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{{Monako infobox}}
{{under construction |placedby= |section= |notready= |comment= |category= |altimage= }}
{{pp-move-indef|small=yes}}{{pp-vandalism|expiry=21 May 2013|small=yes}}
{{about|negara kota}}
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name =
{{collapsible list
|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;font-size:90%;
|title = Kepangeranan Monako
|liststyle = text-align:center;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;
|1 = {{native name|en|Principality of Monaco}} {{small|{{nobold|([[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]])}}}}
|2 = {{native name|fr|Principauté de Monaco}} {{small|{{nobold|([[Bahasa Perancis|Perancis]])}}}}
|3 = ''Principatu de Múnegu''{{nbsp|2}}{{small|{{nobold|([[Dialek Monégasque|Monégasque]])}}}}
|4 = {{native name|it|Principato di Monaco}} {{small|{{nobold|([[Bahasa Italia|Italia]])}}}}
|5 = {{native name|oc|Principat de Mónegue}} {{small|{{nobold|([[Bahasa Oksitan|Oksitan]])}}}}
}}
|common_name = Monako
|image_flag = Flag of Monaco.svg
|image_coat = Coat of Arms of Monaco.svg
|image_map = Location Monaco Europe.png
|map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=Hijau |region=Eropa |region_color= Abu-abu gelap |legend=Location Monaco Europe.png}}
|image_map2 = |map2_width = |map2_caption =
|national_motto = "Deo Juvante"<br/>{{small|"Dengan Bantuan Tuhan"}}
|national_anthem = ''[[Hymne Monégasque]]''<br/><small>Inggris: Monégasque Anthem''</small><br/><center>[[File:Monaco National Anthem.ogg]]</center>
|capital = Monaco{{ref label|engoffbox|a|}}
|largest_settlement_type = ''Quartier''
|largest_settlement = [[Monte Carlo]]
|latd =43 |latm=43 |latNS=N |longd=7 |longm=25 |longEW=E
|official_languages = [[Bahasa Perancis|Perancis]]<ref>{{cite web |accessdate=22 May
2008 |url=http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/036c62fe5f92f2efc1256f5b0054fa42gb?OpenDocument&3Gb |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110722170607/http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/036c62fe5f92f2efc1256f5b0054fa42gb?OpenDocument&3Gb |archivedate=22 July 2011 |title=Constitution de la Principauté |publisher=[[Dewan Pemerintahan (Monako)|Dewan Pemerintahan]]}}</ref>
|languages_type = [[Bahasa]]
|languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Dialek Monégasque|Monégasque]] |[[Bahasa Italia|Italia]] |[[Bahasa Oksitan|Oksitan]] |[[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]]}}
|ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |[[Orang Perancis|Perancis]] |[[Orang Monégasque|Monegasque]] |[[Orang Italia|Italia]] |[[Orang Inggris|Inggris]]}}
|demonym = {{unbulleted list |Monegasque |Monacans{{ref label|engoffbox|c|}}}}
|government_type = [[Negara kesatuan|Kesatuan]] [[Monarki konstitusional|konstitutional]] [[kepangeranan]]
|leader_title1 = [[Pangeran Monako|Pangeran]]
|leader_name1 = [[Albert II, Pangeran Monako|Albert II]]
|leader_title2 = [[Daftar Menteri Negara Monako|Menteri Negara]]
|leader_name2 = [[Michel Roger]]
|leader_title3 = [[Dewan Nasional (Monako)#Presiden Dewan Nasional|Presiden Dewan Nasional]]
|leader_name3 = [[Jean-François Robillon]]
|legislature = [[Dewan Nasional (Monako)|Dewan Nasional]]
|area_km2 = 2,02
|area_sq_mi = 0,78 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|area_rank = ke-248
|area_magnitude = 1 G6
|percent_water = dapat diabaikan<ref name="monacodata">[http://web.archive.org/web/20091115210931/http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/e89a6190e96cbd1fc1256f7f005dbe6e/e1201ddb4e532285c125702a004775bc/$FILE/Pocket%202009.pdf Monaco en Chiffres], Principauté de Monaco. Retrieved 7 June 2010.</ref>
|population_estimate = 36,371<ref name="imsee.mc">{{cite web |url=http://www.imsee.mc/Population-et-emploi |title=Population et emploi / IMSEE&nbsp;— Monaco IMSEE |language={{fr icon}} |publisher=Imsee.mc |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref>
|population_estimate_year = 2011
|population_estimate_rank = ke-217
|population_density_km2 = 15.142
|population_density_sq_mi = 39.217 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank = ke-1 <!--Note: Macau is more dense, but is a dependency, not a country-->
|population_census = 35.352<ref name="monacodata"/>
|population_census_year = 2008
|GDP_PPP = $4.694&nbsp;billion<ref name="unsd"/><ref name="wdi">{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog |title=World Development Indicators |publisher=[[World Bank]] |accessdate=8 October 2012}} Note: "PPP conversion factor, GDP (LCU per international $)" for France (0.8724) was used.</ref>
|GDP_PPP_year = 2010{{ref label|engoffbox|b|}}
|GDP_PPP_rank = ke-156
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $132.571<ref name="unsd"/><ref name="wdi"/>
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ke-1
|GDP_nominal = $5.424&nbsp;billion<ref name="unsd">{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/selCountry.asp |title=National Accounts Main Aggregates Database |publisher=[[United Nations Statistics Division]] |accessdate=8 October 2012}}</ref>
|GDP_nominal_year = 2010{{ref label|engoffbox|b|}}
|GDP_nominal_rank = ke-148
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $153.177<ref name="unsd"/>
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ke-1
|Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank =
|HDI_year = 1997
|HDI_change = steady <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
|HDI = 0,946 <!--number only-->
|HDI_ref =
|HDI_rank = ke-1
|sovereignty_type = [[Kemerdekaan]]
|established_event1 = [[Rumah Grimaldi]]
|established_date1 = 1297
|established_event2 = [[Perjanjian Franco-Monegasque]]
|established_date2 = 1861
|established_event3 = [[Konstitusi Monako|Konstitusi]]
|established_date3 = 1911
|established_event4 = [[Perjanjian Franco-Monegasque]]
|established_date4 = 2002
|currency = Euro ([[Simbol Euro|€]])
|currency_code = EUR
|time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset = +1
|time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +2
|cctld = [[.mc]]
|calling_code = [[Nomor telepon di Monako|+377]]
||drives_on = [[kanan]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whatsideoftheroad.com/ |title=What side of the road do people drive on? |publisher=Whatsideoftheroad.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
|footnote_a = {{note|engoffbox}} Monako adalah sebuah [[negara-kota]].
|footnote_b = {{note|engfactobox}} Perhitungan PDB per kapita termasuk pekerja non-penduduk dari Perancis dan Italia.
|footnote_c = {{note|engfactobox}} Warga naturalisasi Monako disebut Monacans, sedangkan Monegasque merupakan istilah yang tepat untuk menggambarkan seseorang yang lahir di Monako.
}}
 
'''Monako''' {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Monaco.ogg|ˈ|m|ɒ|n|ə|k|oʊ}}, secara resmi '''Kepangeranan Monako''' ({{lang-fr|Principauté de Monaco}} ({{IPA-fr|prɛ̃.si.po.te.d(ə).mɔ.na'ko}}) ;, [[Dialek MonégasqueMonako|Monégasque]]: ''PrincipatuPrinçipatu de MúneguMu̍negu'';, {{lang-lij|Prinçipato de Mónego}}, {{lang-it| Principato di Monaco}};, {{lang-oc|Principat de Mónegue}}), adalah sebuah [[negara kota]] berdaulat, yang terletak di [[Côte d'Azur]] di [[Eropa Barat]]. Berbatasan dengan [[PerancisPrancis]] di tiga sisi, dan satu sisi berbatasan dengan [[Laut Tengah]], pusatnya adalah sekitar {{convert|16|km|abbr=on}} dari [[Italia]], dan hanya {{convert|13|km|abbr=on}} dari timur laut [[Nice|Nice, PerancisPrancis]].<ref name="Geography.howstuffworks.com">{{cite web |url=http://geography.howstuffworks.com/europe/geography-of-monaco.htm |title=HowStuffWorks "Geography of Monaco" |publisher=Geography.howstuffworks.com |date=30 March 2008 |accessdate=22 March 2012 |archive-date=2013-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902122916/http://geography.howstuffworks.com/europe/geography-of-monaco.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Monako mempunyai luas wilayah {{convert|2.,02|&nbsp;km²|abbr=on}},<ref name="Recensement"/> dan populasi sebesar 36,37137.550 (2016),<ref name="imseemonacostatistics.mc">[http://www.monacostatistics.mc/IMSEE/Publications/monaco-statistics-pocket Monaco Statistical Data of 2017].</ref> danhal ini membuat Monako menjadi [[Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah|negara kedua terkecil]], dan [[Daftar negara menurut kepadatan penduduk|paling padat penduduk di dunia]]<!--Catatan: Makau lebih padat, tetapi adalah depedensi, bukan negara-->.<ref name="cia"/> Monako mempunyai perbatasan darat hanya {{convert|4.,4|km|mi|abbr=on}}, dan garis pantai {{convert|4.,1|km|mi|abbr=on}}, dan lebar yang bervariasi antara {{convert|1.,7|km|mi|abbr=on}}, dan 349 meter (382 yard).<ref name="about">{{cite web |url=http://geography.about.com/library/cia/blcmonaco.htm |title=Geography and Map of Monaco |publisher=Geography.about.com |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012 |archive-date=2013-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511061000/http://geography.about.com/library/cia/blcmonaco.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="visitmonaco">{{cite web|url=http://visitmonaco.com/us/About-Monaco/Geography/Monaco%27s-Areas |title=Monaco - Monaco's Areas / Geography / About Monaco / Monaco Official Site |publisher=Visitmonaco.com |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref> Titik tertinggi dari negara ini adalah jalur sempit yang bernama [[Chemin des Révoires]] di lereng gunung [[Mont Agel]], di distrik [[Les Révoires]], yang tingginya 161 meter (528&nbsp;feet) [[di bawahatas permukaan laut]].<ref name="archeoalpimaritimi">{{cite web |url=http://www.archeo-alpi-maritimi.com/cheminsanciensturbie.php |title=cheminsanciensturbie |publisher=Archeo-alpi-maritimi.com |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> ''Quartier'' terpadat di Monako adalah [[Monte Carlo]], dan ''Ward'' terpadat adalah [[Larvotto|Larvotto/Bas Moulins]].<ref name="Recensement">{{cite web |url=http://cloud.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/e89a6190e96cbd1fc1256f7f005dbe6e/64a1643c86f9f661c12575ae004cc473/$FILE/ATTW9ZI8/Recensement2008_p8-9.pdf |title=Plan GeneralGénéral Dede Lala PrincipautePrincipauté Dede Monaco |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012 |archive-date=2012-05-28 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67zk5DtcP?url=http://cloud.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/e89a6190e96cbd1fc1256f7f005dbe6e/64a1643c86f9f661c12575ae004cc473/$FILE/ATTW9ZI8/Recensement2008_p8-9.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Monaco terkenal dengan [[reklamasi tanah|reklamasi tanahnya]]nya, yang telah meningkat ukurannya [[Reklamasi tanah di Monako|sekitar 20%]]. Proyek reklamasi tanah yang sekarang meliputi, memperluas distrik [[Fontvieille, Monako|Fontvieille]] sekitar {{convert|0.08|km²|abbr=on}} atau 8 ha (19.8 akre).<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news|last=Samuel |first=Henry |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/monaco/6894991/Monaco-to-build-into-the-sea-to-create-more-space.html |title=Monaco to build into the sea to create more space |publisher=Telegraph |date=28 December 2009 |accessdate=22 March 2012 |location=London}}</ref><ref name="OpenDoc">{{cite web| |author=Robert BOUHNIK |url=http://cloud.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/3952ae296ac3807cc1256f73002bd426gb?OpenDocument&6Gb&Count=10000 |title=Home > Files and Reports > Public works(Gb) |publisher=Cloud.gouv.mc |date=19 October 2010 |accessdate=22 March 2012 |archive-date=2012-12-20 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121220003236/http://cloud.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/3952ae296ac3807cc1256f73002bd426gb?OpenDocument&6Gb&Count=10000 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://royalopinions.proboards.com/index.cgi?action=display&board=currentmonaco&thread=192&page=5 |title=Royal Opinions - Social, Political, & Economical Affairs of Monaco |publisher=Royalopinions.proboards.com |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012 |archive-date=2012-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127134633/http://royalopinions.proboards.com/index.cgi?action=display&board=currentmonaco&thread=192&page=5 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="Extension">{{cite web| |author=Robert BOUHNIK |url=http://cloud.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/1ddf179c1910b5fbc1256fc60036dcc6gb?OpenDocument&Count=10000&InfoChap=%20Files%20and%20Reports&InfoSujet=2002%20Archives%20-%20Extension%20of%20%22La%20Condamine%20Port%22&6Gb |title=Home > Files and Reports > Public works > 2002 Archives&nbsp;— Extension of "La Condamine Port"(Gb) |publisher=Cloud.gouv.mc |date=19 October 2010 |accessdate=22 March 2012 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.econostrum.info/Monaco-remet-sur-le-tapis-le-projet-d-extension-en-mer_a9166.html |title=Monaco remet sur le tapis le projet d’extension en mer |publisher=Econostrum.info |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref>
 
Monako adalah sebuah [[kepangeranan]] yang diatur dalam [[monarki konstitusional]], dengan [[Albert II, Pangeran Monako|Pangeran Albert II]] sebagai [[kepala negara]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3397.htm |title=Monaco |publisher=State.gov |date=16 November 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Meskipun Pangeran Albert II adalah raja konstitutional, ia masih punya [[kekuatan politik]] yang sangat besar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nice-city-vacation.com/monaco-politics.html |title=Monaco Politics - the unusual political system of Monaco |publisher=Nice-city-vacation.com |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012 |archive-date=2013-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224032948/http://www.nice-city-vacation.com/monaco-politics.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[Rumah Grimaldi]] telah memerintah Monako, dengan interupsi singkat, sejak 1297.<ref>Faktanya [[François Grimaldi|Francesco Grimaldi]], yang menangkap [[Monaco-Ville|the Rock]] pada malam 8 Januari 1297, terpaksa melarikan diri Monako hanya empat tahun setelah serangan yang dibuat-buat, tidak pernah kembali. Grimaldi tidak dapat secara permanen mengamankan pegangan mereka sampai 1419 ketika mereka membeli Monako, bersama dengan dua desa tetangganya, [[Menton]] dan [[Roquebrune-Cap-Martin|Roquebrune]]. Source: {{cite book|last=Edwards|first=Anne|authorlinkyear=Anne Edwards1992|title=The Grimaldis of Monaco: The Centuries of Scandal - The Years of Grace|yearlocation=1992|publisher=[[William Morrow and Company|William Morrow]]|location=|isbn=978-0-688-08837-8|authorlink=Anne Edwards}}</ref> Bahasa resminya adalah [[Bahasa PerancisPrancis|PerancisPrancis]], tetapi [[Dialek Monégasque|Monégasque]], [[Bahasa Italia|Italia]], dan [[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]] banyak dituturkan dan dimengerti secara luas.<ref group="note">Informasi lebih lanjut lihat [[Bahasa di Monako]].</ref> Kedaulatan negara secara resmi diakui dalam [[Perjanjian Franco-Monegasque|Perjanjian Franco-Monegasque (1861)]], dengan Monako menjadi anggota voting penuh [[PBB]] pada tahun 1993, setelah banyak perdebatan politik.<ref name="cia">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012 |archive-date=2010-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711144147/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Meskipun kemerdekaan Monaco dan kebijakan luar negeri yang terpisah, pertahanan adalah tanggung jawab Perancis[[Prancis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/monaco/monaco_military.html |title=Monaco Military 2012, CIA World Factbook |publisher=Theodora.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Meskipun demikian, Monako tetap mempertahakan dua [[Militer Monako|unit militer]], berjumlah 263 orang, ''[[Corps des Sapeurs-Pompiers]]'', dan ''[[Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&prev=/search%3Fq%3DCorps%2Bdes%2BSapeurs-Pompiers%2Bde%2BMonaco%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D704%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&twu=1&u=http://www.pompiers.gouv.mc/321/wwwnew.nsf/1909!/x1Fr%3FOpenDocument%261Fr&usg=ALkJrhiSwXsfeQd4XJtu3ZRxoWKYc7FKdg |title=Google Translate |publisher=Translate.googleusercontent.com |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gouv.mc/Gouvernement-et-Institutions/Le-Gouvernement/Departement-de-l-Interieur/Compagnie-des-Carabiniers-du-Prince |title=Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince / Département de l'Intérieur / Le Gouvernement / Gouvernement et Institutions / Portail du Gouvernement - Monaco |language={{fr icon}} |publisher=Gouv.mc |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref>
 
