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{{about|kehidupan Chelsea Manning|sidang pengadilan|UnitedAmerika StatesSerikat v. Manning{{!}}United States v. Manning}}
{{Infobox person
| titlename = Chelsea Manning▼
| bodystyle =
| birth_nameimage = Bradley Edward = Chelsea Manning on 18 May 2017.jpg
| alt=foto
▲| title = Chelsea Manning
| caption1caption = Manning pada bulan AprilMei 20122017▼
| titlestyle =
| birth_name = Bradley Edward Manning
| labelstyle =
| birth_date = {{nowrap|{{birth date and age|1987|12|17}}}}
| datastyle =
| PLACE OF BIRTH birth_place = [[Crescent, Oklahoma]], UnitedAmerika StatesSerikat▼
| above =
| nationality = Amerika Serikat
| above-style =
|module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes
| image1 = [[File:Bradley Manning US Army.jpg|210px]]
|allegiance= {{flagu|Amerika Serikat|size=23px}}
▲| caption1 = Manning pada bulan April 2012
|branch={{army|United States|size=23px}}
----
|serviceyears= 2007–2017<ref>[http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/discharge-upgrades-military-prisoners.html "If you have been convicted by a court-martial and are serving time in a military prison, you are still technically in the military."] www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia Hentet 18. Januari 2017.</ref>
| headerstyle =
|rank= [[Prajurit (pangkat)|Prajurit]] (E-1)<ref>Lewis, Paul. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/21/bradley-manning-35-years-prison-wikileaks-sentence "Bradley Manning given 35-year prison term for passing files to WikiLeaks"], ''The Guardian'', 21 Agustus 2013.</ref>
| label2 = Lahir
<!-- Tolong yang tahu padanan bahasa Indonesianya untuk resimen dan satuan militer asing bisa terjemahkan lebih lanjut |unit= [[2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|2nd Brigade Combat Team]], [[10th Mountain Division]] (former) -->
| data2 = {{birth date and age|1987|12|17}}<br />[[Crescent, Oklahoma|Crescent]], [[Oklahoma (negara bagian)|Oklahoma]], A.S.
|awards= data10[[Berkas:National Defense Service Medal =ribbon.svg|tepi|23px]] [[National Defense Service Medal]]<br />[[IraqBerkas:Global CampaignWar on Terrorism Service Medal ribbon.svg|tepi|23px]]<br />[[Global War on Terrorism Service Medal]]<br />[[Berkas:Army Service Ribbon.svg|tepi|23px]]<br />[[Overseas Service Ribbon#Army|Overseas Service Ribbon]]▼
| label3 = Tempat lahir
| data3 =
| label4 = Dinas/cabang
| data4 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States Army (1775).gif}} [[Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat]]
| label5 = Masa dinas
| data5 = 2007–2013
| label6 = Pangkat
| data6 = [[Prajurit]]<ref name=Tate21Aug2013/>
| label7 =
| data7 =
| label8 = Tuduhan
| data8 = Melanggar [[Espionage Act of 1917|Espionage Act]], mencuri properti pemerintah, melanggar [[Computer Fraud and Abuse Act]], mengabaikan perintah (pasal berlapis)<ref name=verdict/>
| label9 = Masa hukuman
| data9 = 35 tahun, dikeluarkan tanpa hormat, pangkat dicabut<ref name=Tate21Aug2013/><!--FYI (from SME): sentence will be announced, then the case goes to legal review by the SJA for the GCMCA (General Court-Martial Convening Authority), then the GCMCA will take the final action. At that point Manning can appeal to the military appeallate courts. -->
| label10 = Penghargaan militer
▲| data10 = [[National Defense Service Medal]]<br />[[Iraq Campaign Medal]]<br />[[Global War on Terrorism Service Medal]]<br />[[Army Service Ribbon]]<br />[[Overseas Service Ribbon#Army|Overseas Service Ribbon]]
| label11 = Orang tua
| data11 = Brian Manning<br /> Susan Fox
}}
|known_for = Membocorkan dokumen rahasia untuk [[Wikileaks]]
'''Chelsea E. Manning'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.today.com/news/i-am-chelsea-read-mannings-full-statement-6C10974052|title='I am Chelsea': Read Manning's full statement|date=22 August 2013|publisher=today.com|quote=As I transition into this next phase of my life, I want everyone to know the real me. I am Chelsea Manning. I am a female. Given the way that I feel, and have felt since childhood, I want to begin hormone therapy as soon as possible. I hope that you will support me in this transition. I also request that, starting today, you refer to me by my new name and use the feminine pronoun (except in official mail to the confinement facility). I look forward to receiving letters from supporters and having the opportunity to write back.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.today.com/news/bradley-manning-i-want-live-woman-6C10974915|title=Bradley Manning: I want to live as a woman|date=22 August 2013|last=Stamp|first=Scott|publisher=today.com}}</ref> (terlahir '''Bradley Edward Manning''', 17 Desember 1987) adalah seorang tentara [[Amerika Serikat]] yang pada Juli 2013 dijatuhi pasal berlapis tentang pelanggaran tehadap [[Undang-undang Spionase Amerika Serikat]] dan lain-lain setelah membocorkan dokumen rahasia dalam jumlah besar ke publik. Ia divonis penjara 35 tahun dan dikeluarkan dari militer secara tidak hormat.<ref name=Tate21Aug2013>Tate, Julie. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/judge-to-sentence-bradley-manning-today/2013/08/20/85bee184-09d0-11e3-b87c-476db8ac34cd_story.html "Judge sentences Bradley Manning to 35 years"], ''The Washington Post'', 21 August 2013.</ref> Ia boleh mengajukan pembebasan bersyarat setelah menjalani sepertiga masa hukumannya dan bisa dibebaskan delapan tahun setelah vonisnya jika ia berkelakuan baik di penjara.<ref name=Sledge21Aug2013/>
| criminal_charge = [[Undang-Undang Spionase 1917|Spionase]], pencurian benda milik pemerintah, pelanggaran terhadap [[Undang-Undang Penipuan dan Penyalahgunaan Komputer|UU Penipuan dan Penyalahgunaan Komputer]], mengabaikan perintah<ref name="verdict" />
| criminal_penalty = 35 tahun [[Penjara militer di Amerika Serikat|penjara]] (dari [[grasi]] menjadi 7 tahun semenjak ditahan), penurunan pangkat menjadi [[Prajurit (pangkat)|prajurit]] (Prajurit E-1, PVT), penyitaan seluruh gaji dan tunjangan, pemberhentian dengan tidak hormat<ref name="Tate21Aug2013" />
| parents = {{Plainlist|
* Brian Manning
* Susan Fox
}}▼
| signature =Chelsea Manning signature.svg
|signature_alt = signature
| signature_size = 135
}}
 
