Bahasa Swedia: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 2:
|name=Bahasa Swedia
|nativename=svenska
|pronunciation=
|states=[[Swedia]], [[Finlandia]]<!--Do not add Estonia to the infobox unless you have concrete evidence of major groups of native speakers in this region.-->
|region=[[Eropa Utara]], sebagian [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]] serta negara lainnya.
|speakers= ~ 10 juta
|rank=78
|script=[[Alfabet Latin|Latin]] ([[Alfabet
|familycolor=Indo-Eropa
|fam2=[[Bahasa Jermanik|Jermanik]]
|fam3=[[Bahasa Jermanik Utara|Jermanik Utara]]
|fam4=Skandinavia Timur
|nation={{SWE|Swedia}}<br />{{FIN|Finlandia}}<br />{{
|agency=[[
|iso1=sv|iso2=swe|iso3=swe
|map=[[Berkas:
{{legend|#87CEEB|tempat bahasa Swedia ada kontak linguistik dengan bahasa lain}}|ethnicity=[[Orang Swedia|Swedia]]|ancestor=[[Bahasa Nordik Kuno|Nordik Kuno]]|ancestor2=[[Bahasa Nordik Timur Kuno|Nordik Timur Kuno]]|ancestor3=[[Bahasa Swedia Kuno|Swedia Kuno]]|ancestor4=[[Bahasa Swedia Modern|Swedia Modern]]|sign=[[Bahasa Isyarat Swedia]]<br>[[Tecknad svenska]] (tidak digunakan)}}
'''Bahasa Swedia''' (''svenska'') ialah [[bahasa Jermanik|bahasa Jermanik Utara]] dengan sekitar 9 juta penutur di [[Swedia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Estonia]], [[Norwegia]], [[Kanada]] dan [[Amerika Serikat]].
== Sejarah ==
[[Finlandia]] dikuasai Swedia dari [[abad ke-12]] sampai [[1809]] dan selama masa itu, bahasa Swedia merupakan bahasa utama pemerintahan dan pendidikan di sini. Kini, bahasa Finlandia dan Swedia memiliki kedudukan sama sebagai bahasa resmi di Finlandia.
Bahasa tertulis pertama Skandinavia yang diketahui ialah Norwegia
Salah satu penggunaan awal bahasa Swedia sebagai bahasa sastra ialah "Alkitab Gustav Vasa ", diterjemahkan dan diterbitkan pada [[1540]]-[[1541]] di bawah perlindungan Raja Gustav Vasa.
== Abjad ==
Bahasa Swedia menggunakan
; catatan
* c = [ s ] sebelum e, i atau y, [ k ] selain itu
* g = [ j ] sebelum e, i, y, ä atau ö, [ g ] selain itu
* k = [ ɕ ] sebelum e, i, y, ä atau ö, [ k ] selain itu
* ch = [ ʃ ] sebelum e, i, y, ä atau ö, [ ʂ ] sebelum a, o, å or u
* sk = [ ɧ ] sebelum e, i, y, ä atau ö, [ sk ] selain itu
* rg = [ rg, ʀg ] sebelum a, o, u, å, [ rj, ʀj ] selain itu
* lg = [ lg ] sebelum a, o, u, å, [ lj ] selain itu
== Alfabet bahasa swedia ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Huruf besar !! Huruf kecil !! Huruf besar !! Huruf kecil
|-
| A || a || N || n
|-
| Ä || ä || O || o
|-
| Å || å || Ö || ö
|-
| B || b || P || p
|-
| C || c || Q || q
|-
| D || d || R || r
|-
| E || e || S || s
|-
| F || f || T || t
|-
| G || g || U || u
|-
| H || h || V || v
|-
| I || i || W || w
|-
| J || j || X || x
|-
| K || k || Y || y
|-
| L || l || Z || z
|-
| M || m
|}
== Ungkapan dasar ==
* bahasa Swedia: svenska
* halo: hej /
* selamat tinggal: hej då (HEY-doh)
* selamat datang: välkommen
* selamat pagi: god morgon
*
*
* tolong: tack (tahck) seperti pada "ya, tolong" atau snälla (snella) seperti dalam "tolong, tunjukkan saya stasiun"
* maafkan saya: ursäkta mig (uor-SECKTAH may)
*
*
* berapa banyak?: hur mycket? (huwr MICK-eh)
* bahasa Inggris: engelska (ENG-el-skah)
* ya: ja /ja/ (yah)
* tidak: nej /nEj/ (neigh)
* penghormatan umum: skål /skOl/ (skal atau skol)
* pisang: banan (buh-NAAN)
* kucing: katt
* jam berapa sekarang?: vad är klockan? (vaad air KLAWCK-an)
* di manakah kamar kecilnya?: var är toaletten
* saya tak mengerti: jag förstår inte
* saya tak tahu: jag vet inte
* apakah Anda bercakap Inggris?: Talar du engelska?
* apakah Anda bercakap bahasa Indonesia?: Talar du indonesiska?
* Indonesia: indonesien
* kota: stad
* aku cinta padamu:jag älskar dig
* nama saya....: jag heter....