Pembangunan ekonomi Monako didorong pada akhir abad ke-19 dengan [[Transportasi rel|kereta api]] menuju Perancis[[Prancis]], dan pembukaan kasino pertama, [[Kasino Monte Carlo|Monte Carlo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.qfinance.com/country-profiles/monaco |title=Monaco - Economy and Trade of Monaco |publisher=Qfinance |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012 |archive-date=2013-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508052612/http://www.qfinance.com/country-profiles/monaco |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sejak itu, iklim yang nyaman, pemandangan yang indah, dan fasilitas perjudian telah membuat Monako terkenal di dunia sebagai [[Tujuan wisata|wisata]], dan [[Rekreasi|pusat rekreasi]] untuk orang kaya dan terkenal.<ref name="visitmonaco"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://globaledge.msu.edu/Countries/Monaco/economy |title=Monaco: Economy >> globalEDGE: Your source for Global Business Knowledge |publisher=Globaledge.msu.edu |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Namun, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir Monako telah menjadi [[pusat perbankan]] utama yang memegang lebih dari dana senilai [[Euro|€]]100 miliar,<ref>{{cite web| |author=Robert BOUHNIK |url=http://cloud.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/607f54a31a14184fc1256a130075eb71gb?OpenDocument&6Gb |title=Home > Files and Reports > Economy(Gb) |publisher=Cloud.gouv.mc |date=19 December 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2012 |archive-date=2012-07-11 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711135421/http://cloud.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/607f54a31a14184fc1256a130075eb71gb?OpenDocument&6Gb |dead-url=yes }}</ref> dan telah berhasil berupaya untuk mendiversifikasi ekonominya ke [[Sektor jasa|Layanan]] dan kecil, [[produk bernilai tinggi|nilai tambah tinggi]], dan [[industri non-polusi]].<ref name="theodora">{{cite web |url=http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/monaco/monaco_economy.html |title=Monaco Economy 2012, CIA World Factbook |publisher=Theodora.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The state has no [[income tax]], [[Tax rates around the world|low business taxes]], and is well known for being a [[tax haven]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lowtax.net/lowtax/html/jmccfir.html |title=Monaco Country and Foreign Investment Regime |publisher=Lowtax.net |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Monako menjadi [[Daftar negara menurut PDB (nominal) per kapita|GDP nominal per kapita]] tertinggi di dunia, [[$]] 153.177,<ref name="unsd"/> [[Daftar negara menurut GDP (PPP) per kapita|GDP PPP per kapita]] at [[$US|$]]132.571,<ref name="unsd"/> and [[List of countries by GNI (nominal, Atlas method) per capita|GNI per capita]] at [[$US|$]]183,150.<ref>http://databank.worldbank.org/databank/download/GNIPC.pdf</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://monacodc.org/economy.html |title=Business And Economy |publisher=Monacodc.org |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| author=Om |url=http://mostwonderfulworld.blogspot.com/2011/02/top-ten-richest-countrfy-in-world-by-gdp.html |title=Most Wonderful World: Top Ten Richest Country in the World by GDP |publisher=Mostwonderfulworld.blogspot.com |date=9 February 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}{{dead link|date=May 2012}}</ref> Monaco also has the world's highest [[List of countries by life expectancy|life expectancy]] at nearly 90 years,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.html |title=CIA World Factbook, Monaco |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> and the lowest [[List of countries by unemployment rate|unemployment rate]] at 0%,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2129.html |title=Central Intelligence Agency |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> with over 48,000 workers who commute from France and Italy each day.<ref name="Recensement"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unroleapartdanslemonde.mc/#/emplois/ |title=Monaco : un rôle à part dans le monde / Monaco à l'International / Action Gouvernementale / Portail du Gouvernement - Monaco |language={{fr icon}} |publisher=Unroleapartdanslemonde.mc |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref> For the fourth year in a row, Monaco in 2012 had the world's most expensive real estate market, at [[$US|$]]58,300 per square metre.<ref>{{cite web| author=Katya Wachtel |url=https://www.privatebank.citibank.com/pdf/wealthReport2012_lowRes.pdf |title=The Wealth Report 2012|publisher=Citi Private Bank |date=March 28, 2012 |accessdate=6 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| author=Robert Frank |url=http://blogs.wsj.com/wealth/2012/03/28/the-most-expensive-real-estate-in-the-world/ |title=The Most Expensive Real-Estate in the World |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |date=March 28, 2012 |accessdate=6 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| author=Julie Zeveloff |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/most-expensive-real-estate-markets-2013-3|title=
Here Are The World's Most Expensive Real Estate Markets|publisher=Business Insider|date=March 7, 2013|accessdate=March 7, 2013}}</ref> According to the [[CIA World Factbook]], Monaco has the world's [[List of countries by poverty|lowest poverty rate]],<ref name="theodora"/> and the highest number of millionaires and billionaires per capita in the world.<ref>{{cite news|last=Alleyne |first=Richard |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1565068/Prince-Albert-We-want-more-for-Monaco.html |title=Prince Albert: We want more for Monaco |publisher=Telegraph |date=4 October 2007 |accessdate=22 March 2012 |location=London}}</ref><ref name="dailymail1">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1132957/Piers-Morgans-Monte-The-tax-haven-jewels-real-orgasms-fake.html |title=Piers Morgan's full Monte! The tax haven where the jewels are real and the orgasms are fake &#124; Mail Online |publisher=Dailymail.co.uk |date=31 January 2009 |accessdate=28 May 2012 |location=London}}</ref>
 
== Sejarah ==
{{Utama|Sejarah Monako}}
[[File:Monaco Palais 1.jpg|thumb|left|[[Istana Pangeran Monako|Istana Pangeran]] di [[Monaco-Ville]].]]
[[File:Monaco Cathe.JPG|thumb|left|[[Katedral Santo Nicholas, Monako|Katedral Santo Nicholas]] di [[Monaco-Ville]].]]
[[File:Monaco Place d Armes.jpg|thumb|''Place d'Armes'' di [[La Condamine]].]]
[[File:Monaco-FrancoisGrimaldi.jpg|220px|thumb|upright|Patung [[François Grimaldi]], "''il Malizia''" ("yang licik"), menyamar sebagai pendeta dengan belati tersembunyi di bawah jubahnya]]
Nama Monako datang dari sekitar abad ke-6 SM koloni [[Yunani Kuno|Yunani]] [[Phokaia]]. Mengacu dari bahasa Liguria ''Monoikos'', dari bahasa [[Bahasa Yunani|Yunani]] "μόνοικος", "satu rumah", dari "μόνος" (''monos'') "sendiri" <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20110629164313/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmo%2Fnos μόνος], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> + "οἶκος" (''oikos'') "rumah",<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20110629164225/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Doi%29%3Dkos1 οἶκος], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> yang menanggung rasa orang-orang baik menetap di "satu tempat tinggal" atau "hidup terpisah" dari orang lain. Menurut mitos kuno, [[Hercules]] melewati daerah Monako dan mengusir para dewa sebelumnya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco-montecarlo.com/index-history_monaco-en.html |title=History of Monaco |publisher=Monaco-montecarlo.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Hasilnya, sebuah kuil dibangun di sana, kuil Herkules Monoikos. Karena satu-satunya candi di daerah ini adalah "Rumah" Hercules, kota ini disebut Monoikos.<ref>''Strabo, Geography, Gaul, 4.6.3'' [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/4F*.html at LacusCurtious]</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20110629164248/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmo%2Fnoikos μόνοικος],
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref>
 
[[Berkas:Monaco Palais 1.jpg|jmpl|kiri|[[Istana Pangeran Monako|Istana Pangeran]] di [[Monaco-Ville]].]]
Setelah penghibahan tanah dari Kaisar [[Henry VI, Kaisar Romawi Suci|Henry VI]] pada 1191, Monako didirikan kembali pada tahun 1215 sebagai koloni [[Republik Genoa|Genoa]].<ref name="state1">{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3397.htm |title=Monaco |publisher=State.gov |date=16 November 2011 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monacolife.net/?content=articles&action=show&id=28 |title=Monaco Life |publisher=Monaco Life |date=26 July 2011 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Monaco pertama kali diperintah oleh [[Rumah Grimaldi]] pada tahun 1297, ketika [[François Grimaldi|Francesco Grimaldi]], yang dikenal sebagai "''Il Malizia''" (diterjemahkan dari bahasa Italia baik sebagai "si berbahaya" atau "si licik"), dan anak buahnya menangkap benteng melindungi [[Batu Monako]] dan berpakaian sebagai [[biarawan]] [[Fransiskan]]- sebuah '' Monako'' dalam bahasa Italia, meskipun ini adalah kebetulan karena daerah tersebut sudah dikenal dengan nama ini.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitmonaco.com/us/About-Monaco/History |title=Monaco history |publisher=Visitmonaco.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Francesco, however, was evicted only a few years afterwards by the Genovese forces, and the struggle over "the Rock" continued for another century.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofnations.net/europe/monaco.html |title=History of Monaco |publisher=Historyofnations.net |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://fr.montecarlosbm.com/sejour-luxe-monaco/monte-carlo/histoire/ |title=Histoire de Monaco, famille Grimaldi &#124; Monte-Carlo SBM |publisher=Fr.montecarlosbm.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
[[Berkas:Monaco Cathe.JPG|jmpl|kiri|[[Katedral Santo Nicholas, Monako|Katedral Santo Nicholas]] di [[Monaco-Ville]].]]
[[Berkas:Monaco Place d Armes.jpg|jmpl|''Place d'Armes'' di [[La Condamine]].]]
 
Nama Monako datang dari sekitar abad ke-6 SM koloni [[Yunani Kuno|Yunani]] [[Phokaia]]. Mengacu dari bahasa Liguria ''Monoikos'', dari bahasa [[Bahasa Yunani|Yunani]] "μόνοικος", "satu rumah", dari "μόνος" (''monos'') "sendiri" <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164313/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmo%2Fnos μόνος], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> + "οἶκος" (''oikos'') "rumah",<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164225/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Doi%29%3Dkos1 οἶκος], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> yang menanggung rasa orang-orang baik menetap di "satu tempat tinggal" atau "hidup terpisah" dari orang lain. Menurut mitos kuno, [[Hercules]] melewati daerah Monako dan mengusir para dewa sebelumnya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco-montecarlo.com/index-history_monaco-en.html |title=History of Monaco |publisher=Monaco-montecarlo.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Hasilnya, sebuah kuil dibangun di sana, kuil Herkules Monoikos. Karena satu-satunya candi di daerah ini adalah "Rumah" Hercules, kota ini disebut Monoikos.<ref>''Strabo, Geography, Gaul, 4.6.3'' [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/4F*.html at LacusCurtious]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164248/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmo%2Fnoikos μόνοικος],
Pada 1419, Grimaldi membeli Monako dari mahkota Aragon dan menjadi penguasa resmi dan tak terbantahkan dari "Batu Monako", dan pada tahun 1612 Honore II mulai menggelari dirinya sebagai "Pangeran" dari Monako.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://monaco.me/ |title=Monaco - The Principality of Monaco |publisher=Monaco.me |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> In the 1630s, Honore II sought French protection against the Spanish forces and was eventually, in 1642, received at the court of Louis XIII as "Duc et Pair Etranger".<ref name="monacoangebote.de">{{cite web |url=http://www.monacoangebote.de/index.php?q=en/history |title=The History Of Monaco &#124; Monaco |publisher=Monacoangebote.de |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The princes of Monaco thus became vassals of the French kings while at the same time remaining sovereign princes.<ref>with the title Duc de Valentinois and other lesser French titles, most of which the House of Grimaldi still lays claim to,</ref> As successive princes and their families spent most of their lives in Paris, and through marriages with French nobilities, the House of Grimaldi, though Italian in origin, became thoroughly French in character.<ref name="monaco.alloexpat.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco.alloexpat.com/monaco_information/history_of_monaco.php |title=Monaco History, History of Monaco - Allo' Expat Monaco |publisher=Monaco.alloexpat.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The principality continued its existence as a protectorate of France until the [[French Revolution]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www3.monaco.mc/monaco/info/history1.html |title=Monaco: History |publisher=.monaco.mc |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref>
 
Setelah penghibahan tanah dari Kaisar [[Henry VI, Kaisar Romawi Suci|Henry VI]] pada 1191, Monako didirikan kembali pada tahun 1215 sebagai koloni [[Republik Genoa|Genoa]].<ref name="state1">{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3397.htm |title=Monaco |publisher=State.gov |date=16 November 2011 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monacolife.net/?content=articles&action=show&id=28 |title=Monaco Life |publisher=Monaco Life |date=26 July 2011 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Monaco pertama kali diperintah oleh [[Rumah Grimaldi]] pada tahun 1297, ketika [[François Grimaldi|Francesco Grimaldi]], yang dikenal sebagai "''Il Malizia''" (diterjemahkan dari bahasa Italia baik sebagai "si berbahaya" atau "si licik"), dan anak buahnya menangkap benteng melindungi [[Batu Monako]] dan berpakaian sebagai [[biarawan]] [[Fransiskan]]- sebuah '' Monako'' dalam bahasa Italia, meskipun ini adalah kebetulan karena daerah tersebut sudah dikenal dengan nama ini.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitmonaco.com/us/About-Monaco/History |title=Monaco history |publisher=Visitmonaco.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
Pada 1793, Revolutionary forces captured Monaco and it remained under direct French control until 1814, when the Grimaldis returned to the throne.<ref name="monacoangebote.de"/> The principality was reestablished that year, only to be designated a protectorate of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia]] by the [[Congress of Vienna]] in 1815.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monte-carlo.mc/en/general/important-dates/ |title=Important dates - Monaco Monte-Carlo |publisher=Monte-carlo.mc |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Monaco remained in this position until 1860 when, by the [[Treaty of Turin]], the Sardinian forces pulled out of the principality and the surrounding county of [[Nice]] (as well as [[Savoy]]) was ceded to France.<ref name="infoplease1">{{cite web |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0859729.html |title=24 X 7 |publisher=Infoplease.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Monaco became a French protectorate once again. Prior to this time there was unrest in [[Menton]] and [[Roquebrune-Cap-Martin|Roquebrune]] where the townspeople had become weary of heavy taxation by the Grimaldis. They declared their independence, hoping for annexation by Sardinia, France protested. The unrest continued until [[Charles III of Monaco|Charles III]] gave up his claim to the two mainland towns, (some 95% of the principality at the time) which had been ruled by the Grimaldis for over 500 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.accesspropertiesmonaco.com/en/histoire |title=History of the Principality of Monaco - Access Properties Monaco - Real-estate Agency Monaco |publisher=Access Properties Monaco |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> These were ceded to France in return for 4,100,000 francs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://monacodc.org/monhistory.html |title=History of Monaco |publisher=Monacodc.org |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The transfer and Monaco's sovereignty was recognized by the [[Franco-Monegasque Treaty|Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861]]. In 1869, the principality stopped collecting income tax from its residents—an indulgence the Grimaldis could afford to entertain thanks solely to the extraordinary success of the casino.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco-mairie.mc/principaute-monaco-monte-carlo/ |title=Histoire de la Principauté - Monaco - Mairie de Monaco - Ma ville au quotidien - Site officiel de la Mairie de Monaco |publisher=Monaco-mairie.mc |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> This made Monaco not only a playground for the rich, but a favoured place for them to live.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/europe/monaco.htm |title=MONACO |publisher=Tlfq.ulaval.ca |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
=== Abad ke-20 ===
[[File:The Prince of Monaco in 2013.jpg|220px|thumb|upright|[[Albert II, Pangeran Monako]].]]
 
