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[[Berkas:EAN-13-ISBN-13.svg|thumbjmpl|220px|Sebuah ISBN-13, "978-3-16-148410-0," yang menunjukkan [[European Article Number|EAN-13 barcode]]]]
 
'''''International Standard Book Number''''', atau '''ISBN''' (arti harfiah Bahasa Indonesia: ''Angka StandarNomor Buku Standar Internasional''), adalah pengindentikasi"pengindentikasian unik" untuk buku-buku yang digunakan secara komersial. Sistem ISBN diciptakan di [[Britania Raya]] pada tahun [[1966]] oleh seorang pedagang buku dan alat-alat tulis [[W H Smith]] dan mulanya disebut ''Standard Book Numbering'' atau SBN (digunakan hingga tahun [[1974]]). Sistem ini diadopsi sebagai standar internasional [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]] 2108 tahun [[1970]]. Pengidentikasi serupa, ''International Standard Serial Number'' ([[ISSN]]), digunakan untuk publikasi periodik seperti majalah.
 
ISBN diperuntukkan bagi penerbitan buku. Nomor ISBN tidak bisa dipergunakan secaradengan sembarangan, diatur oleh sebuah lembaga internasional yang berkedudukan di [[Berlin]], [[Jerman]]. Untuk memperolehnya bisa dilakukan dengan menghubungi perwakilan lembaga ISBN dipada tiapsetiap negara yang telah ditunjuk oleh lembaga'''Lembaga internasional ISBN'''. Perwakilan lembaga internasional ISBN di Indonesia adalah [[Perpustakaan Nasional yangRepublik beralamatIndonesia|Perpustakaan diNasional JalanRI]] Salemba,sejak Jakarta.ditunjuknya Nomorlembaga ISBNtersebut dapatmenjadi diperolehbadan dengannasional menghubungiISBN untuk wilayah [[PerpustakaanNKRI|negara Nasionalkesatuan Republik Indonesia]] dengan(NKRI) carapada datangtahun langsung1986. atauKesepakatan melaluibersama Faksimil(''Memorandum of Understanding/MoU'') antara Internasional ISBN Agency dengan ketentuan:Perpustakaan Nasional RI untuk urusan ISBN ditandatangani pada tanggal 31 Maret 2005.<ref>lihat buku ''Pedoman penyelenggaraan layanan ISBN, ISMN, KDT dan barcode Perpustakaan Nasional RI'', penyunting, Prita Wulandari, Ratna Gunarti, Perpustakaan Nasional RI, 2014.</ref>
 
== Persyaratan ==
# Mengirimkan atau membawa surat permohonan yang berisi judul buku beserta sinopsis buku yang akan diterbitkan.
Penerbit yang ingin mengajukan permohonan ISBN harus memenuhi beberapa persyaratan, yaitu:
# Membayar biaya administrasi Rp 25.000/judul buku.
# Mengisi [[formulir]] surat pernyataan untuk [[penerbit]] baru yang belum pernah bergabung dalam keanggotaan ISBN;
# Menunjukkan bukti legalitas penerbit ([[akta notaris]], surat keputusan, akta kesepakatan, atau surat-surat resmi yang isinya dapat dipertanggungjawabkan;
# Membuat surat permohonan di atas kop surat resmi [[penerbit]] atau badan yang bertanggung jawab;
# Melampirkan halaman judul, halaman balik halaman judul, daftar isi, dan kata pengantar
Permohonan bisa disampaikan melalui jasa pos, [[faksimile]], [[surel]], [[daring]], atau datang langsung ke [[Perpustakaan Nasional]] dan tidak dipungut biaya.
 
ISBN terdiri dari "Sepuluh Digit Nomor" dengan urutan penulisannya adalah kode negara-kode penerbit-kode buku-nomor identifikasi. Namun, sejak [[Januari]] 2007 penulisan ISBN terjadi perubahan mengikuti pola [[EAN]], menjadi 13 digit nomor.
Proses untuk memperoleh nomor ISBN tidaklah rumit, terlebih bila datang sendiri ke Perpustakaan Nasional hanya memerlukan waktu beberapa jam.
 
ISBN terdiri dari 10 digit nomor dengan urutan penulisan adalah kode negara-kode penerbit-kode buku-no identifikasi. Namun, mulai Januari 2007 penulisan ISBN mengalami perubahan mengikuti pola [[EAN]], yaitu 13 digit nomor. Perbedaannya hanyaBedanya terletak padadi tiga digit nomor pertama ditambah 978. Jadi, penulisan ISBN 13 digit adalah 978-kode negara-kode penerbit-kode buku-nonomor identifikasi.
 