'''Chelsea Elizabeth Manning'''<ref name=LegalNameChange>{{cite web |last = Londoño |first = Ernesto |title = Convicted leaker Bradley Manning changes legal name to Chelsea Elizabeth Manning |url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/convicted-leaker-bradley-manning-changes-legal-name-to-chelsea-elizabeth-manning/2014/04/23/e2a96546-cb1c-11e3-a75e-463587891b57_story.html |work = The Washington Post |accessdate = 27 April 2014 }}</ref> ({{lahirmati|[[Crescent, Oklahoma|Crescent]]|17|12|1987|nama=dengan nama '''Bradley Edward Manning'''}}) adalah seorang tentara [[Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat|Angkatan Darat]] [[Amerika Serikat]] yang pada bulan Juli 2013 dijatuhi hukuman oleh pengadilan militer atas pelanggaran terhadap [[Undang-Undang Spionase 1917|UU Spionase]] serta pelanggaran lainnya setelah ia diketahui membocorkan sekitar 750.000 dokumen rahasia dan dokumen penting negara kepada [[WikiLeaks]].<ref name=Rollercoaster>{{cite web |last = Manning |first = Chelsea E |title = The years since I was jailed for releasing the 'war diaries' have been a rollercoaster |url = https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/may/27/anniversary-chelsea-manning-arrest-war-diaries |work = The Guardian |date = 27 Mei 2015 |accessdate = 28 Mei 2015 }}</ref> Pada bulan Agustus 2013, Manning divonis 35 tahun [[Penjara militer#Amerika Serikat|penjara]] dengan izin pengajuan [[pembebasan bersyarat]] pada tahun kedelapan serta diberhentikan dengan tidak hormat dari Angkatan Darat AS.<ref name="Tate21Aug2013">Tate, Julie. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/judge-to-sentence-bradley-manning-today/2013/08/20/85bee184-09d0-11e3-b87c-476db8ac34cd_story.html "Judge sentences Bradley Manning to 35 years"], ''The Washington Post'', 21 Agustus 2013.
* Pembebasan bersyarat setelah delapan tahun: Sledge, Matt. [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/21/bradley-manning-sentenced_n_3787492.html "Bradley Manning Sentenced To 35 Years In Prison For WikiLeaks Disclosures "],The Huffington Post, 21 Agustus 2013.</ref> Manning adalah seorang [[wanita trans]]gender. Satu hari setelah dijatuhi vonisnya, Manning berkata bahwa ia [[Disforia gender|merasa dirinya adalah perempuan]] semenjak kecil serta menyatakan keingininannya untuk dikenal sebagai Chlesea<ref>{{cite news |title = 21 Transgender People Who Influenced American Culture |url = http://time.com/130734/transgender-celebrities-actors-athletes-in-america/ |work = Time}}</ref> dan memulai [[terapi penyulihan hormon (laki-laki ke perempuan)|terapi penyulihan hormon]].<ref name="Manningstatement22Aug20132">Manning, Chelsea E. [http://www.today.com/news/i-am-chelsea-read-mannings-full-statement-6C10974052 "The Next Stage of My Life"], press release, 22 Agustus 2013: "As I transition into this next phase of my life, I want everyone to know the real me. I am Chelsea Manning. I am a female. Given the way that I feel, and have felt since childhood, I want to begin hormone therapy as soon as possible. ... I also request that, starting today, you refer to me by my new name and use the feminine pronoun (except in official mail to the confinement facility). ... Thank you, Chelsea E. Manning"
* Stamp, Scott. [http://www.today.com/news/bradley-manning-i-want-live-woman-6C10974915 "Bradley Manning: I want to live as a woman"], NBC ''Today'', 22 Agustus 2013.
* Blake, Aaron and Tate, Julie. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/bradley-manning-comes-out-as-transgendered-i-am-a-female/2013/08/22/0ae67750-0b25-11e3-8974-f97ab3b3c677_story.html "Bradley Manning comes out as transgender: 'I am a female'"], ''The Washington Post'', 22 Agustus 2013.
* Coombs, David. [http://www.armycourtmartialdefense.info/2013/08/additional-clarification-on-pvt.html "Additional Clarification on PVT Manning's Request"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831233828/http://www.armycourtmartialdefense.info/2013/08/additional-clarification-on-pvt.html |date=2013-08-31 }}, The Law Offices of David E. Coombs, 26 Agustus 2013: "... PVT Manning, who has experienced gender dysphoria and gone through a process of gender questioning and exploration for years, announced that she would like to begin to be known publicly by the name of Chelsea Elizabeth Manning ..."
* {{cite journal |title = The End of Hypocrisy: American Foreign Policy in the Age of Leaks |first1 = Henry |last1 = Farrell |first2 = Martha |last2 = Finnemore |url = http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/140155/henry-farrell-and-martha-finnemore/the-end-of-hypocrisy |date = November–Desember 2013 |accessdate = 26 Oktober 2013 |quote = Chelsea Manning, an army private then known as Bradley Manning, turned over hundreds of thousands of classified cables to the anti-secrecy group WikiLeaks |subscription = yes |journal = [[Foreign Affairs]] }}</ref> Sejak awal masa hidupnya serta selama kariernya di militer, Manning dikenal sebagai Bradley. Ia menerima diagnosis [[gangguan identitas gender]] saat ia masih bertugas di Angkatan Darat AS.<ref>{{cite web |title = 'I am Chelsea Manning' |first1 = Meredith |last1 = Clark |url = http://www.msnbc.com/melissa-harris-perry/i-am-chelsea-manning |date = 22 Agustus 2013 |accessdate = 28 Oktober 2013 |quote = Dr. David Moulton, the forensic psychologist assigned to review Manning's case, said that Manning was suffering from gender identity disorder, a diagnosis supported by a military sanity board. }}</ref>
 