Hingga [[Revolusi Monegasque]] of 1910 forced the adoption of the 1911 constitution, the [[List of rulers of Monaco|princes of Monaco]] were [[Absolute monarchy|absolute rulers]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/2530539.stm |title=Monaco timeline |publisher=BBC News |date=28 March 2012 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The new constitution, however, barely reduced the autocratic rule of the Grimaldis and in any case Albert I soon suspended it.
 
During [[World War]] Monaco was officially neutral. Despite this by declaration, hospitals and convalescent home were established for Allied soldiers in the principality’s hotels. French crew of Hirondelle II(prince yacht) had to respond to the mobilization order, ship at sea was set on a direct course to Monaco. Prince Louis returned to active duty in the French Army as Captain of Cavalry in the 5th Army(under General Franchet d’Esperey). Prince Albert in August 1914 suspended the constitution to allow rule by decree. On 17 November 1917, under pressure from French press and more confidency of Allied victory constitution was reinstituted. In fact there was no directly known war operations in Monaco, with the notable events like The Monte Carlo Opera presenting the premier performance of Giacomo Puccini’s romantic opera La Rondine.<ref>http://www.schudak.de/timelines/monaco1856-1949.html</ref>
 
In July 1918, the [[Franco-Monegasque Treaty]] was signed, providing for limited French protection over Monaco. The treaty, endorsed in 1919 by the [[Treaty of Versailles]], established that Monegasque international policy would be aligned with French political, military, and economic interests, and resolved the [[Monaco Succession Crisis of 1918|Monaco Succession Crisis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/Monaco-POLITICS-GOVERNMENT-AND-TAXATION.html |title=Monaco Politics, government, and taxation, Information about Politics, government, and taxation in Monaco |publisher=Nationsencyclopedia.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
In 1943, the Italian army invaded and occupied Monaco, setting up a Fascist administration.<ref name="monaco.alloexpat.com"/> Shortly thereafter, following the collapse of Mussolini, the German [[Wehrmacht]] occupied Monaco and the [[Nazism|Nazi]] deportation of the Jewish population began. [[René Blum (ballet)|René Blum]] (Paris, 13 March 1878&nbsp;– [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]], 30 April 1943), the prominent French Jew who founded the Ballet de l'Opera in Monte Carlo, was arrested in his [[Paris]] home and held in the [[Drancy internment camp|Drancy]] deportation camp outside Paris, thence he was then transported to the [[Auschwitz concentration camp]], where he was later killed.<ref>Abramovici P. "[http://www.amazon.com/rocher-bien-occupé-pendant-1939-1945/dp/2020372118 Un rocher bien occupé : Monaco pendant la guerre 1939–1945]" Editions Seuil, Paris 2001, ISBN 2-02-037211-8</ref> Blum's colleague [[Raoul Gunsbourg]], the director of the [[Opéra de Monte-Carlo]], helped by the [[French Resistance]], escaped arrest and fled to [[Switzerland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tmeheust.free.fr/monacohistoire2.html |title=Monaco histoire |publisher=Tmeheust.free.fr |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
[[Rainier III, Prince of Monaco|Rainier III]], who ruled until 2005, succeeded to the throne following the death of his grandfather, Prince [[Louis II, Prince of Monaco|Louis II]], in 1949. On 19 April 1956, Prince Rainier married the American actress [[Grace Kelly]]; the event was widely televised and covered in the popular press, focusing the world's attention on the tiny principality.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/monaco.htm |title=Monaco - Principality of Monaco - Principauté de Monaco - French Riviera Travel and Tourism |publisher=Nationsonline.org |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
A 1962 amendment to the constitution abolished capital punishment, provided for [[women's suffrage]], and established a [[Supreme Court of Monaco]] to guarantee fundamental liberties. In 1993, the Principality of Monaco became a member of the [[United Nations]], with full voting rights.<ref name="infoplease1"/> In 2002, a new treaty between France and Monaco specified that, should there be no heirs to carry on the Grimaldi dynasty, the principality would still remain an independent nation rather than revert to France. Monaco's military defence, however, is still the responsibility of France.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.europe-cities.com/en/657/monaco/history/chronology/ |title=History of Monaco. Monaco chronology |publisher=Europe-cities.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
On 31 March 2005, Prince Rainier III, too ill to exercise his duties, relinquished them to his only son and heir, Prince Albert II.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yourmonaco.com/royal |title=Monaco Royal Family |publisher=Yourmonaco.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Prince Rainier died on 6 April 2005 after a reign of 56 years. His son Prince Albert II succeeded him and was thereafter titled [[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Albert II]], [[Sovereign Prince of Monaco]].<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597460/bio Prince Rainier of Monaco - Biography<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
Following a period of official mourning, Prince Albert II formally assumed the princely crown on 12 July 2005,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.palais.mc/monaco/palais-princier/english/h.s.h.-prince-albert-ii/biography/biography.391.html |title=Biography - Prince’s Palace of Monaco |publisher=Palais.mc |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> in a celebration that began with a solemn [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] at [[Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Monaco|Saint Nicholas Cathedral]], where his father had been buried three months earlier. His accession to the Monegasque throne was a two-step event, with a further ceremony, drawing heads of state for an elaborate ''Levée'', held on 18 November 2005, at the historic [[Prince's Palace of Monaco|Prince's Palace]] in [[Monaco-Ville]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.montecarlosbm.com/luxury-trip-monaco/visit-monaco/monaco-history/ |title=History of Monaco, Grimaldi family |publisher=Monte-Carlo SBM |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
== Pemerintahan ==
{{Main|Politik Monako}}
Monako telah diatur di bawah [[monarki konstitusional]] sejak tahun 1911, dengan [[Pangeran Monako]] sebagai [[kepala negara]]. [[Eksekutif|Badan eksekutif]] terdiri dari [[Menteri Negara (Monako)|Menteri Negara]] sebagai [[kepala pemerintahan]], yang memimpin lima anggota [[dewan pemerintahan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco-iq.com/politics |title=Politics |publisher=Monaco-IQ |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Hingga 2002, menteri negara adalah warga negara Perancis yang ditunjuk oleh pangeran dari calon yang diajukan oleh pemerintah Perancis, sejak amandemen konstitusi tahun 2002, menteri negara dapat berupa orang Perancis ataupun Monegasque<ref name="state1"/> Namun, pada tanggal 3 Maret 2010, Pangeran Albert II mengangkat seorang Perancis bernama [[Michel Roger]] sebagai menteri negara.<ref name="monaco-consulate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco-consulate.com/index.php/about/history/ |title=History « Consulate General of Monaco |publisher=Monaco-consulate.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
Berdasarkan konstitusi 1962, pangeran berbagi [[hak veto]]nya dengan [[Dewan Nasional Monako|Dewan Nasional]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://globaledge.msu.edu/Countries/Monaco/government |title=Monaco: Government >> globalEDGE: Your source for Global Business Knowledge |publisher=Globaledge.msu.edu |date=4 October 2004 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> 24 anggota dewan nasional dipilih untuk masa jabatan lima tahun; 16 yang dipilih melalui sistem pemilihan mayoritas dan 8 oleh perwakilan proporsional.<ref name="freedomhouse1">{{cite web |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2011/monaco |title=Monaco |publisher=Freedom House |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Semua undang-undang memerlukan persetujuan dari dewan nasional, yang saat ini didominasi oleh [[Uni untuk Monako|Uni Monako]] (UPM), yang berpusat-kanan yang memegang dua puluh satu kursi.<ref name="freedomhouse1"/> Satu-satunya partai lain yang diwakili di dewan nasional adalah [[Uni Nasional dan Demokratik |Reli dan Isu untuk Monako]] (REM), yang bersayap-kanan yang memegang hanya tiga kursi.<ref name="freedomhouse1"/> Urusan kota Monako diarahkan oleh [[Komunal Dewan Monako|Dewan Komunal]],<ref name=autogenerated3>[http://www.monacohebdo.mc/4786-deux-listes-pour-une-mairie Deux listes pour une mairie]</ref> yang terdiri dari empat belas anggota yang dipilih dan dipimpin oleh walikota.<ref>[http://www.monaco-mairie.mc/elus-monaco/ Les Élus]</ref> Berbeda dengan Dewan Nasional, anggota dewan yang dipilih untuk masa empat tahun,<ref>[http://www.monaco-mairie.mc/mairie-monaco/le-conseil-communal/ La Mairie > Le Conseil Communal]</ref> adalah [[non-partisan]] secara ketat, bagaimanapun, [[Oposisi (politik)|oposisi]] di dalam dewan sering dibentuk.<ref name=autogenerated3 /><ref>[http://www.nicematin.com/article/actualites/elections-communales-a-monaco-vingt-quatre-candidats-en-lice.460784.html Élections communales à Monaco: vingt-quatre candidats en lice]</ref>
 
=== Pembagian administratif ===
 
==== Ikhtisar ====
[[File:Quartièrs de Mónegue.svg|thumb|''[[Ward]]'' Monako.]]
 
Monako adalah negara kedua [[Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah|terkecil di dunia]] (berdasarkan ukuran) di dunia; hanya [[Vatikan]] yang lebih kecil.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://triphobby.blogspot.com/2011/01/monaco-second-smallest-country-in-world.html |title=Trip Hobby: MONACO : Second Smallest country in the world |publisher=Triphobby.blogspot.com |date=30 January 2011 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Robertson |first=Alex |url=http://www.gadling.com/2012/02/01/the-10-smallest-countries-in-the-world/ |title=The 10 smallest countries in the world |publisher=Gadling.com |date=1 February 2012 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Monako juga merupakan negara monarki kedua terkecil di dunia<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldmarineguide.com/country/monaco |title=Marinas, Ports & Anchorages in Monaco |publisher=Worldmarineguide.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> dan paling [[Daftar negara menurut kepadatan penduduk|padat]] di dunia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/popdensity.htm |title=Population Density |publisher=Geography.about.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Monako hanya memiliki satu [[munisipalitas]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Is_Monaco_a_city-state_of_a_country |title=Is Monaco a city-state of a country |publisher=Wiki.answers.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Tidak ada perbedaan geografis antara negara dan kota Monako, meskipun tanggung jawab pemerintah (tingkat negara) dan dari [[munisipalitas]] (tingkat kota) berbeda.<ref name="monaco-consulate1"/> Berdasarkan konstituti pada tahun 1911, Monako dibagi menjadi tiga munisipalitas:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jci-ec2013.com/en/about/monaco-monte-carlo/general-presentation.html |title=About Monaco |publisher=JCI EC 2013 |date=3 March 2010 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
* [[Monaco-Ville]], kota tua di tanjung berbatu yang memanjang ke Laut Tengah, dikenal sebagai [[Batu Monako]], atau hanya "The Rock";
* [[Monte Carlo]], kawasan perumahan pokok dan resor dengan [[Kasino Monte Carlo]] di timur dan timur laut;
* [[La Condamine]], bagian barat daya, termasuk daerah pelabuhan, [[Pelabuhan Hercules]].
 
Munisipalitas itu digabung menjadi satu pada tahun 1917, setelah tuduhan bahwa pemerintah bertindak sesuai dengan motto "membagi dan menaklukkan" dan mereka diberikan status sebagai ''[[ward (pembagian negara)|ward]]'' atau ''quartiers''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://madmonaco.blogspot.com/p/history.html |title=Mad for Monaco: History |publisher=Madmonaco.blogspot.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
* [[Fontvieille, Monako|Fontvieille]], ditambahkan sebagai ward keempat, daerah yang baru dibangun dari reklamasi tanah di tahun 1970-an;
* [[Moneghetti]], menjadi ward kelima, dibuat dari sebagian La Condamine;
* [[Larvotto]], menjadi ward keenam, dibuat dari sebagian Monte Carlo;
* [[Saint Roman, Monako|La Rousse/Saint Roman]] (termasuk [[Le Ténao]]), menjadi ward ketujuh, juga dibuat dari sebagian Monte Carlo.
[[File:MonacoLibreDeDroits.jpg|thumb|Di depan adalah [[La Condamine]], ke kanan dengan pelabuhan kecil [[Fontvieille, Monako|Fontvieille]], dengan "[[Batu Monako|Batu]]" (kota tua, benteng, dan istana) yang menonjol keluar antara dua pelabuhan, ke kiri dengan bangunan bertingkat tinggi [[Saint Roman, Monako|La Rousse/Saint Roman]].]]
Selanjutnya, ada tiga ward tambahan dibuat:
* [[Saint Michel, Monako|Saint Michel]], dibuat dari sebagian Monte Carlo;
* [[La Colle, Monako|La Colle]], dibuat dari sebagian dari La Condamine;
* [[Les Révoires]], juga dibuat dari sebagian dari La Condamine.
 