Prefiks'''Awalan ISBN''' untuk negara [[Indonesia]] adalah "979" dan "602". ContohBerikut adalah contoh pola ISBN untuk buku-buku di Indonesia:
 
* 978-979-penerbit-kode buku-nonomor identifikasi
 
* 978-602-penerbit-kode buku-nonomor identifikasi
 
* 979-979-penerbit-kode buku-nonomor identifikasi
 
* 979-602-penerbit-kode buku-nonomor identifikasi
 
=== Catatan ===
Catatan: 2 polaPola akhirAkhir belum digunakan dan akan digunakandipakai apabila prefiksawalan 978 itu sudah penuh. Hal ini berlaku untuk semua negara dimanadi prefiksmana awalawalan 979 menggantikan penempatan prefiksawalan 978.
 
== Referensi ==
 
{{reflist}}
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==Pengantar==
 
Each edition and variation (except reprints) of a book receives its own ISBN. The number is either 10 or 13 digits long, and consists of four or five parts:
#if 13-digit ISBN, an [[European Article Number|EAN]] prefix, either 978 or 979
#the country of origin or language code,
#the publisher,
#the item number, and
#a [[checksum]] character.
 
The different parts can have different lengths and are usually separated by hyphens. Hyphens are not strictly necessary however, since [[prefix code]]s are used, which ensure that no two codes start the same way. If present, hyphens must be placed correctly (instructions are given [http://www.isbn.org/standards/home/isbn/international/hyphenation-instructions.asp here]); however they are not sufficient since different agencies are responsible for allocating different ISBN subranges and a complete, up-to-date list is not available at isbn.org.
 
The country field is 0 or 1 for English speaking countries, 2 for French speaking countries, 3 for German speaking countries, etc. (The original SBN lacked the country field, but prefixing 0 to a 9-digit SBN creates a valid ISBN.) The country field can be up to 5 digits long; 99936 for instance is used for [[Bhutan]]. See [http://www.isbn-international.org/en/identifiers/allidentifiers.html this complete list].
 
The publisher number is assigned by the national ISBN agency, and the item number is chosen by the publisher. There is, in general, no requirement for a publisher to assign an ISBN to a book nor for that book to display its number - but see below for the exception in China. However, many bookstores will only deal with items bearing an ISBN.
 
Publishers receive blocks of ISBNs, with larger blocks going to publishers that are expected to need them; a small publisher might receive ISBNs consisting of a digit for the language, seven digits for the publisher, and a single digit for the individual items. Once that block is used up, the publisher can receive another block of numbers, with a different publisher number. As a consequence, different publisher numbers may correspond to the same publisher.
 
The [[International ISBN Agency]] [http://www.isbn-international.org/] in its official manual [http://www.isbn-international.org/en/userman/download/ISBNmanual.pdf] states that the 10-digit ISBN [[check digit]], which is the last digit of the 10 digit ISBN, is calculated on a [[modular arithmetic|modulus]] 11 with weights 10 to 2, using X in lieu of 10 where ten would occur as a check digit. This means that each of the first nine digits of the 10-digit ISBN – excluding the check digit itself – is multiplied by a number in a sequence from 10 to 2 and that the resulting sum of the products, plus the check digit, must be divisible by 11 without a remainder.
 
By this method the calculation for the 10-digit ISBN whose first nine digits are 0-306-40615 would be done thus:
&nbsp; 10×0 + 9×3 + 8×0 + 7×6 + 6×4 + 5×0 + 4×6 + 3×1 + 2×5
= &nbsp;0&nbsp; + &nbsp;27&nbsp; + &nbsp;0&nbsp; + &nbsp;42 + &nbsp;24 + &nbsp;0&nbsp; + &nbsp;24 + &nbsp;3&nbsp; + &nbsp;10
= 130
The next complete multiple of 11 is 12×11 = 132
132 - 130 = 2
 
So the check digit is 2, and the complete sequence is <nowiki>ISBN 0-306-40615-2</nowiki>.
 
A second method to find the check digit is by first multiplying each digit of the 10-digit ISBN by that digit's place in the number sequence from 1 to 9, with the leftmost digit being multiplied by 1, the next digit by 2, and so on. Next, take the sum of these multiplications and calculate the sum [[modular arithmetic|modulo]] 11, with "10" represented by the character "X".
For example, to find the check digit for the 10-digit ISBN whose first nine digits are 0-306-40615:
&nbsp; 1×0 + 2×3 + 3×0 + 4×6 + 5×4 + 6×0 + 7×6 + 8×1 + 9×5
= &nbsp;0&nbsp; + &nbsp;6&nbsp; + &nbsp;0&nbsp; + &nbsp;24 + &nbsp;20 + &nbsp;0&nbsp; + &nbsp;42 + &nbsp;8&nbsp; + &nbsp;45
= 145
= 13×11 + 2
So the check digit is 2, and the complete sequence is <nowiki>ISBN 0-306-40615-2</nowiki>.
 
Since 11 is a [[prime number]], this scheme ensures that a single error (in the form of an altered digit or two transposed digits) can always be detected.
 