Pada tahun 2009, Manning ditugaskan di satusebuah unitsatuan angkatan darat dekatdi Irak sebagai [[baghdadanalisis intelijen|penganalisis intelijen]]. Diyang sanamemungkinkannya iauntuk memiliki akses kemengakses pusat data-data yangrahasia. digunakanPada pemerintahawal Amerikatahun Serikat2010, untukia mengirimmembocorkan informasi rahasia. Manningke ditahanWikiLeaks didan Irakmemberitahukannya padakepada Meiseorang 2010teman setelahInternetnya yaitu [[Adrian Lamo]],. seorangLamo peretaskemudian komputer,melaporkannya memberitahukepada [[FBI]]Badan bahwaKontra ManningIntelijen (melaluiAngkatan obrolanDarat Internet)Amerika mengakuSerikat]] telahdan mengunduhManning materialditahan daripada pusat-pusatbulan data tersebut dan meneruskannya ke [[WikiLeaks]]Mei. Material yang diteruskan mencakup video [[serangan udara Baghdad 12 Juli 2007]] dan, [[serangan udara Granai 2009]] 2009 di Afghanistan;Afganistan, 250251.000287 [[bocoranPembocoran kawatpesan diplomatik Amerika Serikat|kawatpesan diplomatik Amerika SerikatAS]];,<ref name="WikiLeaks11-28-2010">{{cite web |title = Secret US Embassy Cables |url = https://wikileaks.org/cablegate.html |publisher = WikiLeaks |date = 28 November 2010 |accessdate = 28 Mei 2015 }}</ref> dan 500482.000832 laporan angkatan darat yang kelak dikenal dengan namasebagai [[bocoranPembocoran dokumen Perang Irak|catatanCatatan Perang Irak]]<ref>{{cite news |title = Iraq War logs |url = https://wikileaks.org/irq/ |accessdate = 28 Mei 2015 |publisher = WikiLeaks |date = 22 Oktober 2010 }}</ref> dan [[bocoranPembocoran dokumen Perang AfghanistanAfganistan|catatanCatatan Perang AfghanistanAfganistan]].<ref>{{cite news |title name=Leigh2011p194 Afghan War diary |url = https://wikileaks.org/afg/ |accessdate = 28 Mei 2015 |publisher = WikiLeaks |date = 25 Juli 2010 }}</ref> Sebagian besar material ini dirilis oleh WikiLeaks atau rekan medianya antara April dan November 2010.<ref name="Leigh2011p194">Leigh anddan Harding 2011, pp. 194ff, 211.
* Catatan Perang Irak dan Afghanistan: Nicks, 2012, p. 137.
* For Manning's referring to the documents, see [http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/06/leak/ Poulsen and Zetter, 6 June 2010].</ref>
* Pernyataan Manning soal dokumen tersebut [http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/06/leak/ Poulsen dan Zetter, 6 Juni 2010], [http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ Hansen, 13 Juli 2011], and [https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_zC44SBaZPoQmJUYURBUnBycUk Manning, 29 Januari 2013].</ref>
 