Sebuah ward tambahan direncanakan akan direklamasi dari lahan baru yang diselesaikan awal tahun 2014;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.west8.nl/projects/landscape/cape_grace_monaco/ |title=West 8 Urban Design & Landscape Architecture / projects / Cape Grace, Monaco |publisher=West8.nl |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> tetapi Pangeran Albert II mengumumkan dalam pidato tahun baru 2009 bahwa ia telah mengakhiri rencana karena iklim ekonomi saat itu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityoutmonaco.com/monaco-property/articles/tourodeon2 |title=The new Monaco skyline |publisher=CityOut Monaco |date=17 March 2010 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Namun, Pangeran Albert II pada pertengahan 2010 dengan tegas memulai kembali program tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|last=Samuel |first=Henry |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/monaco/6894991/Monaco-to-build-into-the-sea-to-create-more-space.html |title=Monaco to build into the sea to create more space |publisher=Telegraph |date=28 December 2009 |accessdate=28 May 2012 |location=London}}</ref><ref name="cityoutmonaco.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.cityoutmonaco.com/monaco-property/articles/monacoprince |title=Prince speaks of future developments |publisher=CityOut Monaco |date=29 December 2009 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
==== Quartier tradisional dan area geografis baru ====
 
Keempat ''quartiers'' tradisional Monako adalah: [[Monaco-Ville]], [[La Condamine]], [[Monte Carlo]] dan [[Fontvieille, Monako|Fontvieille]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/Monaco.html |title=Monaco - Location and size, Population, Agriculture, Tourism, International trade, Working conditions |publisher=Nationsencyclopedia.com |date=2 July 2011 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/Larvotto |title=Dictionary - Definition of Larvotto |publisher=Websters-online-dictionary.org |date=1 March 2008 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Namun, [[Moneghetti]], bagian tingkat tinggi dari La Condamine, umumnya dipandang sebagai '' Quartier'' efektif kelima dari Monako, yang memiliki suasana yang sangat berbeda dan topografi bila dibandingkan dengan La Condamine.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitmonaco.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=Page.viewPage&pageId=16 |title=Tourist Board official website |publisher=Visitmonaco.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
==== Ward ====
Saat ini Monako dibagi menjadi sepuluh ''Ward'', dengan angka resmi mereka, baik [[Fontvieille II]] atau [[Le Portier]], akan menjadi ward efektif yang kesebelas, jika dibangun:<ref name="cityoutmonaco.com"/><ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web|author=Nom (obligatoire) |url=http://www.monacohebdo.mc/9156-extension-en-mer-fontvieille-ou-larvotto |title=Extension en mer : Fontvieille ou Larvotto ? &#124; Monaco Hebdo |publisher=Monacohebdo.mc |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://statoids.com/umc.html |title=Monaco Commune |publisher=Statoids.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! No. || [[Ward (pembagian negara)|Ward]] || Area<br>(km²) || Populasi<br>(Sensus<br>tahun 2008) || Kepadatan<br>(km²)||[[Blok Kota]]<br>''(îlots)''||Keterangan
|-
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"| '''Bekas munisipalitas [[Monaco-Ville|Monaco]]'''
|-
| 05 || [[Monaco-Ville]] || style="text-align:right;"| 0.19 || style="text-align:right;"| 1,034|| style="text-align:right;"| 5597 || style="text-align:right;"| 19 || Kota Tua
|-
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"| '''Bekas munisipalitas [[Monte Carlo]]'''
|-
| 01 || [[Monte Carlo|Monte Carlo/Spélugues]] (''Bd. Des Moulins-Av. de la Madone'')|| style="text-align:right;"| 0.30 || style="text-align:right;"| 3,834 || style="text-align:right;"| 10779|| style="text-align:right;"| 20|| Area resor dan kasino
|-
| 02 || [[Saint Roman, Monako|La Rousse/Saint Roman]] (''Annonciade-Château Périgord'')|| style="text-align:right;"| 0.13 || style="text-align:right;"| 3,223 || style="text-align:right;"| 30633|| style="text-align:right;"| 17|| daerah timur laut, termasuk [[Le Ténao]]
|-
| 03 || [[Larvotto|Larvotto/Bas Moulins]] (''Larvotto-Bd Psse Grace'')|| style="text-align:right;"| 0.34 || style="text-align:right;"| 5,443 || style="text-align:right;"| 16570|| style="text-align:right;"| 17|| Area pantai timur
|-
| 10 || [[Saint Michel, Monako|Saint Michel]] (''Psse Charlotte-Park Palace'')|| style="text-align:right;"| 0.16 || style="text-align:right;"| 3,907 || style="text-align:right;"| 26768|| style="text-align:right;"| 24|| Area pemukiman tengah
|-
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"| '''Bekas munisipalitas [[La Condamine]]'''
|-
| 04 || [[La Condamine]] || style="text-align:right;"| 0.28 || style="text-align:right;"| 3,947 || style="text-align:right;"| 16213|| style="text-align:right;"| 28|| Area pelabuhan barat laut
|-
| 07 || [[La Colle, Monako|La Colle]] (''Plati-Pasteur-Bd Charles III'')|| style="text-align:right;"| 0.11 || style="text-align:right;"| 2,829 || style="text-align:right;"| 15005|| style="text-align:right;"| 15|| Di perbatasan barat dengan [[Cap-d'Ail|Cap d'Ail]]
|-
| 08 || [[Les Révoires]] (''Hector Otto-Honoré Labande'')|| style="text-align:right;"| 0.09 || style="text-align:right;"| 2,545 || style="text-align:right;"| 33203|| style="text-align:right;"| 11|| Teramasuk [[Jardin Exotique de Monaco]]
|-
| 09 || [[Moneghetti|Moneghetti/ Bd de Belgique]] (''Bd Rainier III-Bd de Belgique'') || style="text-align:right;"| 0.10 || style="text-align:right;"| 3,003 || style="text-align:right;"| 28051 || style="text-align:right;"| 17|| Area pemukiman tengah-utara
|-
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"| '''[[Reklamasi tanah|Tanah yang baru direklaim dari laut]]'''
|-
| 06 || [[Fontvieille, Monako|Fontvieille]] || style="text-align:right;"| 0.35 || style="text-align:right;"| 3,901 || style="text-align:right;"| 10156|| style="text-align:right;"| 10|| Mulai 1981
|-
| 11<sup>(1) </sup> || [[Fontvieille II]] || style="text-align:right;"| 0.08<sup>(1) </sup> || style="text-align:right;"| – || style="text-align:right;"| -|| style="text-align:right;"| 6<sup>(1) </sup> ||Pembangunan akan dimulai pada 2013<ref name=autogenerated2 />
|-
| 11<sup>(1) </sup> || [[Le Portier]] || style="text-align:right;"| 0.05<sup>(1) </sup> || style="text-align:right;"| – || style="text-align:right;"| -|| style="text-align:right;"| 4<sup>(1) </sup> || Proyek diluncurkan kembali pada tahun 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nicematin.com/economie/monaco-une-extension-en-mer-au-larvotto-de-nouveau-a-letude.898376.html |title=Monaco: une extension en mer au Larvotto de nouveau à l'étude |publisher=Nice-Matin |date=2012-06-13 |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref>
|- style="background: #CCC;"
| 10 || Monako<ref name="Recensement"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gouv.mc/Action-Gouvernementale/L-Economie/Analyses-et-Statistiques/Publications/Monaco-Statistiques-Pocket |title=Monaco Statistiques Pocket / Publications / Analyses et Statistiques / L'Économie / Action Gouvernementale / Portail du Gouvernement - Monaco |language={{fr icon}} |publisher=Gouv.mc |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> || style="text-align:right;"| 2.05 || style="text-align:right;"| 35,352 || style="text-align:right;"| 16217|| style="text-align:right;"| 178|| &nbsp;
|-
| colspan="7" style="background:#fff;"|<sup>(1) </sup>Tidak termasuk dalam total, karena hanya diusulkan
|}
''Catatan: untuk keperluan statistik, Ward di Monako kemudian dibagi lagi menjadi 178 [[blok kota]] (îlots), yang sebanding dengan [[blok sensus]] di [[Amerika Serikat]].''<ref name="Recensement"/>
 
=== Keamanan ===
{{See also|Penegakan hukum di Monako|Militer Monako}}
[[File:Palace guard in Monaco.jpg|thumb|250px|Pengawal istana di Monako]]
Pertahanan bangsa yang lebih luas disediakan oleh Perancis. Monako tidak memiliki angkatan laut atau angkatan udara, tetapi pada kedua basis per-kapita dan per-area, Monako memiliki kepolisian terbesar (515 petugas polisi untuk 35.000 orang) dan kehadiran polisi di dunia. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gouv.mc/Gouvernement-et-Institutions/Le-Gouvernement/Departement-de-l-Interieur/Direction-de-la-Surete-Publique/Division-de-Police-Maritime-et-Aeroportuaire |title=Division de Police Maritime et Aéroportuaire / Direction de la Sûreté Publique / Département de l'Intérieur / Le Gouvernement / Gouvernement et Institutions / Portail du Gouvernement - Monaco |language={{fr icon}} |publisher=Gouv.mc |date=16 August 1960 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
Pada 1419, Grimaldi membeli Monako dari mahkota Aragon dan menjadi penguasa resmi dan tak terbantahkan dari "Batu Monako", dan pada tahun 1612 Honore II mulai menggelari dirinya sebagai "Pangeran" dari Monako.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://monaco.me/ |title=Monaco - The Principality of Monaco |publisher=Monaco.me |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
Ada juga [[Militer Monako|kekuatan militer]] yang kecil yang terdiri dari unit pengawal pribadi pangeran dan istana di [[Monako-Ville]] yang disebut [[Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince]] (Perusahaan Carabiniers Pangeran), yang dilengkapi dengan senjata modern seperti [[senapan M16A2]] dan pistol 9&nbsp;mm (Glock 17),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.palais.mc/monaco/palais-princier/english/sovereign-house/the-palace-guards/the-palace-guards.453.html |title=The Palace Guards - Prince’s Palace of Monaco |publisher=Palais.mc |date=27 January 2011 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> dan semua yang bersama-sama dengan korps militer, senjata api dan pertahanan sipil (pemadam kebakaran) membentuk sejumlah pasukan publik Monako.<ref>http://www.pompiers.gouv.mc/321/wwwnew.nsf/1909!/x1Fr?OpenDocument&1Fr</ref> ''[[Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince]]'' diciptakan oleh Pangeran [[Honoré IV, Pangeran Monako|Honoré IV]] pada tahun 1817 untuk melindungi kerajaan dan keluarga pangeran. Perusahaan tersebut memiliki jumlah 116 perwira dan laki-laki, sedangkan [[perwira]] dan tentara bersifat lokal, petugas umumnya melayani di [[Tentara Perancis]]. Selain tugas menjaga mereka seperti yang dijelaskan, Carabiniers juga mematroli pantai kerajaan dan perairan pesisir.
 
== Geografi ==
{{utama|Geografi Monako}}
{{See also|Reklamasi tanah di Monako}}
[[File:Monaco satellite map.png|thumb|230px|Citra satelit Monako, dengan perbatasan Monegasque-Perancis terlihat dalam warna kuning.]]
 
[[Berkas:Monaco satellite map.png|jmpl|230px|Citra satelit Monako, dengan perbatasan Monegasque-Prancis terlihat dalam warna kuning.]]
Monako adalah sebuah [[negara-kota]] yang berdaulat, dengan 5 ''quartier'' dan 10 ''ward'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://monaco.me/monaco/monaco-districts/ |title=Monaco Districts &#124; Monaco |publisher=Monaco.me |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> terletak di [[Côte d'Azur]] di [[Eropa Barat]]. Berbatasan dengan [[Perancis]] di tiga sisi, dan satu sisi berbatasan dengan [[Laut Tengah]], pusatnya adalah sekitar {{convert|16|km|abbr=on}} dari [[Italia]], dan hanya {{convert|13|km|abbr=on}} dari timur laut [[Nice|Nice, Perancis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geography.howstuffworks.com/europe/geography-of-monaco.htm |title=HowStuffWorks "Geography of Monaco" |publisher=Geography.howstuffworks.com |date=30 March 2008 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Monako mempunyai luas wilayah {{convert|2.02|km²|abbr=on}},<ref name="Recensement"/> dan populasi sebesar 36,371,<ref name="imsee.mc"/> dan membuat Monako menjadi [[Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah|negara kedua terkecil]], dan [[Daftar negara menurut kepadatan penduduk|paling padat penduduk di dunia]]. Monako mempunyai perbatasan darat hanya {{convert|4.4|km|abbr=on}}, dan garis pantai {{convert|4.1|km|abbr=on}}, dan lebar yang bervariasi antara {{convert|1.7|km|abbr=on}}, dan 349 meter (382 yard).
Monako adalah sebuah [[negara-kota]] yang berdaulat, dengan 5 ''quartier'' dan 10 ''ward'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://monaco.me/monaco/monaco-districts/ |title=Monaco Districts &#124; Monaco |publisher=Monaco.me |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> terletak di [[Côte d'Azur]] di [[Eropa Barat]]. Berbatasan dengan [[Prancis]] di tiga sisi, dan satu sisi berbatasan dengan [[Laut Tengah]], pusatnya adalah sekitar {{convert|16|km|abbr=on}} dari [[Italia]], dan hanya {{convert|13|km|abbr=on}} dari timur laut [[Nice|Nice, Prancis]].<ref name="Geography.howstuffworks.com"/> Monako mempunyai luas wilayah 2,02&nbsp;km² dan populasi sebesar 37.550 (2016),<ref name="monacostatistics.mc"/> hal ini membuat Monako menjadi [[Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah|negara kedua terkecil]] dan [[Daftar negara menurut kepadatan penduduk|paling padat penduduk di dunia]]. Monako mempunyai perbatasan darat hanya {{convert|4.4|km|abbr=on}}, dan garis pantai {{convert|4.1|km|abbr=on}}, dan lebar yang bervariasi antara {{convert|1.7|km|abbr=on}}, dan 349 meter (382 yard).
 
Titik tertinggi dari negara ini adalah jalur sempit yang bernama [[Chemin des Révoires]] di lereng gunung [[Mont Agel]], di distrik [[Les Révoires]], yang tingginya 161 meter (528&nbsp;feet) [[di bawah permukaan laut]]. <ref name="archeoalpimaritimi"/> Titik terendah dari negara ini adalah [[Laut Tengah]] yang berada di [[permukaan laut]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/monaco |title=Monaco: City Guide, weather and facts galore from |publisher=Answers.com |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/highlow.htm |title=Highest and lowest points in countries islands oceans of the world |publisher=Worldatlas.com |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> [[Saint-Jean brook|Saint-Jean]] is the longest flowing body of water, around {{convert|0.19|km|mi|abbr=in}} in length, and [[Fontvieille lake|Fontvieille]] is the largest lake, approximately {{convert|0.5|ha|acre|2|abbr=on}} in size.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&cp=5&gs_id=28&xhr=t&q=monaco&safe=off&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&biw=1366&bih=704&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl |title=Monaco |publisher=Google Maps|date=|accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> Monaco's most populated ''Quartier'' is [[Monte Carlo]], and the most populated ''Ward'' is [[Larvotto|Larvotto/Bas Moulins]].<ref name="Recensement"/> After a recent expansion of [[Port Hercules]],<ref name="Extension"/> Monaco's total area grew to {{convert|2.02|km²|abbr=on}} or 202 ha (499 acres),<ref name="Recensement"/> consequently, new plans have been approved to extend the district of [[Fontvieille, Monaco|Fontvieille]], with land [[Reclaimed land|reclaimed]] from the Mediterranean Sea.<ref name="telegraph"/><ref name="OpenDoc"/> There are two [[port]]s in Monaco, [[Port Hercules|Hercules]] and [[Port Fontvieille|Fontvieille]], as well as the neighboring French port of [[Cap d'Ail]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ports-monaco.com/lang-en.html |title=Presentation |publisher=Ports-monaco.com |date=1 January 2006 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Monaco's only [[natural resource]] is [[fishing]];<ref>{{cite web| author= |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nyIYViMSlOE |title=Prince Albert of Monaco interview on fishing issues |publisher=YouTube |date=30 June 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> with almost the entire country being an [[urban area]], Monaco lacks any sort of commercial [[agriculture|agriculture industry]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geography.about.com/od/monacomaps/a/monacogeography.htm |title=Geography of Monaco - Learn about the Famous Resort Country of Monaco |publisher=Geography.about.com |date=9 May 1949 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref>
 
=== Iklim ===
Monaco has a warm-summer [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: Csa), which is influenced by the [[oceanic climate]] and the [[humid subtropical climate]]. As a result, it has warm, dry summers and mild, rainy winters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldtravelguide.net/monaco/weather-climate-geography |title=Monaco weather, climate and geography |publisher=Worldtravelguide.net |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> Cool and rainy interludes can interrupt the dry summer season, the average length of which is also shorter. Summer afternoons are infrequently hot (indeed, temperatures > {{convert|30|°C|°F|disp=or}} are rare) as the atmosphere is temperate because of constant sea breezes. On the other hand, the nights are very mild, due to the fairly high temperature of the sea in summer. Generally, temperatures do not drop below {{convert|20|°C}} in this season. In the winter, frosts and snowfalls are extremely rare and generally occur once or twice every ten years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.montecarlodailyphoto.com/2009/12/snow-in-casino-square.html |title=Snow in Casino Square! |publisher=Monte Carlo Daily Photo |date=19 December 2009 |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitmonaco.com/us/About-Monaco/Weather |title=Monaco - Weather / About Monaco / Monaco Official Site |publisher=Visitmonaco.com |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref>
 
{{Weather box
Baris 316 ⟶ 118:
}}
 
== EkonomiPolitik ==
{{Utamautama|EkonomiPolitik Monako}}
[[File:Monaco fontvieille.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Fontvieille, Monako|Fontvieille]] dan pelabuhan yang baru.]]
Salah satu sumber utama penghasilan Monako adalah pariwisata. Setiap tahun banyak wisatawan tertarik denagn kasinonya (yang warga dilarang) dan iklim yang nyaman. Pada tahun 2001, sebuah proyek konstruksi baru yang besar memperpanjang dermaga yang digunakan oleh kapal-kapal pesiar di pelabuhan utama. Monako telah berhasil mendiversifikasi basis ekonomi dalam layanan dan kecil, nilai tambah tinggi, industri non-polusi, seperti kosmetik dan biotermik.
 