== Rujukan ==
=== Sumber cetakan ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{Citation
|last = Bergman
|first = Gösta
|year = 1984
|title = Kortfattad svensk språkhistoria
|edition = 4th
|place = Stockholm
|publisher = Prisma
|series = Prisma Magnum
|isbn = 91-518-1747-0
|oclc = 13259382
|language = Swedish
}}
* {{Citation
|last = Bolander
|first = Maria
|year = 2002
|title = Funktionell svensk grammatik
|place = Stockholm
|publisher = Liber
|isbn = 91-47-05054-3
|oclc = 67138445
|language = Swedish
}}
* {{Citation
|last = Crystal
|first = David
|author-link = David Crystal
|year = 1999
|edition = 2nd
|title = The Penguin dictionary of language
|place = London
|publisher = [[Penguin Books]]
|isbn = 0-14-051416-3
|oclc = 59441560
}}
* {{Citation
|last = Dahl
|first = Östen
|year = 2000
|title = Språkets enhet och mångfald
|place = Lund
|publisher = Studentlitteratur
|isbn = 91-44-01158-X
|oclc = 61100963
|language = Swedish
}}
* {{Citation
|last = Elert
|first = Claes-Christian
|year = 2000
|title = Allmän och svensk fonetik
|edition = 8th
|place = Stockholm
|publisher = Norstedts Akademiska Förlag
|isbn = 91-1-300939-7
|oclc =
|language = Swedish
}}
* {{Citation
|last = Engstrand
|first = Olle
|year = 1999
|chapter = Swedish
|title = Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet.
|place = Cambridge
|publisher = Cambridge University Press
|isbn = 0-521-63751-1
|pages = 140–142
}}
* {{Citation
|last = Engstrand
|first = Olle
|year = 2004
|title = Fonetikens grunder
|place = Lund
|publisher = Studentlitteratur
|isbn = 91-44-04238-8
|oclc = 66026795
|language = Swedish
}}
* {{Citation
|last = Ferlin
|first = Nils
|title = Barfotabarn
|year = 1976
|place = Stockholm
|publisher = Bonnier
|isbn = 91-0-024187-3
|language = Swedish
}}
* {{Citation
|last = Garlén
|first = Claes
|year = 1988
|title = Svenskans fonologi
|place = Lund
|publisher = Studentlitteratur
|isbn = 91-44-28151-X
|oclc = 67420810
|language = Swedish
}}
* {{Citation
|last = Granberry
|first = Julian
|year = 1991
|title = Essential Swedish Grammar
|place = New York
|publisher = [[Dover Publications]]
|isbn = 0-486-26953-1
|oclc = 23692877
}}
* {{Citation
|last = Hultman
|first = Tor G.
|year = 2003
|title = Svenska Akademiens språklära
|place = Stockholm
|publisher = Norstedts
|isbn = 91-7227-351-1
|oclc = 55849724
|language = Swedish
}}
* {{Citation
|author = International Phonetic Association
|year = 1999
|title = Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: a guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
|place = Cambridge
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|isbn = 0-521-63751-1
|oclc = 40305532
|authorlink = International Phonetic Association
}}
* {{Citation
|last = Josephson
|first = Olle
|year = 2005
|title = Ju: ifrågasatta självklarheter om svenskan, engelskan och alla andra språk i Sverige
|edition = 2nd edition
|place = Stockholm
|publisher = Nordstedts ordbok
|isbn = 91-7227-446-8
|language = Swedish
}}
* {{Citation
|last = Kotsinas
|first = Ulla-Britt
|year = 1994
|title = Ungdomsspråk
|place = Uppsala
|publisher = Hallgren & Fallgren
|isbn = 91-7382-718-5
|oclc = 60994967
|language = Swedish
}}
* {{Citation
|last = Leinonen
|first = Therese
|title = Aggregate analysis of vowel pronunciation in Swedish dialects
|journal = Oslo Studies in Language
|volume = 3
|issue = 2
|year = 2011
|url = https://www.journals.uio.no/index.php/osla/article/view/101
}}
* {{Citation
|last = Pettersson
|first = Gertrud
|year = 1996
|title = Svenska språket under sjuhundra år: en historia om svenskan och dess utforskande
|place = Lund
|publisher = Studentlitteratur
|isbn = 91-44-48221-3
|oclc = 36130929
|language = Swedish
}}
* {{Citation
|author = Svenska språknämnden
|authorlink = Svenska språknämnden
|title = Svenska skrivregler
|edition = 2nd
|year = 2000
|publication-date = 2002, 3rd printing
|publisher = Liber
|place = Stockholm
|isbn = 91-47-04974-X
|language = Swedish
}}
* {{Citation
|last = Svensson
|first = Lars
|year = 1974
|title = Nordisk paleografi: Handbok med transkriberade och kommenterade skriftprov
|place = Lund
|publisher = Studentlitteratur
|isbn = 91-44-05391-6
|oclc = 1303752
|language = Swedish
}}
{{refend}}
=== Sumber jejaring ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{sv icon}} [[Nationalencyklopedin]] (online edition)
* {{sv icon}} [http://www.svenskbyborna.com/ Föreningen Svenskbyborna] (Svenskbyborna Society)