Manning langsungdidakwa dituduh melakukanatas 22 pelanggaran, termasuk [[Uniform Code of Military Justice#Pasal hukuman|membantu musuh]], pelanggaranyang terberatdapat dimembuatnya Amerikamendapatkan Serikat[[hukuman mati]].<ref name="Nicks">[httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20110429142813/http://thislandpress.com/09/23/2010/private-manning-and-the-making-of-wikileaks-2/ Nicks, 23 September 2010].
* ForUntuk thedakwaan initial chargesawal, seelihat: [http://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/pdf/ManningPreferralofCharges.pdf?tag=contentMain;contentBody "Soldier faces criminal charges"], United States Division &nbsp;– Center, Media Release, 6 JulyJuli 2010.
* AlsoLihat see [http://cryptome.org/manning-charge.pdf "Charge sheet"], ''Cryptome''; andpula [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/lifestyle/magazine/2011/manning/manning_charges.pdf "Charge sheet"], ''The Washington Post''.
* ForUntuk thedakwaan additionallainnya charges, seelihat Miklaszewski, JimJ. anddan Kube, CourtneyC. [http://www.msnbc.msnnbcnews.com/id/41876046/ns/us_news-security/ "Manning faces new charges, possible death penalty"], MSNBC, 2 MarchMaret 2011.</ref> Ia ditahan di [[Marine Corps Brig, Quantico]], [[Virginia,]] sejak Juli 2010 sampai April 2011 dengan status ''Prevention of Injury'', yang mengharuskan penahanan soliter secara ''de facto'' danmengharuskannya pembatasanditahan laindalam sehinggasel memunculkansoliter kekhawatirandisertai didengan beberapa peraturan khusus lainnya yang memicu perhatian dari dalam AS dan luar negeri,. sebelumIa ditransferkemudian dipindahkan ke [[Fort Leavenworth]], [[Kansas]], tempat ia bisa berinteraksi dengan tahanan lain.<ref name="APApril202011">ForUntuk thesurat letterdari frombeberapa theahli legalhukum scholarssoal Manning, seelihat Ackerman, BruceB. anddan Benkler, YochaiY. [httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20110405001633/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2011/apr/28/private-mannings-humiliation/ "Private Manning’sManning's Humiliation"], ''The New York Review of Books'',. retrievedDiakses pada 5 April 2011 (seelihat aversi laterterkoreksinya correctiondi heresini [httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20110409205745/http://balkin.blogspot.com/2011/03/statement-on-private-mannings-detention.html]).
* ForUntuk the jailpemindahan transferpenahanan, seelihat [http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2011/04/19/us/politics/AP-US-US-WikiLeaks-Army-Private.html "WikiLeaks Suspect Transferred to Fort Leavenworth"], Associated Press, 20 April 2011.</ref> SheIa pleadedmengaku guiltybersalah inatas February10 2013dakwaan tokepada 10pengadilan ofpada thebulan chargesFebruari 2013.<ref name="CBS28Feb2013">[http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57571812/bradley-manning-enters-guilty-pleas-in-wikileaks-case/ "Judge accepts Manning's guilty pleas in WikiLeaks case"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029204719/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57571812/bradley-manning-enters-guilty-pleas-in-wikileaks-case/ |date=2013-10-29 }}, CBS News, February 28, Februari 2013.</ref> [[UnitedAmerika StatesSerikat v. Manning|Pengadilan untuk tuduhandakwaan lainlainnya]]nya dimulai pada tanggal 3 Juni 2013. Padadan pada tanggal 30 Juli, iaManning dinyatakan bersalahdidakwa atas 17 tuduhandakwaan pertamaawal dan 4 tuduhan laindakwaan yang sudahtelah diamandemen;diubah ianamun dinyatakania tidak bersalah atas tuduhandidakwa membantu musuh.<ref name="verdict">Tate, JulieJ. anddan LondonoLondoño, ErnestoE. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/judge-to-announce-verdict-in-bradley-manning-case-today/2013/07/29/e894a75c-f897-11e2-afc1-c850c6ee5af8_story.html "Bradley Manning found not guilty of aiding the enemy, convicted on other charges"], ''The Washington Post'', 30 JulyJuli 2013.
* LondonoLondoño, ErnestoE.; Rolfe, RebeccaR.; anddan Tate, JulieJ. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/national/manning-verdict/ "Verdict in Bradley Manning case"], ''The Washington Post'', 30 JulyJuli 2013.
* Savage, CharlieC. [http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/31/us/bradley-manning-verdict.html "Manning Acquitted of Aiding the Enemy"], ''The New York Times'', 30 JulyJuli 2013.
* Pilkington, Ed. [httphttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/30/bradley-manning-wikileaks-judge-verdict "Bradley Manning verdict: cleared of 'aiding the enemy' but guilty of other charges"], ''The Guardian'', 31 JulyJuli 2013: "the soldier was found guilty in their entirety of 17 out of the 22 counts against him, and of an amended version of four others."</ref> PadaPengadilan 21menjatuhkan Agustus, ia dijatuhiManning hukuman penjara selama 35 tahun dengan kredit 1.293 hari untuk penahanan sebelum pengadilan, termasuk kredit 112 hari untuk karantinanya di Quantico.<ref name=Tate21Aug2013/> Ia akan ditahanpenjara di [[FortUnited Leavenworth]]States diDisciplinary [[KansasBarracks]] di [[UnitedFort States Disciplinary Barracks]]Leavenworth.<ref name="Hanna21Aug2013">Hanna, JohnJ. [http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/manning-serve-sentence-famous-leavenworth-20023673 "Manning to Serve Sentence at Famous Leavenworth"], ''[[ABCAssociated News]]''Press, August 21, Agustus 2013.</ref>
 