Monako telah diatur di bawah [[monarki konstitusional]] sejak tahun 1911, dengan [[Pangeran Monako]] sebagai [[kepala negara]]. [[Eksekutif|Badan eksekutif]] terdiri dari [[Menteri Negara (Monako)|Menteri Negara]] sebagai [[kepala pemerintahan]], yang memimpin lima anggota [[dewan pemerintahan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco-iq.com/politics |title=Politics |publisher=Monaco-IQ |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Hingga 2002, menteri negara adalah warga negara Prancis yang ditunjuk oleh pangeran dari calon yang diajukan oleh pemerintah Prancis, sejak amendemen konstitusi tahun 2002, menteri negara dapat berupa orang Prancis ataupun Monegasque<ref name="state1"/> Namun, pada tanggal 3 Maret 2010, Pangeran Albert II mengangkat seorang Prancis bernama [[Michel Roger]] sebagai menteri negara.<ref name="monaco-consulate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco-consulate.com/index.php/about/history/ |title=History « Consulate General of Monaco |publisher=Monaco-consulate.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012 |archive-date=2012-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610201643/http://www.monaco-consulate.com/index.php/about/history/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Monako mempertahankan [[monopoli]] di berbagai sektor, termasuk tembakau dan layanan pos. Jaringan telepon ([[Monako Telecom]]) digunakan untuk dimiliki sepenuhnya oleh negara; sekarang hanya memiliki 45%, sedangkan 55% sisanya dimiliki oleh [[Cable & Wireless Communications]] (49%) dan [[Compagnie Monégasque de Banque]] (6%). Hal ini masih, bagaimanapun, monopoli. Standar hidup di Monako tinggi, kira-kira sebanding dengan di wilayah metropolitan Perancis. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
Berdasarkan konstitusi 1962, pangeran berbagi [[hak veto]]nya dengan [[Dewan Nasional Monako|Dewan Nasional]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://globaledge.msu.edu/Countries/Monaco/government |title=Monaco: Government >> globalEDGE: Your source for Global Business Knowledge |publisher=Globaledge.msu.edu |date=4 October 2004 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> 24 anggota dewan nasional dipilih untuk masa jabatan lima tahun; 16 yang dipilih melalui sistem pemilihan mayoritas dan 8 oleh perwakilan proporsional.<ref name="freedomhouse1">{{cite web |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2011/monaco |title=Monaco |publisher=Freedom House |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012 |archive-date=2012-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115151511/http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2011/monaco |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Semua undang-undang memerlukan persetujuan dari dewan nasional, yang saat ini didominasi oleh [[Uni untuk Monako|Uni Monako]] (UPM), yang berpusat-kanan yang memegang dua puluh satu kursi.<ref name="freedomhouse1"/> Satu-satunya partai lain yang diwakili di dewan nasional adalah [[Uni Nasional dan Demokratik|Reli dan Isu untuk Monako]] (REM), yang bersayap-kanan yang memegang hanya tiga kursi.<ref name="freedomhouse1"/> Urusan kota Monako diarahkan oleh [[Komunal Dewan Monako|Dewan Komunal]],<ref name=autogenerated3>{{Cite web |url=http://www.monacohebdo.mc/4786-deux-listes-pour-une-mairie |title=Deux listes pour une mairie |access-date=2013-05-17 |archive-date=2013-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510034909/http://www.monacohebdo.mc/4786-deux-listes-pour-une-mairie |dead-url=yes }}</ref> yang terdiri dari empat belas anggota yang dipilih dan dipimpin oleh wali kota.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.monaco-mairie.mc/elus-monaco/ |title=Les Élus |access-date=2013-05-17 |archive-date=2013-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515063156/http://www.monaco-mairie.mc/elus-monaco/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Berbeda dengan Dewan Nasional, anggota dewan yang dipilih untuk masa empat tahun,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.monaco-mairie.mc/mairie-monaco/le-conseil-communal/ |title=La Mairie > Le Conseil Communal |access-date=2013-05-17 |archive-date=2013-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232740/http://www.monaco-mairie.mc/mairie-monaco/le-conseil-communal/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> adalah [[non-partisan]] secara ketat, bagaimanapun, [[Oposisi (politik)|oposisi]] di dalam dewan sering dibentuk.<ref name=autogenerated3 /><ref>[http://www.nicematin.com/article/actualites/elections-communales-a-monaco-vingt-quatre-candidats-en-lice.460784.html Élections communales à Monaco: vingt-quatre candidats en lice]</ref>
Monaco bukanlah anggota dari [[Uni Eropa]]. Meskipun demikian, it is very closely linked via a customs union with France, and as such, its currency is the same as that of France, the [[euro]]. Before 2002, Monaco minted its own coins, the [[Monegasque franc]]. Monaco has acquired the right to mint [[euro coins]] with [[Monegasque euro coins|Monegasque designs]] on its national side.
 
=== IndustriPembagian perjudianadministratif ===
[[File:monaco casino 2007.jpg|thumb|[[Kasino Monte Carlo]]]]
The plan for casino gambling was mooted during the reign of [[Florestan I, Prince of Monaco|Florestan I]] in 1846. Under Louis-Philippe's [[Petite bourgeoisie|petite-bourgeois]] regime, however, a dignitary such as a [[Prince of Monaco]] was not allowed to operate a gambling house.<ref name="state1"/> All this changed in the dissolute [[Second French Empire]] under [[Napoleon III]]. The [[House of Grimaldi]] was in dire need to generate cash. [[Menton, France|Menton]] and [[Roquebrune-Cap-Martin|Roquebrune]], which had been main source of income for the Grimaldis for centuries, now accustomed to much improved standard of living and lenient taxation thanks to Sardinian intervention, clamored for financial and political concession, even for separation. The Grimaldis hoped the newly legal industry would help alleviate the difficulties they faced, above all the crushing debt the family had incurred, but Monaco's first casino would not be ready to operate until after [[Charles III, Prince of Monaco|Charles III]] assumed the throne in 1856.
 
[[Berkas:Quartièrs de Mónegue.svg|jmpl|''[[Ward]]'' Monako.]]
The grantee of the princely concession (licence) was unable to attract enough business to sustain the operation and, after relocating the casino several times, sold the concession to French casino magnates [[François Blanc|François]] and [[Louis Blanc (businessman)|Louis Blanc]] for 1.7&nbsp;million francs. The Blancs had already set up a highly successful casino (in fact the biggest in Europe) in Bad-Homburg in the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Homburg, a small German principality comparable to Monaco, and quickly petitioned Charles III to rename a depressed seaside area known as "Les Spelegures (Den of Thieves)" to "Monte Carlo (Mount Charles)."<ref name="Craps">{{cite web |url=http://www.crapsdicecontrol.com/monte_carlo.htm|title=History of Monte Carlo Casino|publisher=Craps Dice Control|accessdate=28 April 2012}}</ref> They then constructed their casino in the newly dubbed "Monte Carlo" and cleared out the area's less-than-savory elements to make the neighborhood surrounding the establishment more conducive to tourism.
Monako adalah negara kedua [[Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah|terkecil di dunia]] (berdasarkan ukuran) di dunia; hanya [[Vatikan]] yang lebih kecil.<ref>{{cite web|last=Robertson |first=Alex |url=http://www.gadling.com/2012/02/01/the-10-smallest-countries-in-the-world/ |title=The 10 smallest countries in the world |publisher=Gadling.com |date=1 February 2012 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Monako juga merupakan negara monarki kedua terkecil di dunia<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldmarineguide.com/country/monaco |title=Marinas, Ports & Anchorages in Monaco |publisher=Worldmarineguide.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> dan paling [[Daftar negara menurut kepadatan penduduk|padat]] di dunia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/popdensity.htm |title=Population Density |publisher=Geography.about.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012 |archive-date=2017-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201132604/http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/popdensity.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Monako hanya memiliki satu [[munisipalitas]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Is_Monaco_a_city-state_of_a_country |title=Is Monaco a city-state of a country |publisher=Wiki.answers.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Tidak ada perbedaan geografis antara negara dan kota Monako, meskipun tanggung jawab pemerintah (tingkat negara) dan dari [[munisipalitas]] (tingkat kota) berbeda.<ref name="monaco-consulate1"/> Berdasarkan konstituti pada tahun 1911, Monako dibagi menjadi tiga munisipalitas:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jci-ec2013.com/en/about/monaco-monte-carlo/general-presentation.html |title=About Monaco |publisher=JCI EC 2013 |date=3 March 2010 |accessdate=28 May 2012 |archive-date=2014-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115095412/http://www.jci-ec2013.com/en/about/monaco-monte-carlo/general-presentation.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* [[Monaco-Ville]], kota tua di tanjung berbatu yang memanjang ke Laut Tengah, dikenal sebagai [[Batu Monako]], atau hanya "The Rock";
* [[Monte Carlo]], kawasan perumahan pokok dan resor dengan [[Kasino Monte Carlo]] di timur dan timur laut;
* [[La Condamine]], bagian barat daya, termasuk daerah pelabuhan, [[Pelabuhan Hercules]].
 
Munisipalitas itu digabung menjadi satu pada tahun 1917, setelah tuduhan bahwa pemerintah bertindak sesuai dengan motto "membagi dan menaklukkan" dan mereka diberikan status sebagai ''[[ward (pembagian negara)|ward]]'' atau ''quartiers''.
The Blancs opened [[Le Grand Casino de Monte Carlo]] in 1858, and the casino benefited from the tourist traffic the newly built French railway system created.<ref>[http://www.iptv.org/series.cfm/9038/rick_steves_europe/ep:504 Rick Steves' Europe: Little Europe: San Marino, Monaco, Vatican City, Liechtenstein, and Andorra » TV Programs on Iowa Public Television<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Due to the combination of the casino and the railroads, Monaco finally recovered from the previous half century of economic slump, and the principality's success attracted other businesses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ricksteves.com/tvr/littleeurope504_scr.htm |title=Rick Steves Europe:Little Europe: Five Microcountries |publisher=Ricksteves.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> In the years following the casino's opening Monaco founded its [[Oceanographic Museum]] and the [[Monte Carlo Opera House]], 46 hotels sprang up and the number of jewelers operating in Monaco increased by nearly 500 percent. By 1869, the casino was making such a vast sum of money that the principality could afford not to collect tax from the Monegasques; a master stroke that was to attract affluent residents from all over Europe.
 
* [[Fontvieille, Monako|Fontvieille]], ditambahkan sebagai ward keempat, daerah yang baru dibangun dari reklamasi tanah pada tahun 1970-an;
Today, ''[[Société des bains de mer de Monaco]]'', which owns Le Grand Casino still operates in the original building the Blancs constructed, and has since been joined by several other casinos, including the [[Le Casino Café de Paris]], the [[Monte Carlo Sporting Club & Casino]], and the [[Sun Casino]]. The most recent addition in Monte Carlo, is the [[Monte-Carlo Bay Hotel & Resort|Monte Carlo Bay Casino]], which sits on 4 hectares of the Mediterranean Sea, and among other things, offers 145 slot machines, all equipped with "[[Ticket-In, Ticket-Out]]" (TITO); it is the first Mediterranean casino to use this technology.<ref name=Porter>{{citation | year=2006 | title=Frommer’s Provence and the Riviera (Fifth. ed.) | author=Porter, D. | author2=D. Prince | publisher=Wiley Publishing Inc.}}</ref>
* [[Moneghetti]], menjadi ward kelima, dibuat dari sebagian La Condamine;
* [[Larvotto]], menjadi ward keenam, dibuat dari sebagian Monte Carlo;
* [[Saint Roman, Monako|La Rousse/Saint Roman]] (termasuk [[Le Ténao]]), menjadi ward ketujuh, juga dibuat dari sebagian Monte Carlo.
[[Berkas:MonacoLibreDeDroits.jpg|jmpl|Di depan adalah [[La Condamine]], ke kanan dengan pelabuhan kecil [[Fontvieille, Monako|Fontvieille]], dengan "[[Batu Monako|Batu]]" (kota tua, benteng, dan istana) yang menonjol keluar antara dua pelabuhan, ke kiri dengan bangunan bertingkat tinggi [[Saint Roman, Monako|La Rousse/Saint Roman]].]]
Selanjutnya, ada tiga ward tambahan dibuat:
* [[Saint Michel, Monako|Saint Michel]], dibuat dari sebagian Monte Carlo;
* [[La Colle, Monako|La Colle]], dibuat dari sebagian dari La Condamine;
* [[Les Révoires]], juga dibuat dari sebagian dari La Condamine.
 
