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{{Infobox organization
| name = Nation of Islam
| image = Elijah Muhammad and Cassius Clay NYWTS.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Elijah Muhammad berbicara kepada pengikutnya termasuk Muhammad Ali
| abbreviation = NOI
| formation = {{Start date and age|1930|7|4}}
| founder = [[Wallace Fard Muhammad]]
| founding_location = [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]], AS
| type = [[Gerakan keagamaan]] [[politik]]
| status = Aktif
| purpose =
| headquarters = [[Mosque Maryam]], [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]]
| location = [[Amerika Serikat]]
| methods =
| fields =
| membership = 20.000–50.000<ref name=MacFarquhar>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/26/us/26farrakhan.html?pagewanted=all|work=The New York Times|first=Neil|last=MacFarquhar|title=Nation of Islam at a Crossroad as Leader Exits|date=February 26, 2007}}</ref>
| membership_year = Perkiraan 2007
| language = [[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]]
| leader_title = Pemimpin
| leader_name = [[Louis Farrakhan]]
| key_people = {{plainlist|
*[[Elijah Muhammad]]}}
| subsidiaries = {{plainlist|
*[[Muhammad University of Islam]]
*[[Muslim Girls Training]]
*[[Star Chamber Academy]]}}
| motto = "Justice or Else!"
| website = {{URL|http://www.noi.org/}}
}}
{{Nation of Islam}}
{{
'''Nation of Islam''' (NOI, disebut juga '''Bangsa Islam''') adalah sebuah gerakan keagamaan yang sinkretik baru didirikan di [[Detroit, Michigan]] oleh [[Wallace Fard Muhammad]] pada bulan Juli 1930. Sasarannya adalah untuk memperbaiki kondisi spiritual, mental, sosial, dan ekonomi dari [[Afrika-Amerika]] di [[Amerika Serikat]] dan seluruh umat manusia.<ref name="Nation of Islam">{{cite web | url=http://www.noi.org/about.shtml | title=A Brief History on the origin of the Nation of Islam in America | publisher=Nation of Islam | date=March 1, 2010 | accessdate=March 29, 2012}}</ref> Kritikus menuduh pergerakan ini menyerukan [[supremasi kulit hitam]]<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite web | url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26630405/ns/us_news-faith/t/former-nation-islam-leader-dies/ | title=Former Nation of Islam leader dies at 74 | publisher=[[MSNBC]] | date=September 9, 2008 | accessdate=February 10, 2012 | author=[[Associated Press]] | archive-date=2013-01-20 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dni2xTI7?url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26630405/ns/us_news-faith/t/former-nation-islam-leader-dies/ | dead-url=yes }}</ref> dan [[antisemitisme]].<ref name="ADL">{{cite web | url=http://www.adl.org/PresRele/NatIsl_81/5711_81.htm | title=Nation of Islam Leader Reprises "Vintage" Anti-Semitism; ADL Says Farrakhan's Racism 'As Ugly As It Ever Was{{'-}} | publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]] | date=March 1, 2010 | accessdate=February 1, 2012 | archive-date=2013-01-20 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dni5bOkk?url=http://www.adl.org/PresRele/NatIsl_81/5711_81.htm | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="Antisemitism">{{cite book|title=Antisemitism: myth and hate from antiquity to the present|author=Perry, Marvin and Schweitzer, Frederick M.|year=2002|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|page=213|ISBN=0-312-16561-7|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9yQmyXeNEMQC}}</ref><ref name="TAU">{{cite web | url=http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw97-8/usa-int.html | title=Minister Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam | publisher=[[Tel Aviv University]] | accessdate=February 1, 2012 | author=[[Stephen Roth Institute]] | archive-date=2013-01-20 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dni6iKBN?url=http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw97-8/usa-int.html | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="Nation">[http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-files/groups/nation-of-islam "Nation of Islam"], Southern Poverty Law Center</ref>
Setelah hilangnya Fard pada bulan Juni 1934, Nation of Islam dipimpin oleh [[Elijah Muhammad]], yang mendirikan masjid disebut Temples, Sekolah bernama [[Universitas Islam Muhammad]], bisnis, pertanian dan kepemilikan ''real estate'' di Amerika Serikat dan luar negeri.<ref name="Mosques, Schools, Business, Land">{{cite book|title=Black Muslims in America|url=https://archive.org/details/blackmuslimsinam00linc_0|author=C. Eric Lincoln|year=1994|publisher=[[Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.]]|pages=[https://archive.org/details/blackmuslimsinam00linc_0/page/88 88], 89 218|ISBN=0-8028-0703-8}}</ref>
Pemimpin terkenal gerakan ini antara lain [[Elijah Muhammad]], [[Malcolm X]] (yang meninggalkan gerakan untuk menjadi seorang Muslim [[Suni|Sunni]]), [[Louis Farrakhan]] dan [[Warith Deen Mohammed]]. Kantor pusatnya, Masjid Maryam (Masjid # 2) terletak di [[Chicago, Illinois]] dan pemimpinnya adalah Menteri Louis Farrakhan. Publikasi berita resmi mereka adalah koran [[The Final Call]].