{{refend}}
== Daftar pustaka ==
=== Kursus bahasa ===
* ''Colloquial Swedish–The complete course for beginners Second Edition''. Holmes, Philip; Serin, Gunilla (1999). London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-13718-7
* ''Teach Yourself Swedish–A complete course for beginners''. Croghan, Vera (1995). London: Hodder & Stoughton. Chicago: NTC/Contemporary Publishing. ISBN 0-340-61860-4
* ''Svenska utifrån–Lärobok i svenska''. Nyborg, Roger; et al. (2001) ISBN 91-520-0673-5
* ''På svenska! 1 Svenska som främmande språk–Lärobok''. Göransson, Ulla; et al. (1997) ISBN 91-7434-392-0
* ''På svenska! 2 Svenska som främmande språk–Lärobok''. Göransson, Ulla; et al. (2002) ISBN 91-7434-462-5
* ''[http://fsi-language-courses.org/Content.php?page=Swedish Swedish Basic Course]''. Fsi-language.org. Foreign Service Institute
* ''Rivstart: A1+A2''. Scherrer, Paula Levy; Lindemalm, Karl (2008). Natur och Kultur. ISBN 978-91-27-66685-6
* ''Rivstart: B1+B2''. Scherrer, Paula Levy; Lindemalm, Karl (2009). Natur och Kultur. ISBN 91-27-66687-5
=== Tata bahasa ===
* ''Swedish Essentials of Grammar'' Viberg, Åke; et al. (1991) Chicago: Passport Books. ISBN 0-8442-8539-
* ''Swedish: An Essential Grammar''. Holmes, Philip; Hinchliffe, Ian; (2000). London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-16048-0.
* ''Swedish: A Comprehensive Grammar Second Edition''. Holmes, Philip; Hinchliffe, Ian; (2003). London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-27884-8.
* ''Svenska utifrån. Schematic grammar–Swedish structures and everyday phrases'' Byrman, Gunilla; Holm, Britta; (1998) ISBN 91-520-0519-4.
=== Kamus ===
* ''Prisma's Swedish-English Dictionary Third Edition'' (1997) ISBN 0-8166-3163-8
* ''Prisma's English-Swedish Dictionary Third Edition'' (1997) ISBN 0-8166-3162-X
* ''Norstedts lilla engelska ordbok'' Petti, Vincent; Petti, Kerstin; (1999) ISBN 91-7227-009-8.
* ''Norstedts första svenska ordbok'' Ernby, Birgitta; et al. (2001) ISBN 91-7227-186-8.
== Pranala luar ==
{{InterWiki|code=sv}}
{{Wikibooks|Swedish}}
{{NIE Poster|year=1905|Swedish Language and Literature|Swedish language}}
=== Tata bahasa ===
* A concise [http://www.lysator.liu.se/language/Languages/Swedish/Grammar.html Swedish Grammar], prepared by Leif Stensson.
* [http://www.fsi-language-courses.org/Content.php?page=Swedish Swedish basic course] (student text + audio files), developed by the American Foreign Service Institute.
* Grammar course European level A1-A2 http://www2.nok.se/laromedel/sprakverktyg/13.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120153050/http://www2.nok.se/laromedel/sprakverktyg/13.html |date=2013-01-20 }}
=== Meningkatkan kosakata ===
* [http://www.swedish-flashcards.com/ Swedish Flashcard Site]
* [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Swedish_Swadesh_list Swadesh list of Swedish basic vocabulary words] (from Wiktionary's [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Swadesh_lists Swadesh-list appendix])
=== Kamus ===
* [http://lexin2.nada.kth.se/swe-eng.html Swedish-English]/[http://lexin2.nada.kth.se/sve-ara.html Swedish-Arabic]/[http://lexin2.nada.kth.se/sve-rys.html Swedish-Russian]/[http://lexin2.nada.kth.se/sve-spa.html Swedish-Spanish] Dictionaries from [http://lexin2.nada.kth.se/ Språkrådet – Institute for Language and Folklore]
* [http://tyda.se/ tyda.se]
* [http://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Huvudsida sv.wiktionary]
* [http://folkets-lexikon.csc.kth.se/folkets/folkets.en.html People's dictionary]
* [http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/translation/Swedish/ Swedish Dictionary] from [http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/ Webster's Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223164907/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/ |date=2012-02-23 }}
* [https://runeberg.org/nf/#en Project Runeberg's digital facsimile edition of ''Nordisk familjebok''], the definitive Swedish-language encyclopaedia of the late 19th and early-to-mid-20th centuries.
* [http://www.norstedtsord.se/ Norstedts Swedish-English online dictionary]
* [http://www.lexikon.se/ lexikon.se]
{{Bahasa Swedia}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Swedia, Bahasa}}
[[Kategori:Rumpun bahasa Jermanik Utara]]
[[Kategori:Bahasa Swedia|Bahasa]]
[[Kategori:Bahasa di Swedia|Swedia]]
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