Sebuah ward tambahan direncanakan akan direklamasi dari lahan baru yang diselesaikan awal tahun 2014;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.west8.nl/projects/landscape/cape_grace_monaco/ |title=West 8 Urban Design & Landscape Architecture / projects / Cape Grace, Monaco |publisher=West8.nl |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012 |archive-date=2017-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630200229/http://www.west8.nl/projects/landscape/cape_grace_monaco/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> tetapi Pangeran Albert II mengumumkan dalam pidato tahun baru 2009 bahwa ia telah mengakhiri rencana karena iklim ekonomi saat itu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityoutmonaco.com/monaco-property/articles/tourodeon2 |title=The new Monaco skyline |publisher=CityOut Monaco |date=17 March 2010 |accessdate=28 May 2012 |archive-date=2011-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011020551/http://cityoutmonaco.com/monaco-property/articles/tourodeon2 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Namun, Pangeran Albert II pada pertengahan 2010 dengan tegas memulai kembali program tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|last=Samuel|first=Henry|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/monaco/6894991/Monaco-to-build-into-the-sea-to-create-more-space.html|title=Monaco to build into the sea to create more space|publisher=Telegraph|date=28 December 2009|accessdate=28 May 2012|location=London}}</ref><ref name="cityoutmonaco.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.cityoutmonaco.com/monaco-property/articles/monacoprince |title=Prince speaks of future developments |publisher=CityOut Monaco |date=29 December 2009 |accessdate=28 May 2012 |archive-date=2011-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011043404/http://cityoutmonaco.com/monaco-property/articles/monacoprince |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
=== Tax haven ===
Monaco levies no [[income tax]] on [[individual]]s.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/globalbusiness/7243401/Monaco-might-not-charge-residents-income-tax-but-its-no-tax-haven.html |title=Monaco might not charge residents income tax, but it's no tax haven |publisher=Telegraph |date= 16 February 2010|accessdate=28 May 2012 |location=London}}</ref> The absence of a personal income tax in the principality has attracted to it a considerable number of wealthy "tax refugee" residents from European countries who derive the majority of their income from activity outside Monaco; [[Celebrity|celebrities]] such as [[Formula One]] drivers attract most of the attention, but the vast majority of them are less well-known business people.<ref name="dailymail1"/><ref>{{cite news|author=David Leigh |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/jul/10/frontpagenews.uknews |title=The tax haven that today's super rich City commuters call home &#124; Business |publisher=The Guardian |date= 10 July 2006|accessdate=28 May 2012 |location=London}}</ref> This applies to all residents of Monaco of any nationality except French citizens whose residency started after 1957. These French citizens still must pay French income tax.
 
==== Quartier tradisional dan area geografis baru ====
In 1998, the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) issued a first report on the consequences of the [[tax haven]]s' financial systems.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.escapeartist.com/OREQ24/Offshore_Tax_Havens.html |title=Obscure Tax Havens |publisher=Escapeartist.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Monaco did not appear in the list of these territories until 2004, when OECD became indignant regarding the Monegasque situation and denounced it in its last report, as well as [[Andorra]], [[Liechtenstein]], [[Liberia]] and the [[Marshall Islands]], underlining its lack of co-operation regarding financial information disclosure and availability.<ref>''Declaration of 18 April 2004, by the representative of the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] Centre for Tax Policy and Administration Gabriel Makhlouf regarding the list of alleged [[tax haven]]s non-cooperatives countries comparable''</ref><ref>''Stage Report 2004: Project of [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] on the detrimental tax practices, [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]], Paris, 2004''</ref>
 
Keempat ''quartiers'' tradisional Monako adalah: [[Monaco-Ville]], [[La Condamine]], [[Monte Carlo]] dan [[Fontvieille, Monako|Fontvieille]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/Monaco.html |title=Monaco - Location and size, Population, Agriculture, Tourism, International trade, Working conditions |publisher=Nationsencyclopedia.com |date=2 July 2011 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/Larvotto |title=Dictionary - Definition of Larvotto |publisher=Websters-online-dictionary.org |date=1 March 2008 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Namun, [[Moneghetti]], bagian tingkat tinggi dari La Condamine, umumnya dipandang sebagai '' Quartier'' efektif kelima dari Monako, yang memiliki suasana yang sangat berbeda dan topografi bila dibandingkan dengan La Condamine.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitmonaco.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=Page.viewPage&pageId=16 |title=Tourist Board official website |publisher=Visitmonaco.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
In 2000, a report by the [[National Assembly of France|French parliamentarians]], [[Arnaud Montebourg]] and [[Vincent Peillon]], alleged that Monaco had lax policies with respect to money laundering, including within its famed casino, and that the government of Monaco had been placing political pressure on the judiciary, so that alleged crimes were not being properly investigated.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/11/rap-info/i2311-2.asp |title=Assemblee-Nationale report |publisher=Assemblee-nationale.fr |date=27 July 1987 |accessdate=28 August 2010}}</ref>
 
==== Ward ====
In 2000, the [[Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering]] (FATF) stated: "The anti-money laundering system in Monaco is comprehensive. However, difficulties have been encountered with Monaco by countries in international investigations on serious crimes that appear to be linked also with tax matters. In addition, the FIU of Monaco (SICCFIN) suffers a great lack of adequate resources. The authorities of Monaco have stated that they will provide additional resources to SICCFIN."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fatf-gafi.org/dataoecd/56/43/33921824.pdf|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110726051252/http://www.fatf-gafi.org/dataoecd/56/43/33921824.pdf|archivedate=26 July 2011|title=Review to Identify Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories: Increasing the Worldwide Effectiveness of Anti-Money Laundering Measures |publisher=Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering|date=22 June 2000|location=Paris|page=8|accessdate=23 May 2009}}</ref> The Principality is no longer blamed in the 2005 FATF report, as well as all other territories.<ref>''Review to Identify Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories: Increasing the Worldwide Effectiveness of Anti-Money Laundering Measures, [[Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering|FATF]], Paris, 2005''</ref><ref>''Review to Identify Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories: Increasing the Worldwide Effectiveness of Anti-Money Laundering Measures, FATF, Paris, 2006''</ref> However, since 2003, the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF) has identified Monaco, along with 36 other territories, as a [[tax haven]].<ref>''Financial Centres with Significant Offshore Activities in Offshore Financial Centres. The Assessment Program. A Progress Report Supplementary Information, IMF, Washington, 2005''</ref>
Saat ini Monako dibagi menjadi sepuluh ''Ward'', dengan angka resmi mereka, baik [[Fontvieille II]] atau [[Le Portier]], akan menjadi ward efektif yang kesebelas, jika dibangun:<ref name="cityoutmonaco.com"/><ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web |author=Nom (obligatoire) |url=http://www.monacohebdo.mc/9156-extension-en-mer-fontvieille-ou-larvotto |title=Extension en mer : Fontvieille ou Larvotto ? &#124; Monaco Hebdo |publisher=Monacohebdo.mc |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12 |archive-date=2015-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016011101/http://www.monacohebdo.mc/9156-extension-en-mer-fontvieille-ou-larvotto |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://statoids.com/umc.html |title=Monaco Commune |publisher=Statoids.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
The [[Council of Europe]] also decided to issue reports naming tax havens. Twenty-two territories, including Monaco, were thus evaluated between 1998 and 2000 on a first round. Monaco is the only territory that refuses to perform the second round, initially forecast between 2001 and 2003, whereas the 21 other territories are implementing the third and last round, planned between 2005 and 2007.<ref>''First Mutual Evaluation Report on the Principality of Monaco, Moneyval, Strasbourg, 2003''</ref>
|-
! No. || [[Ward (pembagian negara)|Ward]] || Area<br>(km²) || Populasi<br>(Sensus<br>tahun 2008) || Kepadatan<br>(km²)||[[Blok Kota]]<br>''(îlots)''||Keterangan
|-
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"| '''Bekas munisipalitas [[Monaco-Ville|Monaco]]'''
|-
| 05 || [[Monaco-Ville]] || style="text-align:right;"| 0.19 || style="text-align:right;"| 1,034|| style="text-align:right;"| 5597 || style="text-align:right;"| 19 || Kota Tua
|-
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"| '''Bekas munisipalitas [[Monte Carlo]]'''
|-
| 01 || [[Monte Carlo|Monte Carlo/Spélugues]] (''Bd. Des Moulins-Av. de la Madone'')|| style="text-align:right;"| 0.30 || style="text-align:right;"| 3,834 || style="text-align:right;"| 10779|| style="text-align:right;"| 20|| Area resor dan kasino
|-
| 02 || [[Saint Roman, Monako|La Rousse/Saint Roman]] (''Annonciade-Château Périgord'')|| style="text-align:right;"| 0.13 || style="text-align:right;"| 3,223 || style="text-align:right;"| 30633|| style="text-align:right;"| 17|| daerah timur laut, termasuk [[Le Ténao]]
|-
| 03 || [[Larvotto|Larvotto/Bas Moulins]] (''Larvotto-Bd Psse Grace'')|| style="text-align:right;"| 0.34 || style="text-align:right;"| 5,443 || style="text-align:right;"| 16570|| style="text-align:right;"| 17|| Area pantai timur
|-
| 10 || [[Saint Michel, Monako|Saint Michel]] (''Psse Charlotte-Park Palace'')|| style="text-align:right;"| 0.16 || style="text-align:right;"| 3,907 || style="text-align:right;"| 26768|| style="text-align:right;"| 24|| Area permukiman tengah
|-
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"| '''Bekas munisipalitas [[La Condamine]]'''
|-
| 04 || [[La Condamine]] || style="text-align:right;"| 0.28 || style="text-align:right;"| 3,947 || style="text-align:right;"| 16213|| style="text-align:right;"| 28|| Area pelabuhan barat laut
|-
| 07 || [[La Colle, Monako|La Colle]] (''Plati-Pasteur-Bd Charles III'')|| style="text-align:right;"| 0.11 || style="text-align:right;"| 2,829 || style="text-align:right;"| 15005|| style="text-align:right;"| 15|| Di perbatasan barat dengan [[Cap-d'Ail|Cap d'Ail]]
|-
| 08 || [[Les Révoires]] (''Hector Otto-Honoré Labande'')|| style="text-align:right;"| 0.09 || style="text-align:right;"| 2,545 || style="text-align:right;"| 33203|| style="text-align:right;"| 11|| Teramasuk [[Jardin Exotique de Monaco]]
|-
| 09 || [[Moneghetti|Moneghetti/ Bd de Belgique]] (''Bd Rainier III-Bd de Belgique'') || style="text-align:right;"| 0.10 || style="text-align:right;"| 3,003 || style="text-align:right;"| 28051 || style="text-align:right;"| 17|| Area permukiman tengah-utara
|-
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"| '''[[Reklamasi tanah|Tanah yang baru direklaim dari laut]]'''
|-
| 06 || [[Fontvieille, Monako|Fontvieille]] || style="text-align:right;"| 0.35 || style="text-align:right;"| 3,901 || style="text-align:right;"| 10156|| style="text-align:right;"| 10|| Mulai 1981
|-
| 11<sup>(1) </sup> || [[Fontvieille II]] || style="text-align:right;"| 0.08<sup>(1) </sup> || style="text-align:right;"| – || style="text-align:right;"| -|| style="text-align:right;"| 6<sup>(1) </sup> ||Pembangunan akan dimulai pada 2013<ref name=autogenerated2 />
|-
| 11<sup>(1) </sup> || [[Le Portier]] || style="text-align:right;"| 0.05<sup>(1) </sup> || style="text-align:right;"| – || style="text-align:right;"| -|| style="text-align:right;"| 4<sup>(1) </sup> || Proyek diluncurkan kembali pada tahun 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nicematin.com/economie/monaco-une-extension-en-mer-au-larvotto-de-nouveau-a-letude.898376.html |title=Monaco: une extension en mer au Larvotto de nouveau à l'étude |publisher=Nice-Matin |date=2012-06-13 |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref>
|- style="background: #CCC;"
| 10 || Monako<ref name="Recensement"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gouv.mc/Action-Gouvernementale/L-Economie/Analyses-et-Statistiques/Publications/Monaco-Statistiques-Pocket |title=Monaco Statistiques Pocket / Publications / Analyses et Statistiques / L'Économie / Action Gouvernementale / Portail du Gouvernement - Monaco |language={{fr icon}} |publisher=Gouv.mc |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> || style="text-align:right;"| 2.05 || style="text-align:right;"| 35,352 || style="text-align:right;"| 16217|| style="text-align:right;"| 178|| &nbsp;
|-
| colspan="7" style="background:#fff;"|<sup>(1) </sup>Tidak termasuk dalam total, karena hanya diusulkan
|}
''Catatan: untuk keperluan statistik, Ward di Monako kemudian dibagi lagi menjadi 178 [[blok kota]] (îlots), yang sebanding dengan [[blok sensus]] di [[Amerika Serikat]].''<ref name="Recensement"/>
 
=== Keamanan ===
However, Monaco has high social insurance taxes payable by both employer and employee. The employer's contribution is between 28%–40% (averaging 35%) of gross salary including benefits and the employee pays a further 10%–14% (averaging 13%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lowtax.net/lowtax/html/jmcpetx.html|title=Monaco Personal Taxation | accessdate=28 May 2010}}</ref>
{{See also|Penegakan hukum di Monako|Militer Monako}}
[[Berkas:Palace guard in Monaco.jpg|jmpl|250px|Pengawal istana di Monako]]
Pertahanan bangsa yang lebih luas disediakan oleh Prancis. Monako tidak memiliki angkatan laut atau angkatan udara, tetapi pada kedua basis per-kapita dan per-area, Monako memiliki kepolisian terbesar (515 petugas polisi untuk 35.000 orang) dan kehadiran polisi di dunia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gouv.mc/Gouvernement-et-Institutions/Le-Gouvernement/Departement-de-l-Interieur/Direction-de-la-Surete-Publique/Division-de-Police-Maritime-et-Aeroportuaire |title=Division de Police Maritime et Aéroportuaire / Direction de la Sûreté Publique / Département de l'Intérieur / Le Gouvernement / Gouvernement et Institutions / Portail du Gouvernement - Monaco |language={{fr icon}} |publisher=Gouv.mc |date=16 August 1960 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
Ada juga [[Militer Monako|kekuatan militer]] yang kecil yang terdiri dari unit pengawal pribadi pangeran dan istana di [[Monako-Ville]] yang disebut [[Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince]] (Perusahaan Carabiniers Pangeran), yang dilengkapi dengan senjata modern seperti [[senapan M16A2]] dan pistol 9&nbsp;mm (Glock 17),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.palais.mc/monaco/palais-princier/english/sovereign-house/the-palace-guards/the-palace-guards.453.html |title=The Palace Guards - Prince’s Palace of Monaco |publisher=Palais.mc |date=27 January 2011 |accessdate=28 May 2012 |archive-date=2012-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423061945/http://www.palais.mc/monaco/palais-princier/english/sovereign-house/the-palace-guards/the-palace-guards.453.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> dan semua yang bersama-sama dengan korps militer, senjata api dan pertahanan sipil (pemadam kebakaran) membentuk sejumlah pasukan publik Monako.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pompiers.gouv.mc/321/wwwnew.nsf/1909!/x1Fr?OpenDocument&1Fr |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2013-05-17 |archive-date=2013-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206010807/http://www.pompiers.gouv.mc/321/wwwnew.nsf/1909%21/x1Fr?OpenDocument&1Fr |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ''[[Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince]]'' diciptakan oleh Pangeran [[Honoré IV, Pangeran Monako|Honoré IV]] pada tahun 1817 untuk melindungi kerajaan dan keluarga pangeran. Perusahaan tersebut memiliki jumlah 116 perwira dan laki-laki, sedangkan [[perwira]] dan tentara bersifat lokal, petugas umumnya melayani di [[Tentara Prancis]]. Selain tugas menjaga mereka seperti yang dijelaskan, Carabiniers juga mematroli pantai kerajaan dan perairan pesisir.
== Mata uang ==
{{Main|Koin Euro Monegasque|Koin peringatan euro emas dan perak (Monako)}}
 
