romanian wartime regime in atrocities against Jews and other groups, including the [[Roma people|Roma]]. The Romanian government accepted the findings in the report and committed to implementing the commission's recommendations for educating the public on the history of the Holocaust in Romania. The commission, formally called the International Commission for the Study of the Holocaust in Romania, came to be called the [[Wiesel Commission]] in Elie Wiesel's honor and due to his leadership.

 

 

On [[June 11]], [[2006]], Wiesel delivered the [[Commencement ceremony]] main address at [[Dartmouth College]]'s 236th Commencement Exercises.

==Criticism==

*[[Noam Chomsky]], the Jewish [[linguist]] and [[MIT]] Professor, has accused Wiesel of hypocrisy for failing to speak out on behalf of the [[Palestinian people|Palestinians]].

*[[Norman Finkelstein]], author of ''[[The Holocaust Industry]]'', has accused Wiesel of cynically using his writings on the Holocaust for financial gain and of charging excessive lecture fees. Finkelstein has also criticized what he considers Wiesel's hypocritical support of [[Israel]] in the [[Israeli-Palestinian conflict]].

*[[Christopher Hitchens]] has also lambasted Wiesel, calling him a "contemptible [[poseur]] and [[:wiktionary:en:windbag|windbag]]." Writing in ''[[The Nation (U.S. periodical)|The Nation]]'', Hitchens wrote that Wiesel was indifferent to the killing of [[Arabs]] at [[Sabra and Shatila]], commenting that in "1982, after Gen. [[Ariel Sharon]] had treated the inhabitants of the Sabra and Shatila camps as target practice for his paid proxies, Wiesel favored us with another of his exercises in [[neutrality]]. Asked by the ''[[New York Times]]'' to comment on the incident, he was one of the few American Jews approached on the matter to express zero remorse. 'I don’t think we should even comment,' he said, proceeding to comment bleatingly that he felt 'sadness–with Israel, and not against Israel.' For the victims, not even a perfunctory word."[http://www.marxists.de/middleast/press/wiesel.htm]

* Was criticised by [[Romania|Romanian]] intellectuals (including [[Eugene Ionesco]] and [[Paul Goma]]) for repeatedly accusing the Romanian people and Romanian authorities of the deportation of the Jews from his native Northern [[Transylvania]]. In fact, between [[1940]]-[[1944]] Northern Transylvania was under Hungarian rule, and the deportations were carried by Hungarian police officers under Hungarian jurisdiction. {{fact}} -->

 

** ''[[Night (buku)|Night]]'' (Hill and Wang 1958; 2006;) ISBN 0-553-27253-5 (diterjemahkan oleh [[Henriette Katoppo]] dengan judul [[Malam (buku)|Malam]], diterbitkan oleh Penerbit Obor, Jakarta)

** ''[[Dawn (buku)|Dawn]]'' (Hill and Wang 1961; 2006) ISBN 0-553-22536-7 (diterjemahkan oleh [[Henriette Katoppo]] dengan judul [[Fajar (buku)|Fajar]], diterbitkan oleh Penerbit Obor, Jakarta)

* ''Souls on Fire'' (Random House 1972) ISBN 0-671-44171-X

* ''Messengers of God'' (Random House 1976) ISBN 0-671-54134-X

* ''All Rivers Run to the Sea: Memoirs, Vol. I, 1928-1969'' (Knopf 1995) ISBN 0-8052-1028-8

* ''And the Sea is Never Full: Memoirs Vol. II, 1969'' (Knopf 1999) ISBN 0-8052-1029-6

* ''The Judges'' (Knopf 2002)

* ''Wise Men and Their Tales'' (Schocken 2003) ISBN 0-8052-4173-6

* "...Aku ingin mempercayainya. Di mataku, menjadi manusia berarti menjadi bagian dari komunitas manusia dalam pengertian yang paling luas dan paling langsung. Berarti merasa dianiaya setiap saat seseorang, siapapun juga, direndahkan..." ''Semua Sungai Mengalir ke Laut''

 

 

== Pranala luar ==

* Academy of Achievement Profile http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/wie0pro-1

* Academy of Achievement Biography http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/wie0bio-1

* Academy of Achievement Interview http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/wie0int-1

* Academy of Achievement Photo Gallery http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/wie0gal-1

* [http://www.pbs.org/eliewiesel/ Elie Wiesel: First Person Singular] PBS special on Elie Wiesel

* [http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/wie0pro-1 Academy of Achievement: Elie Wiesel] (Profile, biography and interview)

* [http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/wiesel.htm Text and audio of Elie Wiesel's famous speech on "The Perils of Indifference"]

* Fine, Ellen S. ''Legacy of Night: The Literary Universe of Elie Wiesel''. State University of New York Press, 1982. ISBN 0-87395-590-0 (paperback)

* Wiesel, Elie. ''All Rivers Run to the Sea: Memoirs.'' New York: Knopf, 1995.

* Wiesel, Elie. ''And the Sea is Never Full: Memoirs 1969-''. New York: Schocken, 1999.