==EAN format used in barcodes, and planned upgrade==
 
Currently, the barcodes found on the backs of books (or inside front covers of mass-market paperbacks) are [[EAN-13]]; they may be "Bookland"—that is, with a separate barcode encoding five digits for the currency and recommended retail price. There is a detailed description of the EAN13 format [http://www.barcodeisland.com/ean13.phtml here]. "978", the asset code for books, is prepended to the ISBN in the barcode data, and the check digit is recalculated according to the EAN13 formula (modulo 10, 1x, and 3x weighting on alternate digits).
 
Because of a pending shortage in certain ISBN categories, the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO) started migrating to a thirteen-digit ISBN (sometimes referred to as ISBN-13) in a process that began on [[1 January]] [[2005]] and will finish on [[1 January]] [[2007]]. This move will also bring the ISBN system into line with the [[Universal Product Code|UPC]] barcode system. There is a [http://www.collectionscanada.ca/iso/tc46sc9/isbn.htm FAQ document] about this change. Existing ISBNs will be prefixed with "978" (and the check digit recalculated); as the "978" ISBNs are exhausted, the "979" prefix will be introduced. This is expected to happen more rapidly outside of the US. Note that publisher identification codes are unlikely to be the same in 978 and 979 ISBNs.
 
Since the new 13-digit ISBNs will be identical to the EAN barcoded format of any existing 10-digit ISBNs, this process will not break compatibility with any existing barcodes. This means that moving to an EAN-based system will allow booksellers to use a single numbering system for both book and non-book products without breaking backwards compatibility with existing ISBN-based information, and with only minimal changes to their IT systems. For this reason, many [[bookstore|booksellers]], including [[Barnes & Noble]], have already opted to start the process of phasing out usage of ISBNs in favour of using EAN codes as of March 2005.
 
== ISBNs and book censorship in the People's Republic of China ==
 
ISBNs are used as a means of book censorship in the [[People's Republic of China]]. For a printer to legally print a run of books, they
must have an ISBN, which are assigned in blocks to state owned publishing houses. However, since the 1990s, this means of censorship has become
much less effective as state publishing houses, which, like all [[state owned enterprises]], have been weaned from government subsidy, will now sell ISBNs to the highest bidder without regard to the content.
 
-->
 
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Amazon Standard Identification Number|ASIN]] (Amazon Standard Identification Number) Nomor identifikasi standar Amazon.
* [https://esbn-international.com ESBN (Educational Serial Book Number])
* [[ESBN]] (Electronic Standard Book Number, lihat http://esbn.org) Nomor standar buku elektronik.
* [[ISMN]] (International Standard Music Number) Nomor standar internasional untuk musik.
* [[ISAN]] (International Standard Audiovisual Number) Nomor standar internasional untuk audiovisual.
* [[ISSN]] (International Standard Serial Number) Nomor standar serial internasional.
* [[ISWC]] (International Standard Work Code, lihat http://iswc.org) Kode standar internasional untuk pekerjaan.
* [[Library of Congress Control Number]] Nomor kontrol buku perpustakaan Library of Congress, [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika serikat]].
 
* [http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=36563&ICS1=1&ICS2=140&ICS3=20 ISO 2108:2005] pada [http://www.iso.org www.iso.org]
* [http://www.cwi.nl/~dik/english/codes/isbn.html Kesimpulan singkat mengenai ISBN]
* [http://wikibooks.org/wiki/How_to_find_a_book Bagaimana menemukan sebuah buku] dari Wikibooks
* [http://penerbitanbuku.wordpress.com/2008/05/13/cara-mendapatkan-isbn-untuk-buku Cara Mendapatkan ISBN Buku]
* [http://www.isbn.org/standards/home/isbn/transition.asp ISBN ke transisi EAN pada isbn.org]
* [http://www.bookweb.org/education/6865.html Deskripsi ISBN ke proses upgrade EAN] pada bookweb.org
* [http://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Wikipedia:ISBN Wikipedia:ISBN], penggunaan ISBN pada [[Wikipedia]]
 
;Lembaga Nasional dan Internasional
* [http://issn.pdii.lipi.go.id ISSN Online]
* [http://www.isbn-international.org International <nowiki>ISBN Agency</nowiki>] - mengkoordinasi dan mengawasi penggunaan sistem ISBN di seluruh dunia.
* [http://www.thorpe.com.au/isbn/ <nowiki>ISBN Agency</nowiki> Australia ] - Thorpe-Bowker, sebuah divisi dari R R Bowker LLC
* [http://www.nbdrs.com/isbn_agency.htm ISBN agency for UK and Republic of Ireland] - Nielsen BookData
* [http://www.isbn.org/ ISBN agency for US and Puerto Rico] - R.R. Bowker LLC
* [http://www.isbn-international.org/en/identifiers/allidentifiers.html Numerical List of Group Identifiers] Daftar prefiks bahasa/wilayah
 
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