ReaksiTindakan terhadapyang pembocoran,dilakukan Manning serta penangkapan, dansekaligus pengadilanpenahanannya Manningmenuai reaksi beragam. [[Denver Nicks]], salah satu penulis biografi Manning, menulismenyebutkan bahwa materialdokumen yang bocoria tersebutbocorkan, terutama kawatsoal diplomatiknyapesan-pesan diplomatik, dipandangdianggap luas sebagai pencetuspemicu terjadinya [[Musim Semi Arab]] yang bermula pada Desember 2010,. danIa juga menyebutkan bahwa Manning dianggapdipandang sebagai ''[[Tank Man|Tiananmen Square Tank Man]]'' abad ke-21 danjuga sebagai seorang [[Pengkhianatan|pengkhianat]] yang tersakitiselama ini telah memperoleh perlakuan buruk.<ref>For theSebagai comparisonsperbandingan, seelihat Nicks, 2012, p. 3, and for the Arab Spring,dan pp. 212–216.</ref> Sejumlah[[Reporters komentatorWithout membicarakanBorders]] mengapamengutuk seorangdurasi prajurit ADhukuman yang tampaknyadijatuhkan sangatkepada tidakManning senangdan memilikimenyatakan aksesbahwa kehal informasiini rahasia,menunjukkan danbetapa mengaparentannya tindakanseorang pengamanan''[[whistleblower]]'' gagal mencegah pengunduhanterhadap tanpahukuman izin tersebutpidana.<ref>For thename="RWB">[http://en.rsf.org/united-states-lengthy-prison-term-for-bradley-21-08-2013,45087.html "accessLengthy toprison sensitiveterm material"for questions,Bradley seeManning"] [http{{Webarchive|url=https://wwwweb.washingtonpostarchive.comorg/wp-dynweb/content20130821162440/articlehttp:/2010/11en.rsf.org/29/AR2010112905985united-states-lengthy-prison-term-for-bradley-21-08-2013,45087.html "The right|date=2013-08-21 response to WikiLeaks"]}}, ''TheReporters WashingtonWithout Post''Borders, editorial,21 NovemberAgustus 30, 20102013.</ref>
*Also see [http://www.salon.com/2010/06/18/wikileaks_3/singleton/ Greenwald, 18 June 2010], and Nicks 2012, pp. 116–117: "Though he was a lowly private in the chain of command, the digitization of classified communications and the government's twenty-first century information-sharing initiatives conspired to him give unprecedented access to state secrets."</ref> [[Reporters Without Borders]] mengutuk hukuman yang diterima Manning dan menyatakan bahwa ini menunjukkan betapa rentannya para pembocor rahasia dan seberat apa hukuman Amerika Serikat terhadap "siapapun yang mengungkap informasi rahasia yang menyangkut pemerintah."<ref name=RWB>{{cite web|title=Lengthy prison term for Bradley Manning|url=http://en.rsf.org/united-states-lengthy-prison-term-for-bradley-21-08-2013,45087.html|work=21 August 2013|publisher=Reporters Without Borders|accessdate=22 August 2013}}</ref>
 