=== Bendera ===
In Monaco, the euro was introduced in 2002, having been preceded by the [[Monegasque franc]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurocoins.co.uk/monaco.html |title=Monaco Euro Coins |publisher=Eurocoins.co.uk |date=1 January 2002 |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> In preparation for this date, the minting of the new euro coins started as early as 2001. Like Belgium, Finland, France, the Netherlands and Spain, Monaco decided to put the minting date on its coins. This is why the first euro coins from Monaco have the year 2001 on them, instead of 2002, like the other countries of the [[Eurozone]] that decided to put the year of first circulation (2002) on their coins.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecb.int/euro/coins/html/mo.en.html |title=ECB: Monaco |publisher=Ecb.int |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://monaco.me/monaco-coins/ |title=Monaco Coins &#124; Monaco |publisher=Monaco.me |date=1 January 2002 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Three different designs were selected for the Monegasque coins.<ref name="visitmonaco1">{{cite web |url=http://www.visitmonaco.com/en/Places-to-visit/Museums/The-Museum-of-Stamps-and-Coins |title=Monaco - The Museum of Stamps and Coins / Museums / Places to visit / Official site of Monaco |publisher=Visitmonaco.com |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> However, In 2006, the design was changed after the death of ruling Prince Rainier to have the effigy of Prince Albert.<ref name="visitmonaco1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.taxfreegold.co.uk/monaco.html |title=Monagesque Gold Coins - Monaco |publisher=Taxfreegold.co.uk |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref>
{{Utama|Bendera Monako}}
Bendera Monako adalah salah satu desain bendera nasional tertua di dunia. Bendera Monako identik dengan [[Bendera Indonesia]], kecuali untuk rasio tinggi dan lebar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldflags101.com/m/monaco-flag.aspx |title=Monaco Flag&nbsp;– World Flags 101&nbsp;– Monacan Flags |publisher=Worldflags101.com |accessdate=2 July 2011}}</ref>
 
== Ekonomi ==
Monaco also has a rich and valuable collection of collectors' coins, with face value ranging from €5 to €100.<ref>{{cite web|author=Siam Internet Co., Ltd. |url=http://www.euro-coins.tv/monaco-euro-coins.php |title=Monaco Euro Coins - daily updated collectors value for every single coin - the online coin catalogue for numismatists |publisher=euro-coins.tv |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> These coins are a legacy of an old national practice of minting [[silver]] and [[gold]] commemorative coins.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monacorarecoins.com/rare-gold-coins/ |title=Buy Gold Coins - Rare Gold Coins - Gold Coin Values - Rare Gold Coin Prices |publisher=Monacorarecoins.com |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.williamyoungerman.com/world_gold_coins/monaco_gold_coins.htm|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090224123645/http://williamyoungerman.com/world_gold_coins/monaco_gold_coins.htm|archivedate=24 February 2009 |title=Monaco Gold Coins -World Gold Coins |publisher=Williamyoungerman.com |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Unlike normal issues, these coins are not legal tender in all the Eurozone. For instance, a Monegasque commemorative coin cannot be used in any other country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/Europeweb/factfile/Unique-facts-Europe16.htm |title=Unique Facts About Europe: Euro |publisher=Sheppardsoftware.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The same practice concerning commemorative coins is exercised with all eurozone countries. Commemorative coins are legal tender only in their country of issue, unlike normal circulation coins, which are accepted in all euro-zone countries.
{{Utama|Ekonomi Monako}}
 
[[Berkas:Monaco fontvieille.jpg|jmpl|250px|[[Fontvieille, Monako|Fontvieille]] dan pelabuhan yang baru.]]
Salah satu sumber utama penghasilan Monako adalah pariwisata. Setiap tahun banyak wisatawan tertarik dengan kasinonya (dengan pengecualian warga negara Monako boleh masuk kasino tetapi dilarang ikut berjudi) dan iklim yang nyaman. Pada tahun 2001, sebuah proyek konstruksi baru yang besar memperpanjang dermaga yang digunakan oleh kapal-kapal pesiar di pelabuhan utama. Monako telah berhasil mendiversifikasi basis ekonomi dalam layanan dan kecil, nilai tambah tinggi, industri non-polusi, seperti kosmetik dan biotermik.
 
Monako mempertahankan [[monopoli]] di berbagai sektor, termasuk tembakau dan layanan pos. Jaringan telepon ([[Monako Telecom]]) digunakan untuk dimiliki sepenuhnya oleh negara; sekarang hanya memiliki 45%, sedangkan 55% sisanya dimiliki oleh [[Cable & Wireless Communications]] (49%) dan [[Compagnie Monégasque de Banque]] (6%). Hal ini masih, bagaimanapun, monopoli. Standar hidup di Monako tinggi, kira-kira sebanding dengan di wilayah metropolitan Prancis.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.html |title=CIA - The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012 |archive-date=2010-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711144147/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
 
Monaco bukan anggota [[Uni Eropa]], tetapi memiliki hubungan diplomatik dengan Uni Eropa serta menggunakan [[Euro]] sebagai mata uang resmi.
 
=== Transportasi ===
{{Utama|Transportasi di Monako}}
{{Further|Transportasi rel di Monako}}
 
[[Transportasi rel di Monako|Stasiun Monaco-Monte Carlo]] dilayani oleh [[SNCF]], sistem rel nasional Prancis. [[Heliport Monako]] menyediakan pelayanan helikopter ke bandar udara terdekat, [[Bandar Udara Nice Côte d'Azur|Bandar Udara Côte d'Azur]] di Nice, Prancis.
{{Panorama
|image = File:Monaco_City_001.jpg
|fullwidth = 6843
|fullheight = 2176
|caption = <center>Panorama di [[La Condamine]], Monako</center>
|height = 300
}}
 
== Demografi ==
{{Utama|Demografi Monako}}
[[File:Monte Carlo, evening.jpg|thumb|Matahari terbenam di [[Monte Carlo]].]]
Populasi Monako tidak biasa bahwa orang asli Monegasque adalah minoritas di negara mereka sendiri yang terdiri dari 21,6% dari populasi Monako. Kelompok terbesar adalah warga negara Perancis 28,4%, diikuti oleh Monegasque (21,6%), Italia (18,7%), Inggris (7,5%), Belgia (2,8%), Jerman (2,5%), Swiss (2,5%) dan warga negara Amerika Serikat (1,2%).<ref name="2008census">{{cite web|title=General Population Census 2008: Population Recensee et Population Estimee|url=http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/e89a6190e96cbd1fc1256f7f005dbe6e/64a1643c86f9f661c12575ae004cc473/$FILE/Recensement2008_Ch1.pdf|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110614212422/http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/e89a6190e96cbd1fc1256f7f005dbe6e/64a1643c86f9f661c12575ae004cc473/$FILE/Recensement2008_Ch1.pdf|archivedate=14 June 2011|publisher=Government of the Principality of Monaco|accessdate=7 October 2011|language=French|year=2008}}</ref>
 
[[Berkas:Monte Carlo, evening.jpg|jmpl|Matahari terbenam di [[Monte Carlo]].]]
Warga naturalisasi Monako disebut ''Monacans'', sedangkan ''Monegasque'' merupakan istilah yang tepat untuk menggambarkan seseorang yang lahir di Monako. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.everyculture.com/Ma-Ni/Monaco.html |title=Culture of Monaco - history, people, clothing, traditions, women, beliefs, food, customs, family |publisher=Everyculture.com |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref>
Populasi Monako tidak biasa bahwa orang asli Monegasque adalah minoritas di negara mereka sendiri yang terdiri dari 21,6% dari populasi Monako. Kelompok terbesar adalah warga negara Prancis 28,4%, diikuti oleh Monegasque (21,6%), Italia (18,7%), Inggris (7,5%), Belgia (2,8%), Jerman (2,5%), Swiss (2,5%) dan warga negara Amerika Serikat (1,2%).<ref name="2008census">{{cite web|title=General Population Census 2008: Population Recensée et Population Estimée|url=http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/e89a6190e96cbd1fc1256f7f005dbe6e/64a1643c86f9f661c12575ae004cc473/$FILE/Recensement2008_Ch1.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614212422/http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/e89a6190e96cbd1fc1256f7f005dbe6e/64a1643c86f9f661c12575ae004cc473/$FILE/Recensement2008_Ch1.pdf|archivedate=2011-06-14|publisher=Government of the Principality of Monaco|accessdate=7 October 2011|language=French|year=2008|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
Warga naturalisasi Monako disebut ''Monacans'', sedangkan ''Monegasque'' merupakan istilah yang tepat untuk menggambarkan seseorang yang lahir di Monako.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.everyculture.com/Ma-Ni/Monaco.html |title=Culture of Monaco - history, people, clothing, traditions, women, beliefs, food, customs, family |publisher=Everyculture.com |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref>
 
=== Bahasa ===
{{Utama|Bahasa di Monako}}
Bahasa resmi Monako adalah [[bahasa PerancisPrancis|PerancisPrancis]], sedangkan [[bahasa Italia|Italia]] dituturkan oleh komunitas Italia yang cukup besar. [[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]] digunakan oleh orang [[Amerika]], [[Inggris]], [[Kanada]], dan [[Irlandia]]. Bahasa nasional [[Dialek Monégasque|Monégasque]], sekarang dituturkan oleh hanya sebagian kecil penduduk. Bahasa ini menyerupai [[Bahasa Liguria|Liguria]], yang diucapkan di [[Genoa]]. Di [[Monaco-Ville]], tanda-tanda jalan yang dicetak dalam bahasa PerancisPrancis dan Monégasque. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco-iq.com/society |title=Society |publisher=Monaco-IQ |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monte-carlo.mc/en/general/principality-of-monaco/ |title=Principality of Monaco - Monaco Monte-Carlo |publisher=Monte-carlo.mc |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref>
 
=== Agama ===
Baris 372 ⟶ 248:
| float=right
| bars=
{{Bar percent|KristenKatolik|blue|83.2}}
{{Bar percent|Tidak beragama|red|12.9}}
{{Bar percent|Yahudi|purple|2.9}}
Baris 380 ⟶ 256:
==== Katolik Roma ====
{{Utama|Katolik Roma di Monako}}
[[FileBerkas:Monaco BW 2011-06-07 16-07-20.jpg|thumbjmpl|uprightlurus|[[Katedral Monako|Katedral Santo Nicholas, Monako]]]]
Agama resmi Monako adalah [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Katolik]], dengan kebebasan beragama lain yang dijamin oleh konstitusi. <ref name="joshuaproject.net" /> Ada lima gereja paroki Katolik Roma di Monako dan satu [[Katedral Monako|Katedral]], yang merupakan tempat kedudukan [[uskup agung]] di Monako. Keuskupan, yang telah ada sejak pertengahan abad ke-19, diangkat ke keuskupan agung pada tahun 1981 sebagai [[Keuskupan Agung Katolik Roma Monako|Keuskupan Agung Monako]]. [[Santo Pelindung]] Monako adalah [[Santo Devota]].
 
KristenKatolik terdiridianut dari totaloleh 83,2% dari populasipenduduk Monako.<ref name="joshuaproject.net"/>
 
==== Anglikan ====
Ada satu gereja [[Komuni Anglikan|Anglikan]], gereja [[Saint Paul|St. Paul]], yang terletak di Avenue de Grande Bretagne di Monte Carlo. Pada tahun 2007 gereja ini memiliki keanggotaan formal dari 135 penduduk Anglikan di Monako, tetapi juga melayani sejumlah anggota yang jauh lebih besar dari penganut Anglikan sementara di dalam negeri, sebagian besar sebagai wisatawan. Situs gereja juga mengakomodasi perpustakaan bahasa Inggris lebih dari 3.000 buku. <ref>[http://www.stpaulsmonaco.com/ St Paul's Church, Monaco]</ref> Gereja ini adalah bagian dari [[Keuskupan Eropa]] Anglikan.
 
==== Yahudi ====
Asosiasi ''Culturelle Israélite de Monaco'' (didirikan 1948) adalah rumah konversi yang berisi sebuah sinagogasinagoge, sebuah sekolah komunitas Ibrani, dan toko makanan [[Kashrut|halal]], yang terletak di Monte Carlo.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mavensearch.com/synagogues/C3414Y41808RX |title=Synagogues in Monte Carlo - Shuls in Monte Carlo - Jewish Temples in Monte Carlo |publisher=Mavensearch.com |date=6 July 2007 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Komunitas ini (sekitar 1.000) terutama terdiri dari orang-orang pensiunan Yahudi dari Inggris (40%) dan [[Afrika Utara]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/rel_jew-religion-jews |title=Jews statistics - countries compared |publisher=NationMaster |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Dua pertiga dari penduduk Yahudi adalah [[Yahudi Sephardi| Sephardi]], terutama dari [[Afrika Utara]], sementara sepertiga lainnya adalah [[Yahudi Ashkenazi|Ashkenazi]].<ref>Details at [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/monaco.html Jewish Virtual Library]</ref>
 
=== Olahraga dan hiburanPendidikan ===
 
==== FormulaSekolah SatuDasar dan Menengah ====
Monaco memiliki sepuluh sekolah yang diatur negara, termasuk: tujuh [[taman kanak-kanak]] dan [[sekolah dasar]]; satu [[sekolah menengah]], ''Collège Charles III'';<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college-charles3.mc/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511103100/http://www.college-charles3.mc/|archivedate=2011-05-11|title=Collège Charles III|publisher=College-charles3.mc|accessdate=28 August 2010|dead-url=yes}}</ref> satu [[Sekolah menegah di Prancis|''lycée'']] yang menyediakan pelatiahn umum dan teknologi, ''[[Lycee Albert Premier|Lycée Albert 1er]]'';<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lycee-albert1er.mc/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722170522/http://www.lycee-albert1er.mc/|archivedate=2011-07-22|title=Lycée Albert 1er|publisher=Lycee-albert1er.mc|accessdate=28 August 2010|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan satu lycée yang menyediakan pelatihan kejuruan dan hotel, ''Lycée technique et hôtelier de Monte-Carlo''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lycée technique et hôtelier de Monte-Carlo|url=http://www.lycee-technique.mc/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722170522/http://www.lycee-technique.mc/|archivedate=2011-07-22|location=Monaco|language=French|accessdate=23 May 2009|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ada juga dua sekolah hibah yang dibantu denominasi swasta, termasuk ''Institution François d'Assise Nicolas Barré'' dan ''École des Sœurs Dominicaines'', dan satu [[sekolah internasional]], ''International School of Monaco''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Education System|url=http://www.monaco-consulate-uk.gouv.mc/315UK/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/e72b5e7946917f37c1257339004c433dgb?OpenDocument&2Gb#EDUCATION%20SYSTEM|accessdate=15 February 2013}}</ref>
[[File:Grand Prix Monaco96 131954710.jpg|thumb|Formasi balap untuk [[Monaco Grand Prix 1996]]]]
Since 1955, the [[Monaco Grand Prix]] has been held annually in the streets of Monaco.<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.monaco-grand-prix-ticket.com/Monaco-Grand-Prix.aspx Monaco Grand Prix 2013<!-- Bot generated title -->]{{dead link|date=September 2012}}</ref> It is widely considered to be one of the most prestigious automobile races in the world. The erection of the ''[[Circuit de Monaco]]'' takes six weeks to complete, and the removal after the race takes another three weeks.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> The circuit has many elevation changes and tight corners, along with a tunnel. This together with being incredibly narrow and tight makes it perhaps the most demanding [[Formula One]] track.<ref>{{cite web|author=liam mcmurray,lesley kazan-pinfield |url=http://www.monaco-f1grandprix.com/course.html |title=Monaco Formula One Grand Prix |publisher=Monaco-f1grandprix.com |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> Only two drivers have ever crashed into the harbour, the most famous being [[Alberto Ascari]] in the [[1955 Monaco Grand Prix]], just four days before losing his life at [[Monza]]. The other was [[Paul Hawkins (racing driver)|Paul Hawkins]], during the [[1965 Monaco Grand Prix]].<ref name=autogenerated1 />
 