The Nation of Islam tidak mempublikasikan jumlah keanggotaannya, keanggotaan inti dari Nation of Islam diperkirakan antara 20.000 dan 50.000, namun diyakini lebih besar.<ref>{{cite news|
Gerakan ini percaya bahwa pendirinya, Wallace Fard Muhammad adalah Allah, sekaligus messiah dan al-Mahdi.<ref>https://www.noi.org/muslim-program</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Muhammad Knight |first1=Michael |title=Remembering Master Fard Muhammad |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/9bn7ae/remembering-master-fard-muhammad |publisher=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |access-date=2 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Richardson |first1=Damon |title=A Prophet Greater Than Elijah |journal=[[Christianity Today]] |issue=September 2020 |pages=80–79 |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2020/september/damon-richardson-nation-islam-follow-christ.html |access-date=2 December 2020 |quote=I distinctly remember chanting "God is a man, not a spirit or a spook" [...] God (Allah) had come to earth in the person of Fard Muhammad}}</ref>
Pengikut NOI juga percaya bahwa orang kulit hitam di Amerika adalah keturunan dari "Bangsa Hitam Asia" yang turun ke bumi saat bumi terbelah menjadi dua: planet Bumi dan Bulan. Yang semua itu disebabkan oleh salah satu Ilmuan, yaitu Tuhan, yang ingin bangsa hitam itu menggunakan satu bahasa saja, tetapi Tuhan tidak bisa mencapai keinginannya itu.<ref>"Message to the Blackman in America", Elijah Muhammad, p. 31, Secretarius MEMPS Publications, 209; {{ISBN|978-1884855702}}</ref>
Elijah Muhammad menulis bahwa bangsa kulit hitam afrika adalah "bangsa pertama". Sedangkan bangsa kulit putih adalah ras "setan" yang diciptakan oleh seorang ilmuan bernama Yakub.<ref>Supreme Wisdom Lessons, Lost found muslim lesson 1 & 2</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenationofislam.org |title=The Nation of Islam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101125932/http://www.thenationofislam.org/ |archive-date=January 1, 2014 |access-date=March 15, 2018 }}</ref>
== Referensi ==
Baris 17 ⟶ 54:
* [http://www.finalcall.com Nation of Islam affiliated Final Call Newspaper website]
* [http://www.noi.org.uk/ Official Website of the United Kingdom Branch of the Nation of Islam]
* Walker, Dennis [http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1181062652546&pagename=Zone-English-Muslim_Affairs%2FMAELayout Searching for African American Nationhood: Looking Into the Nation of Islam (Interview)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206005347/http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1181062652546&pagename=Zone-English-Muslim_Affairs%2FMAELayout |date=2008-12-06 }}
* [http://static.nicic.gov/Library/017613.pdf/
* [http://vault.fbi.gov/Nation%20of%20Islam FBI file on the Nation of Islam]
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