Presiden [[Barack Obama]] pada tanggal 17 Januari 2017 memberikan [[grasi]] terhadap Manning dengan mengganti hukumannya menjadi 7 tahun penjara dihitung sejak awal ia ditahan oleh pada Mei 2010. Manning dijadwalkan bebas pada 17 Mei 2017.<ref name="nyt-17jan2017">{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/17/us/politics/obama-commutes-bulk-of-chelsea-mannings-sentence.html | title=Obama Commutes Bulk of Chelsea Manning's Sentence | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date=17 Januari 2017 | accessdate=17 Januari 2017 | last=Savage | first=Charlie}}</ref>
Manning mengalami [[gangguan identitas kelamin]] sejak kecil dan mengeluarkan pernyataan sehari setelah sidangnya bahwa ia mengaku sebagai perempuan, memilih nama Chelsea Manning, dan mengaku ingin menjalani [[terapi penggantian hormon (pria ke wanita)|terapi penggantian hormon]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.today.com/news/bradley-manning-i-want-live-woman-6C10974915|title=Bradley Manning: I want to live as a woman|date=August 22, 2013|last=Stamp|first=Scott|publisher=today.com}}</ref>
 
== Lihat pula ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Informasi rahasia di Amerika Serikat]]
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{{colend}}
 
== Catatan ==
* ''Catatan: Sumber yang dipakai berulang-ulang atau penting bagi artikel ini dipaparkan secara pendek di subbbagian ini, layaknya sebuah buku; untuk kutipan penuh sumber-sumber tersebut, lihat subbagian Referensi di bawah. Sumber lain dikutip penuh di subbagian ini.''
{{reflist|30em}}
 