==== Reli Monte CarloUniversitas ====
Ada satu universitas yang terletak di Monako, yaitu [[Universitas Internasional Monako]] (''International University of Monaco''), sebuah sekolah berbahasa Inggris yang mengkhususkan diri dalam pendidikan bisnis dan dioperasikan oleh kelompok sekolah ''Institut des hautes études économiques et commerciales'' (INSEEC).
The [[Monte Carlo Rally]] has been held since 1911, having originally been held at the behest of [[Albert I, Prince of Monaco|Prince Albert I]], and is considered to be like the principality's Grand Prix, organised by the ''Automobile Club de Monaco''. It has long been considered to be one of the toughest and most prestigious events in [[rallying]], and from 1973 to 2008 was the opening round of the [[World Rally Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Federall |url=http://www.acm.mc/page-tab-histo.php?id_menu=5&id_sousmenu=27 |title=ACM - Automobile Club de Monaco |publisher=Acm.mc |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> From 2009 until 2011, the rally served as the opening round of the [[Intercontinental Rally Challenge]], having most recently been run on the 19–22 January 2011 in celebration of the event's centenary.<ref>{{cite web|author=Motor Sport |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/motorsport/8238574/Rallye-Monte-Carlo-Historique.html |title=Rallye Monte Carlo Historique |publisher=Telegraph |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref>
 
== Budaya ==
2012 marked the return of the Monte Carlo Rally to the WRC calendar with the event taking place from the 20–22 January 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wrc.com/news/2012-world-rally-championship-events-announced/?fid=14515 |title=World Rally Championship - News - 2012 World Rally Championship events announced |publisher=wrc.com |date=27 April 2012 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
{{utama|Budaya Monako}}
=== Musik ===
[[Berkas:Monaco - panoramio (68).jpg|jmpl|[[Seaside façade of the Salle Garnier]], rumah dari festival [[Opéra de Monte-Carlo]]]]
Monaco memiliki gedung opera, orkestra simfoni, dan perusahaan balet klasik.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=http://www.everyculture.com/Ma-Ni/Monaco.html|title=Culture of Monaco |work=everyculture.com}}</ref>
 
=== SepakSeni bolavisual ===
Monako memiliki museum nasional [[seni visual kontemporer]] di Museum Nasional Baru Monako. Negara ini juga memiliki banyak karya seni publik, patung, museum, dan peringatan.
Monaco hosts two major football teams in the principality; men's football club [[AS Monaco FC]], and women's football club ''OS Monaco''. AS Monaco plays at the [[Stade Louis II]], and competes in [[Ligue 1]], the first division of [[French football]]. The club is historically one of the most successful clubs in France. However, it suffered relegation in the 2010–11 season. Because of the popular appeal of living in Monaco, and the lack of income tax, many international stars have played for the club, such as [[Marcelo Gallardo]], [[Jürgen Klinsmann]], [[Oliver Bierhoff]], [[George Weah]], [[John Collins (footballer born 1968)|John Collins]], [[Fernando Morientes]], [[Thierry Henry]], [[Fabien Barthez]], [[Rafael Márquez]], [[Javier Saviola]], [[Akis Zikos]], [[David Trezeguet]], [[John Arne Riise]], [[Patrice Evra]], [[Shabani Nonda]], [[Emmanuel Adebayor]], [[Eiður Guðjohnsen]], [[Jan Koller]], [[Victor Ikpeba]], [[Park Chu-Young]] and [[Mahamadou Diarra]].
 
=== Museum di Monako ===
The club reached the [[2004 UEFA Champions League Final]], led by the likes of [[Dado Pršo]], [[Fernando Morientes]], [[Jérôme Rothen]], [[Akis Zikos]], and [[Ludovic Giuly]], losing 3–0 to Portuguese team [[F.C. Porto]]. The Stade Louis II also plays host to the annual [[UEFA Super Cup]], which is played between the winners of the [[UEFA Champions League]] and the [[UEFA Europa League]]. The women's team, OS Monaco, competes in the women's [[French football league system]]. The club currently plays in the local regional league deep down in the league system, however once played in the [[Division 1 Féminine]] in the 1994–95 season, but were quickly relegated. Current [[France women's national football team|French women's international]] goalkeeper [[Sarah Bouhaddi]] had a short stint at the club before going to the [[Clairefontaine]] academy.
[[Berkas:Monaco BW 2011-06-07 17-50-43.jpg|jmpl|[[Oceanographic Museum]]]]
Ada beberapa museum di Monako, diantaranya:
# Koleksi Mobil Top Monaco
# Museum Napoleon (Monako)
# Museum Oseanografi
 
=== Acara, festival, dan pertunjukan ===
The [[Monaco national football team]] represents the nation in [[association football]], and is controlled by the Monegasque Football Federation, the governing body for [[football in Monaco]]. However, Monaco is the only sovereign state in Europe that is not a member of [[UEFA]], and so does not take part in any [[UEFA European Football Championship]] or [[FIFA World Cup]] competitions. The team play their home matches in the Stade Louis II.
''Principality of Monaco'' menyelenggarakan acara internasional besar seperti:
* Festival Sirkus Internasional Monte-Carlo
* [[Mondial du Théâtre]]
* Festival Televisi [[Monte Carlo]]
 
=== RugbiLihat pula ===
{{Main|Rugbi di Monako}}
[[Monaco national rugby union team|Monaco's national rugby team]], as of March 2012, is 90th in the [[International Rugby Board]] rankings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irb.com/rankings/full.html |title=International Rugby Board - World Rankings: Full world rankings |publisher=Irb.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
=== Olahraga lainnya ===
[[File:MonacoView.jpg|thumb|Pemandangan Pelabuhan Hercules, [[La Condamine]], Monako]]
[[File:Monaco Monte Carlo 1.jpg|thumb|Pemandangan [[Monte Carlo]]]]
The [[Monte-Carlo Masters]] is currently held annually in neighbouring [[Roquebrune-Cap-Martin]], France, as a professional tournament for men as part of tennis' [[ATP World Tour Masters 1000|ATP Masters Series]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monte-carlorolexmasters.com/About/Tournament-Fact-Sheet.aspx |title=Tennis - Tournament Fact Sheet |publisher=Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters |date=30 September 2011 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The tournament has been held since 1897. Golf's [[Monte Carlo Open (golf)|Monte Carlo Open]] was also held at the Monte Carlo Golf Club at Mont Agel in France between 1984 and 1992. Monaco has also [[Monaco at the Olympics|competed]] in the Olympic Games, although, as of 2012, no athlete from Monaco has ever won an Olympic medal.
 
In 2009, the ''[[Tour de France]]'', the world's premier bicycle race, started from Monaco with a 15&nbsp;km closed-circuit individual time trial starting and finishing there on the first day (4 July) and the 182&nbsp;km second leg starting there on the following day and ending in [[Brignoles]], France.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.letour.com/2008/TDF/COURSE/us/grand_depart_2009.html |title=Tour de France 2008 - Grand start 2009 |publisher=Letour.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
Monaco also stage part of the [[Global Champions Tour]] (International Show-jumping). Acknowledged as the most glamorous of the series, Monaco will be hosting the world's most celebrated riders, including Monaco's own [[Charlotte Casiraghi]], in a setting facing out over the world's most beautiful yachts, and framed by the Port Hercule and Prince's palace.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalchampionstour.com/events/2012/monte-carlo/ |title=Monte-Carlo |publisher=Global Champions Tour |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> In 2009, the Monaco stage of the Global Champions tour took place between 25–27 June.
 
The [[Monaco Marathon]] is the only marathon in the world to pass through three separate countries, those of Monaco, France and Italy. The 2010 event took place on 21 March. Runners complete the race by returning to the [[Stade Louis II]].
 
The Monaco Ironman 70.3 triathlon race is an annual event with over 1000 athletes competing and attracts top professional athletes from around the world. The race includes a 1.9&nbsp;km swim, 90&nbsp;km bike ride and 21.1&nbsp;km run.
 
Since 1993, the headquarters of the [[International Association of Athletics Federations]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iaaf.org/aboutiaaf/headquarter/index.html |title=Headquarters |publisher=iaaf.org |date=10 June 1994 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> the world governing body of [[athletics (sport)|athletics]], is located in Monaco.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iaaf.org/aboutiaaf/index.html |title=Inside IAAF Intro |publisher=iaaf.org |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> An IAAF Diamond League meet is annually held at [[Stade Louis II]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.diamondleague-monaco.com/en/Home/ |title=Usain BOLT and Yelena ISINBAEVA for Herculis |publisher=Diamondleague-monaco.com |date=30 April 2012 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>
 
== Pendidikan ==
 
=== Sekolah Dasar dan Menengah ===
Monaco memiliki sepuluh sekolah yang diatur negara, termasuk: tujuh [[taman kanak-kanak]] dan [[sekolah dasar]]; satu [[sekolah menengah]], ''Collège Charles III'';<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.college-charles3.mc/|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110511103100/http://www.college-charles3.mc/|archivedate=11 May 2011 |title=Collège Charles III |publisher=College-charles3.mc |accessdate=28 August 2010}}</ref> satu [[Sekolah menegah di Perancis|''lycée'']] yang menyediakan pelatiahn umum dan teknologi, ''[[Lycee Albert Premier|Lycée Albert 1er]]'';<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lycee-albert1er.mc/|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110722170522/http://www.lycee-albert1er.mc/|archivedate=22 July 2011 |title=Lycée Albert 1er |publisher=Lycee-albert1er.mc |accessdate=28 August 2010}}</ref> dan satu lycée yang menyediakan pelatihan kejuruan dan hotel, ''Lycée technique et hôtelier de Monte-Carlo''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lycée technique et hôtelier de Monte-Carlo|url=http://www.lycee-technique.mc/|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110722170522/http://www.lycee-technique.mc/|archivedate=22 July 2011|location=Monaco|language=French|accessdate=23 May 2009}}</ref> Ada juga dua sekolah hibah yang dibantu denominasi swasta, termasuk ''Institution François d'Assise Nicolas Barré'' dan ''Ecole des Sœurs Dominicaines'', dan satu [[sekolah internasional]], ''International School of Monaco''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Education System|url=http://www.monaco-consulate-uk.gouv.mc/315UK/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/e72b5e7946917f37c1257339004c433dgb?OpenDocument&2Gb#EDUCATION%20SYSTEM|accessdate=15 February 2013}}</ref>
 
=== Universitas ===
Ada satu universitas yang terletak di Monako, yaitu [[Universitas Internasional Monako]] (''International University of Monaco''), sebuah sekolah berbahasa Inggris yang mengkhususkan diri dalam pendidikan bisnis dan dioperasikan oleh kelompok sekolah ''Institut des hautes études économiques et commerciales'' (INSEEC).
 
== Bendera ==
{{Utama|Bendera Monako}}
Bendera Monako adalah salah satu desain bendera nasional tertua di dunia. Bendera Monako identik dengan [[Bendera Indonesia]], kecuali untuk rasio tinggi dan lebar. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldflags101.com/m/monaco-flag.aspx |title=Monaco Flag&nbsp;– World Flags 101&nbsp;– Monacan Flags |publisher=Worldflags101.com |accessdate=2 July 2011}}</ref>
 
== Transportasi ==
{{Utama|Transportasi di Monako}}
{{Further|Transportasi rel di Monako}}
[[Transportasi rel di Monako|Stasiun Monaco-Monte Carlo]] dilayani oleh [[SNCF]], sistem rel nasional Perancis. [[Heliport Monako]] menyediakan pelayanan helikopter ke bandar udara terdekat, [[Bandar Udara Nice Côte d'Azur|Bandar Udara Côte d'Azur]] di Nice, Perancis.
{{Panorama
|image = File:Monaco_City_001.jpg
|fullwidth = 6843
|fullheight = 2176
|caption = <center>Panorama di [[La Condamine]], Monako</center>
|height = 300
}}
 
== Lihat Juga ==
{{portal|Geografi|Eropa}}
* [[Hubungan luar negeri Monako]]
Baris 467 ⟶ 312:
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
== Pranala Luarluar ==
{{Sister project links|voy=Monaco}}
; Pemerintah
* [http://www.gouv.mc/ Official Government Portal]
* [http://www.palais.mc/ Official website of the Prince's Palace of Monaco]
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-m/monaco.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108162611/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-m/monaco.html |date=2011-11-08 }}
 
; Informasi Umum
* {{CIA World Factbook link|mn|Monaco}}
* [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/monaco.htm Monaco] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607085244/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/monaco.htm |date=2008-06-07 }} dari ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''
* {{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Monaco}}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17615784 Monaco] dari [[BBC News]]
Baris 491 ⟶ 336:
* [http://www.petitmonegasque.fr/ Discovery of Monaco]
* [http://maboum.com/ maBoum.com] Panduan tak resmi untuk apa yang terjadi di Monako
* [http://www.jmpatin.fr/myPictures/?q=album/36-monaco A selection of 30 very representative photos of Monaco]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://mapofeurope.com/monaco map of Monaco]
 
; Pekerjaan
* [http://www.work-monaco.com/ Monaco Job Portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016171119/http://www.work-monaco.com/ |date=2011-10-16 }}
 
; Lain-lain
* [http://www.ordremedecins.mc/ Order of the doctors of Monaco] {{fr icon}}
* [http://www.monaco-prestige.info/ French Monaco Web portail] {{fr icon}}
* [http://glomed.free.fr/laprincipauté.html/ La Principauté&nbsp;– Le premier journal d'actualité de Monaco]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* ''Monaco Today'', sebuah surat kabar dalam Bahasa Inggris, [http://www.monacolife.net/ Monacolife.net]
* [http://www.monacolife.net/ Monacolife.net] Portal berita berbahasa Inggris
* [http://www.monacotimes.com/ The Monaco Times]
* [http://www.monaco-iq.com/ Monaco-IQ] Informasi tentang Monako dan agregator berita
* [http://www.ilprincipato.com/ Monte-Carlo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030113437/http://www.ilprincipato.com/ |date=2011-10-30 }} Portal tak resmi Monte-Carlo Italia
 
{{Geographic location
| Centre = {{flag|Monako}}
| North = {{flag|PerancisPrancis}}
| Northeast = {{flag|PerancisPrancis}}
| East = [[Laut Tengah]]
| Southeast = [[Laut Tengah]]
| South = [[Laut Tengah]]
| Southwest = [[Laut Tengah]]
| West = {{flag|PerancisPrancis}}
| Northwest = {{flag|PerancisPrancis}}
}}
 
Baris 543 ⟶ 388:
}}
{{Coord|43|43|58|N|7|25|11|E|type:city(31000)|display=title}}
 
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Kategori:Monaco| ]]
Baris 550 ⟶ 397:
[[Kategori:Negara di Laut Tengah]]
[[Kategori:Negara di Eropa]]
[[Kategori:Negara Berbahasa PerancisPrancis]]
[[Kategori:Negara Berbahasa Italia]]
[[Kategori:Koloni Massalia]]
Baris 559 ⟶ 406:
[[Kategori:Negara dan Tertori yang Berdiri pada 1297]]
[[Kategori:Eropa Barat]]
[[Kategori:AnggotaNegara PBBanggota Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]]
[[Kategori:Demokrasi Liberal]]
[[Kategori:Negara dan Teritori Roman]]
[[Kategori:Negara mikro]]
 
{{Link FA|af}}
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Monako"