Richard Cushing: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Berkas:Coat of arms of Richard James Cushing.svg|jmpl]]
'''Richard James Cushing''' (24 Agustus 1895 - 2 November 1970) adalah seorang pejabat tinggi (''prelatur'') [[Gereja Katolik Roma]] dari [[Amerika Serikat]]. Ia menjadi [[Uskup Agung]] [[Boston]] dari tahun 1944 hingga 1970, dan diangkat menjadi [[kardinal]] pada tahun 1958.
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==Episcopal career==
On June 10, 1939, after Bishop [[Francis Spellman]] was named [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Archbishop of New York]], Cushing was appointed [[auxiliary bishop]] of Boston and [[
As an auxiliary bishop, Cushing continued to serve as director of the Society for the Propagation of Faith, and was also named [[pastor]] of [http://www.sacredheart.ws/index.php Sacred Heart Church] in [[Newton Centre, Massachusetts|Newton Centre]].<ref name=dever/> Following the death of Cardinal O'Connell in April 1944, he served as [[apostolic administrator]] of the archdiocese.<ref name=miranda/>
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Cushing diangkat sebagai Uskup Agung Boston ketiga pada tanggal 25 September 1944 menyusul wafatnya Kardinal O'Connell. Selama masa jabatannya, Boston menyaksikan [[ekskomunikasi]] Romo [[Leonard Feeney]] atas interpretasinya yang sempit terhadap doktrin Katolik [[Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus|bahwa tidak ada keselamatan jiwa di luar gereja]]. Feeney menolak untuk
Karya-karyanya memberikan sumbangsih sehingga [[Gereja Katolik Roma]] bisa lebih diterima di dalam masyarakat Amerika pada saat Senator [[John F. Kennedy]] melakukan kampanye untuk menjadi Presiden Amerika Serikat dan menempati [[Gedung Putih]]. Sebagian karya kerjanya ini termasuk mencoba merangkul kaum non-Katolik di Boston setelah gaya kepemimpinan Gereja Katolik yang ketat dan kaku dari era Kardinal O'Connell sebelumnya terhadap topik-topik keseharian mengenai agama, sosial dan politik di [[Boston]] dan [[Massachusetts]]".<ref>Boston Globe [http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse/stories5/121403_mulvoy.htm "'What Will Lake Street Think?' No Longer"] December 14, 2003</ref>
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===Second Vatican Council===
At the [[Second Vatican Council]] (1962–1965) Cushing played a vital role in drafting ''[[Nostra Aetate]]'', the document that officially absolved the Jews of [[deicide charge]]. His emotional comments during debates over the drafts were echoed in the final version:
: ''1. We must cast the Declaration on the Jews in a much more positive form, one not so timid, but much more loving ... For the sake of our common heritage we, the children of Abraham according to the spirit, must foster a special reverence and love for the children of Abraham according to the flesh. As children of Adam, they are our kin, as children of Abraham they are Christ's blood relatives. 2. So far as the guilt of Jews in the death of our Saviour is concerned, the rejection of the Messiah by His own, is according to Scripture, a mystery—a mystery given us for our instruction, not for our self-exaltation ... We cannot sit in judgement on the onetime leaders of Israel—God alone is their judge. Much less can we burden later generations of Jews with any burden of guilt for the crucifixion of the Lord Jesus, for the death of the Saviour of the world, except that universal guilt in which we all have a part ... In clear and unmistakable language, we must deny, therefore, that the Jews are guilty of our Saviour's death. We must condemn especially those who seek to justify, as Christian deeds, discrimination, hatred and even persecution of Jews ... 3. I ask myself, Venerable Brothers, whether we should not humbly acknowledge before the whole world that, toward their Jewish brethren, Christians have all too often not shown themselves as true Christians, as faithful followers of Christ. How many [Jews] have suffered in our own time? How many died because Christians were indifferent and kept silent? ... If in recent years, not many Christian voices were raised against those injustices, at least let ours now be heard in humility.'' <ref>Oesterreicher, pp. 197-98</ref>
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