== Referensi ==
;Buku
* Brooke, Heather. ''The Revolution Will Be Digitised''. William Heinemann, 2011.
Baris 76:
 
;Artikel penting
* Caesar, Ed. [http://www.edcaesar.co.uk/article.php?article_id=53 "Bradley Manning: Wikileaker"], ''The Sunday Times'', 19 December 2010; [{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514070751/http://www.webcitationedcaesar.orgco.uk/66jxQ258Barticle.php?article_id=53 |date=2013-05-14 archived]}} from the original on 7 April 2012.
* Fishman, Steve. [http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/ "Bradley Manning’s Army of One"], ''New York Magazine'', 3 July 2011.
* Greenwald, Glenn. [http://www.salon.com/2010/06/18/wikileaks_3/singleton/ "The strange and consequential case of Bradley Manning, Adrian Lamo and WikiLeaks"]{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''Salon'', 18 June 2010.
* Last, Jonathan V. [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/01/11/opinion/main7233405.shtml "The Left's Canonization of St. Bradley Manning"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515171830/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/01/11/opinion/main7233405.shtml |date=2013-05-15 }}, CBS News, 11 January 2011.
* Manning, Bradley. [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B_zC44SBaZPoMzMyNWExZmUtZjEzMS00ZjM2LWE3OWMtM2I4NzY5NDNkMmFh&hl=en&authkey=CMKgiogG "Memorandum"], released by David Coombs, March 10, 2011; [httphttps://www.webcitation.org/66jbWvdkx?url=https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_zC44SBaZPoMzMyNWExZmUtZjEzMS00ZjM2LWE3OWMtM2I4NzY5NDNkMmFh/edit?hl=en archived] from the original on 6 April 2012.
* Nakashima, Ellen. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html "Bradley Manning is at the center of the WikiLeaks controversy. But who is he?"], ''The Washington Post'', 4 May 2011; [{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622072144/http://www.webcitationwashingtonpost.orgcom/66jxIfhcIlifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html |date=2011-06-22 archived]}} from the original on 7 April 2012.
* Nicks, Denver. [httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20110429142813/http://thislandpress.com/09/23/2010/private-manning-and-the-making-of-wikileaks-2/ "Private Manning and the Making of Wikileaks"], ''This Land'', 23 September 2010.
* PBS ''Frontline''. [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/manning-facebook-page/ "Bradley Manning's Facebook Page"], March 2011; [{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427065524/http://www.webcitationpbs.org/66jxXt3Fowgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/manning-facebook-page/ |date=2012-04-27 archived]}} from the original on 7 April 2011.
* Thompson, Ginger. [http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/09/us/09manning.html?_r=1&scp=23&sq=%22Bradley+Manning%22&st=nyt "Early Struggles of Soldier Charged in Leak Case"], ''The New York Times'', 8 August 2010.
* Zetter, Kim. [http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/12/manning-assange-laptop/ "Jolt in WikiLeaks Case: Feds Found Manning-Assange Chat Logs on Laptop"], ''Wired'', 19 December 2011.
Baris 95:
* Poulsen, Kevin and Zetter, Kim. [http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/06/manning-detainment/ "Three Weeks After Arrest, Still No Charges in WikiLeaks Probe"], ''Wired'' magazine, 16 June 2010.
* Xeni, Jardin. [http://www.boingboing.net/2010/06/19/wikileaks-a-somewhat.html "WikiLeaks: a somewhat less redacted version of the Lamo/Manning logs"], ''Boing Boing'', 19 June 2010.
* Greenwald, Glenn. [http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/12/27/wired "The worsening journalistic disgrace at Wired"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902072022/http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/12/27/wired |date=2011-09-02 }}, ''Salon'', 27 December 2010.
* Hansen, Evan and Poulsen, Kevin. [http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/12/greenwald/ "Putting the Record Straight on the Lamo-Manning Chat Logs"], ''Wired'' magazine, 28 December 2010.
* Greenwald, Glenn. [http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/12/29/wired_1 "Wired's refusal to release or comment on the Manning chat logs"], ''Salon'', 29 December 2010.
* ''Firedoglake''. [http://firedoglake.com/merged-manning-lamo-chat-logs/ "Manning/WikiLeaks timeline"], published as a complete version of the released excerpts, retrieved 14 March 2011; [http{{Webarchive|url=https://wwwweb.webcitationarchive.org/66UwxbG1lweb/20120327113416/http://firedoglake.com/merged-manning-lamo-chat-logs/ |date=2012-03-27 archived]}} from the original on 28 March 2012.
* Hansen, Evan. [http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ "Manning-Lamo Chat Logs Revealed"], ''Wired'' magazine, 13 July 2011; [{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330045536/http://www.webcitationwired.orgcom/66UwrlbdRthreatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |date=2012-03-30 archived]}} from the original on 28 March 2012.
 
;Audio/video
Baris 107:
* Smith, Teresa et al. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2011/may/27/bradley-manning-wikileaks-iraq-video "The madness of Bradley Manning?"], ''The Guardian'', 27 May 2011.
 
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
{{Commons category|Bradley Manning|Chelsea Manning}}
;Artikel
Baris 114:
* ''The Guardian''. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/iraq-war-logs "Iraq: The War Logs"], retrieved 9 May 2012.
* ''The New York Times''. [http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/world/war-logs.html "The War Logs''], retrieved 9 May 2012.
* ''Wired''. [httphttps://archive.today/20130209204150/www.wired.com/threatlevel/category/bradley-manning/ "Bradley Manning"], retrieved 8 May 2012.
 
;Buku
Baris 122:
 
;Audio/video
* Broom, Kyle. [http://preventionofinjury.com/ "Prevention of Injury (POI)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515001800/http://preventionofinjury.com/ |date=2012-05-15 }}, a short dramatization of the account given by Manning in her letter to the army ([https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B_zC44SBaZPoMzMyNWExZmUtZjEzMS00ZjM2LWE3OWMtM2I4NzY5NDNkMmFh&hl=en&authkey=CMKgiogG Manning, 10 March 2011]); also see [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2009556/ ImDb], retrieved 8 April 2012.
* ''Democracy Now''. [http://www.democracynow.org/topics/bradley_manning Bradley Manning video archive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822231014/http://www.democracynow.org/topics/bradley_manning |date=2013-08-22 }}, 2011–present.
* Gavin, Patrick. [http://www.politico.com/story/2013/06/celebrity-bradley-manning-video-93041.html "Celeb video: I am Bradley Manning"], ''Politico'', 19 June 2013.
* Gonzales, Juan and Goodman, Amy. [http://www.democracynow.org/2011/2/24/glenn_greenwald_on_the_assange_extradition "Glenn Greenwald on the Assange Extradition Ruling, the Jailing of Bradley Manning ..."], Democracy Now!, 24 February 2011.
* Miller, Michelle. [http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=7406736n "Private"], CBS News, 26 April 2012, interview with Denver Nicks, author of ''Private'' (2012), Manning's biography.
* Nicks, Denver. [httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20101026025758/http://thislandpress.com/09/22/2010/private-manning-speaks/ "Private Manning Speaks"], ''This Land'', 22 September 2010.
* Price, Tim. ''The Radicalisation of Bradley Manning''. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012 (play), directed by John McGrath, [http://nationaltheatrewales.org/whatson/performance/ntw18#theradicalisationofbradleymanning "The Radicalisation of Bradley Manning"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604062051/http://nationaltheatrewales.org/whatson/performance/ntw18#theradicalisationofbradleymanning |date=2012-06-04 }}, National Theatre Wales, 12–28 April 2012.
 
;Dokumen hukum
* [http://www.scribd.com/collections/3376478/US-v-Bradley-Manning "U.S. v Bradley Manning"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809061914/http://www.scribd.com/collections/3376478/US-v-Bradley-Manning |date=2013-08-09 }}, scribd.com, retrieved 7 April 2012.
 
== Pranala luar ==
* {{IMDb name|id=4808915}}
* [http://www.bradleymanning.org/ Bradley Manning Support Network]
{{WikiLeaks}}
{{GoodAuthority articlecontrol}}
 
{{Authority control|VIAF=170370248}}
{{Persondata
| NAME = Manning, Chelsea E.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Manning, Bradley Edward
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American soldier arrested for leaking classified information
| DATE OF BIRTH = December 17, 1987
▲| PLACE OF BIRTH = Crescent, Oklahoma, United States
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
▲}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Manning, Chelsea}}
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Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Chelsea_Manning"